Comprehensive Fuels Treatment Practices Guide for Mixed Conifer Forests: California, Central and Southern Rockies, and the Southwest

7/31/2019 Comprehensive Fuels Treatment Practices Guide for Mixed Conifer Forests: California, Central and Southern Rocki

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A~niv Rrnc`ng alr @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnvv

C~mlrv

Cin}cgbnr @' Nqcgv Rmn Alrnv D~jib) Gnt @n}jfl {cgbnrHalrnvd~jib'lrd_jfe D' Nqnrn Vcijvm Ellngcj Fliindn) @lgcgcVfl I' Vnxmngv ^gjqnrvjz la Fcijalrgjc Onreninz) Fcijalrgjc

Kc`nv C' Zl~{ ^VBC Alrnv Vnrqjfn) Vl~mtnvnrg _ndjlg) Gnt @n}jfl

Cfegltinbdn`ngv

Rmn c~mlrv mcge mn 4> `cgcdnrv cgb n}xnrv) ijvnb jg Cxxngbj} F) tml lle mn j`n l vmcrnmnjr n}xnrjngfn cgb jgvjdmv tjm ~v' Rmjv rnxlr tl~ib gl mcqn onng xlvvjoin tjml~ mnjrmnix' Jg cbbjjlg) tn tl~ib ijen l mcge [nq Ocivng) Ijgbvcz Fmjlgl) Cijvlg Alrrnvni) BcggzArz) Cg~ Erc`nr) cgb Enqjg Ercvglt c ^gjqnrvjz la Fcijalrgjc) Onreninz) alr mnjr mnix tjmjgnrqjntv' Rmjv xrlknf tcv v~xxlrnb oz Kljg Ajrn Vfjngfn Xrldrc` drcg &8:?834'

Flqnr Xmllv; Cvxng qjvc oz Cin}cgbnr Nqcgv5 xrnvfrjonb ajrn oz mn Vnxmngv Ico ^gjqnrvjzla Fcijalrgjc Onreninz5 mcrqnvnr oz Cin}cgbnr Nqcgv5 `cx la nflrndjlgv flqnrnb jg mjv d~jbn5onalrncgbcanr mjggjgd cgb ajrn lg mn Vcg K~cg Gcjlgci Alrnv oz Vcrc Orjglg5 cgbxrnvfrjonb ajrn xrnxcrcjlgv oz mn Vnxmngv Ico ^gjqnrvjz la Fcijalrgjc Onreninz'

Rmn Alrnv D~jib xrcfjfnv cgb xrl`lnv nflildjfciiz) nflgl`jfciiz) cgb vlfjciiz rnvxlgvjoin

alrnvrzn}fniing alrnvrzcv c `ncgv la v~vcjgjgd mn jgndrjz la alrnv nflvzvn`v cgb

mn m~`cg fl``~gjjnv bnxngbng ~xlg mn`'

Alrnv D~jib XL Ol} >3: Vcgc An) G@ =4>82 >8>:=6=::? ttt'alrnvd~jib'lrd

j
mailto:[email protected]://www.forestguild.org/http://www.forestguild.org/http://www.forestguild.org/mailto:[email protected]


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jj

N}nf~jqn V~``crz

Rmn dlci la mjv d~jbn jv l xrlqjbn c rnvl~rfn alr `cgcdnrv la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mnVl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv) mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv) mn Vjnrrc

Gnqcbc) cgb mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvvmcqn bjaanrng vxnfjnv) vr~f~rnv) cgb vxcjci xcnrgv jg mnvn rndjlgv o~) jg dngnrci) tn alf~vlg alrnvv tjm c `j} la xlgbnrlvc lr Knaarnz xjgn) Bl~dicvajr) r~n ajrv) cgb cvxng' Rmn d~jbnjgfi~bnv c fl`xrnmngvjqn rnqjnt la mjvlrjf flgbjjlgv) xcv icgb ~vn) gc~rci ajrn rndj`nv)j`xcfv la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv) cgb a~~rn xrlvxnfv) djqng fij`cn fmcgdn) alr `j}nb flgjanralrnvv' Rmn vnflgb mcia la mn d~jbn cbbrnvvnv a~niv rnc`ng loknfjqnv) nfmgjs~nv) ocrrjnrv)cgb v~ffnvvnv cfrlvv c rcgdn la ltgnrvmjxv'

Onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng la mn Tnv) ajrnv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv o~rgnb lg jgnrqcivmc cqnrcdnb ontnng njdm cgb ?> zncrv alr mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) Vl~mnrg _lfejnv) cgbVl~mtnvnrg `j}nb flgjanr' Iltvnqnrjz ajrnv tnrn `lrn arns~ng jg vl`n `j}nb flgjanr

alrnvv5 o~) jg dngnrci) `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcqn mjvlrjfciiz ngbnb l on mnnrldngnl~v`j}~rnv jg tmjfm vxnfjnv fl`xlvjjlg) alrnv vr~f~rn) cgb a~ni ilcbv fmcgdn lqnr vmlrbjvcgfnv' Vjgfn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng) `cgz `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcqn onfl`n `lrnml`ldngnl~v cgb fcg mnrnalrn acfjijcn icrdnr) mjdmnrvnqnrjz ajrnv mcg mlvn mc lff~rrnbmjvlrjfciiz' Jgfrncvjgd mnnrldngnjz jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv c mn icgbvfcxn vfcin lcxxrl}j`cn mjvlrjf flgbjjlgv jv j`xlrcg alr cfmjnqjgd `cgz `cgcdn`ng loknfjqnv) arlà~ni rnb~fjlg l tjibijan mcojc' _nvlrcjlg cgb tjibajrn mc{crb rnb~fjlg crn gl vzglgz`l~v)o~ rnvlrcjlg rnc`ngv fcg rnb~fn mn rjve la ~gfmcrcfnrjvjf mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn) j'n') vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrn flqnrjgd c icrdn xlrjlg la mn icgbvfcxn'

Rmjv rnxlr bjvf~vvnv xrnvfrjonb ajrn) vjiqjf~i~rci rnc`ngv) cgb flòjgcjlgv la f~jgd cgbo~rgjgd' Jg `lv `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) mjggjgd mc rncv olm mn fcglxz cgb ~gbnrvlrz-frltg cgb ilt mjggjgdv* flòjgnb tjm xrnvfrjonb ajrn jv mn `lv naanfjqn tcz l rnb~fntjibajrn mc{crb' Mltnqnr) icgb `cgcdn`ng loknfjqnv lr n}nrgci flgvrcjgv fcg `cen lmnrlliv) v~fm cv `cvjfcjlg lr xrnvfrjonb ajrn cilgn) `lrn cxxrlxrjcn' Rrnc`ngv `~v on`cjgcjgnb alr mnjr a~ni rnb~fjlg naanf l on v~vcjgnb) cgb gl vjgdin rnc`ng tjii rnqnrvn cilgd mjvlrz la ajrn n}fi~vjlg' Canr col~ ng zncrv) a~niv ondjg o~jibjgd ~x ltcrbv xrnrnc`nginqniv jg `cgz `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv'

Jgnrqjntv tjm 4> `cgcdnrv cgb n}xnrv mnixnb jbngjaz g~`nrl~v fl`xijfcjlgv cgb ocrrjnrv lj`xin`ngjgd a~niv rnc`ngv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' V`len `cgcdn`ng cgb tjibijan mcojcxrlnfjlgv crn tl fl``lg jvv~nv mc fcg `cen mnvn rnc`ngv `lrn fl`xijfcnb) ml~dm glj`xlvvjoin' Rmjv rnxlr civl bjvf~vvnv jgvj~jlgci fmciingdnv) v~fm cv mn ilvv la ilfci n}xnrjvncgb n}xnrjngfn tjm ajrn mc lff~rv tjm rnjrn`ng' Cglmnr jgvj~jlgci fmciingdn l rn~rgjgdgc~rci `j}nbvnqnrjz ajrn rndj`nv mc jgfi~bn xcfmnv la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn l `j}nb flgjanricgbvfcxnv jv mn gnnb l o~jib flgajbngfn tjmjg cg lrdcgj{cjlg' Lrdcgj{cjlgv cgb mn x~oijffcg on tcrz la xrnvfrjxjlgv mc jgfi~bn xcfmnv la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn) o~ icgbvfcxninqnirnc`ngv mc rnb~fn tjibajrn mc{crb cgb jgfrncvn mn cojijz l flgrli ajrnv mnix o~jibflgajbngfn mc xrnvfrjonb `j}nbvnqnrjz ajrnv fcg on j`xin`ngnb vcaniz'


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Cglmnr flgvjvng fmciingdn l j`xin`ngjgd a~niv rnc`ng jv a~gbjgd' Lrdcgj{cjlgv mcngklz fl``~gjz v~xxlr cgb vrlgd xcrgnrvmjxv mrl~dm fliicolrcjlg mcqn ciijnv jg mn ocinalr vfcrfn rnvl~rfnv cgb c vrlgd fcvn alr drcg a~gbjgd' Rml~dm fliicolrcjlg rns~jrnv cgjgqnv`ng la j`n cgb `lgnz) j fcg mnix cqljb nqng `lrn flviz ijjdcjlg lr lovr~fjlg'Fliicolrcjlg mnixv `cgcdnrv jbngjaz loknfjqnv mc `nn orlcb vcenmlibnr vlfjci) nflgl`jf)

cgb nflildjfci dlciv' Tmjin rnvncrfm s~nvjlgv cgb `cgcdn`ng fmciingdnv rn`cjg) mjv rnxlrblf~`ngv olm mn n}ngvjqn vfjngjajf egltinbdn cgb mn xrcfjfci `cgcdn`ng jgvjdmv mccirncbz n}jv col~ a~niv rnc`ng jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv'

VnxmngvIco^gjqnrvjzlaFcijalrgjcOnreninz

Xrnvfrjonb o~rg c Oilbdn Alrnv) Fcijalrgjc

jjj


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jq

Vnfjlg J; Jgrlb~fjlg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3

Bnajgjgd @j}nb Flgjanr'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6Vl~mtnvnrg Xicnc~v cgb ^xicgbv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1

Vjnrrc Gnqcbc'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4Mnnrldngnjz cgb Vxcjci Vfcin ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4

Vnfjlg JJ; Ajrn cgb A~niv Jvv~nv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

Xcv Icgb ^vn cgb @cgcdn`ng Cfjqjjnv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :Vl~mtnvnrg Xicnc~v cgb ^xicgbv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 33Vjnrrc Gnqcbc'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3?Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 36

Ajrn _ndj`nv cgb Mjvlrjf Flgbjjlgv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 32Vl~mtnvnrg Xicnc~v cgb ^xicgbv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3>Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3:Vjnrrc Gnqcbc'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ??Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?>

J`xcf la Cinrnb Ajrn _ndj nv cgb Alrnv Mncim '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?1Vl~mtnvnrg Xicnc~v cgb ^xicgbv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?4Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?=Vjnrrc Gnqcbc'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 68Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 63

Fij`cn Fmcgdn''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 63

Vnfjlg JJJ; A~niv Rrnc`ng Loknfjqnv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 66

Loknfjqnv cgb Ltgnrvmjx Ol~gbcrjnv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 66_nb~fnb Tjibajrn Mc{crb ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6>_nvlrcjlg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 61Fl``nrfjci Qci~n '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 64Tjibijan) Tcnr) _nfrncjlg) cgb Lmnr Loknfjqnv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6=V~``crz''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 23

Vnfjlg JQ; A~niv Rrnc`ng Rnfmgjs~nv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2?

Bnqnilxjgd IcgbvfcxnTjbn A~niv Rrnc`ng Vrcndjnv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2?Xrnvfrjonb Ajrn Rnfmgjs~nv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22Vjiqjf~i~rci @nmlbv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 21Rrnc`ng Fl`ojgcjlgv; Cbbrnvvjgd Vicvm''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2=


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Vnfjlg Q; A~niv Rrnc`ng Naanfjqngnvv cgb _ns~jrn`ngv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >8

Naanfjqngnvv la Xrnvfrjonb Ajrn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >8Naanfjqngnvv la Rmjggjgd cgb Mcrqnvv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6Naanfjqngnvv la Rrnc`ng Fl`ojgcjlgv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6

@cjgngcgfn la Rrnc`ngv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Jgndrcjgd Tjibijan Loknfjqnv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Jgvnfv cgb Bjvncvnv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >=

Vnfjlg QJ; A~niv Rrnc`ng J`xcfv) @jjdcjlg) cgb @lgjlrjgd'''''''''''''''''''''''''' 13

@lrcijz ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 13Jgvnfv cgb Bjvncvnv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1?Mcojc''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16Bncb Tllb ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1>Vljiv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1>

V`len ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 14Fcrolg''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1=@cvjfcjlg'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1:@lgjlrjgd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 48Ij`jcjlgv cgb N}c`xinv la Lqnrfl`jgd Rmn`''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4?

Vnfjlg QJJ; Fl`xrnmngvjqn @cgcdn`ng Xrjgfjxinv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4>

Ajrn jg @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnvv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4>A~ni _nb~fjlg Rrnc`ngv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 41O~jibjgd Flgajbngfn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 41

Rrcgvanrrjgd Egltinbdn cgb @nglrjgd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 44Fliicolrcjlg''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4=A~~rn Bjrnfjlgv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4=

Cxxngbj} C Vxnfjnv Ijv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4:Cxxngbj} O _nanrngfnv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =8Cxxngbj} F Jgnrqjntv''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38>

q


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3

Vnfjlg J; Jgrlb~fjlg

Jg `cgz tnvnrg Glrm C`nrjfcg alrnvv) c flòjgcjlg la m~`cg jgai~ngfnv) jgfi~bjgd ajrnv~xxrnvvjlg) drc{jgd) jònr mcrqnvjgd) cgb mcojc arcd`ngcjlg oz rlcbv cgb fjjnv) mcqn

rnb~fnb mn arns~ngfz la ajrn' Alr vl`n nflvzvn`v) mnvn fmcgdnv mcqn xnr`jnb jgdrltm la`cgz v`cii rnnv) icrdn cff~`~icjlgv la bncb tllbz `cnrjci) cgb jgfrncvnb ml`ldngnjz laalrnv vr~f~rn c mn icgbvfcxn vfcin) nvfcicjgd mn mrnc la ~gfmcrcfnrjvjf mjdmvnqnrjz ajrnv'C mn vc`n j`n) mn g~ònr la xnlxin ijqjgd jg lr gncr mn alrnv mcv jgfrncvnb brc`cjfciiz'Rmn fliijbjgd rngbv la jgfrncvnb ajrn mrnc cgb `lrn xnlxin c rjve frncn c vrlgd `ljqcjlgalr a~ni rnb~fjlg rnc`ngv'

Rmjv d~jbn alf~vnv lg `j}nb flgjanralrnvv la mn Vl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb~xicgbv) mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez@l~gcjgv) mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) cgb mn

Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jgVl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc' Vnfjlg J bnajgnv`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv jg ncfm la mnvncrncv' Jg bjvf~vvjgd fl``lgcijjnv cfrlvvmnvn crncv) tn rnanr l mnvn alrnvv cv`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' Vnfjlg JJ bncivn}ngvjqniz tjm ajrn rndj`nv jg `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv' Ajrn rndj`nv jg `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv crn `lrn qcrjnb jgarns~ngfz cgb vnqnrjz mcg jg xlgbnrlvcxjgn lr ilgdinca xjgn -rnanr l Cxxngbj} Calr vfjngjajf gc`nv la vxnfjnv ijvnb jg mnn}*' Jg `lv `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) cac`jijcr vn la jgai~ngfnv mcv rnb~fnb mnarns~ngfz la ajrn; rnb~fnb cgmrlxldngjfo~rgjgd) naanfjqn ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg) alrnv`cgcdn`ng) cgb rnb~fnb alrnvflggnfjqjz onfc~vn la rlcbv cgb fjjnv'@j}nb flgjanr alrnvv ngb l on bngvnrmcg mnz mcb onng ~gbnr mjvlrjf ajrnrndj`nv) cgb mn xrlxlrjlg la vmcbnlinrcg vxnfjnv v~fm cv tmjn ajr mcv jgfrncvnb brc`cjfciiz) tjm vxnfjnv v~fm cv xlgbnrlvc xjgncgb cvxng bnfijgjgd jg bl`jgcgfn' Cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv cgb alrnv bngvjajfcjlg fl`xl~gb mnj`xcf la lmnr vrnvvnv) v~fm cv cjr xlii~jlg) jgvnfv) cgb bjvncvn' Rmn j`xcf la cg cinrnb ajrnrndj`n qcrjnv oz vjn fmcrcfnrjvjfv cgb jv bnvfrjonb jg bncji jg Vnfjlg JJ'

VnxmngvIco^gjqnrvjzlaFc

ijalrgjcOnreninz


Jg rnvxlgvn l mn gndcjqn cvxnfv la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) `cgcdnrv crnjgfrncvjgd mn j`xin`ngcjlg la c tjbn rcgdn la a~niv rnc`ng xrcfjfnv' Rmn loknfjqnv alra~niv rnc`ng crn cv qcrjnb cv mn alrnvv mn`vniqnv) cgb rnc`ngv lang flòjgn `~ijxinloknfjqnv' Vnfjlg JJJ bjvf~vvnv rnc`ng loknfjqnv v~fm cv tjibajrn mc{crb rnb~fjlg)


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nflildjfci rnvlrcjlg) cgb fl``nrfjci rnqng~n' Loknfjqnv crn brjqng ngjrniz oz m~`cg gnnbvcgb bnvjrnv cgb vl bjaanr oz icgbltgnr cgb icgb ~vn' Vjgfn c tjbn rcgdn la `cgcdnrv cgb lmnrvflgrjo~nb l mjv d~jbn) mn a~niv rnc`ng xrcfjfnv mnz bjvf~vv cgb mn invvlgv mnz vmcrn crnbrjqng oz c tjbn rcgdn la icgb `cgcdn`ng loknfjqnv' _ndcrbinvv la mn loknfjqnv) a~nivrnc`ng xrcfjfnv alf~v lg rnb~fjgd rnn bngvjjnv) v~racfn a~ni ilcbv) icbbnr a~niv) cgb mn

flgjg~jz la rnn frltgv' Rmjggjgd cgb xrnvfrjonb ajrn) mn tl `cjg lliv alr fmcgdjgd alrnvvr~f~rnv) crn lang ~vnb jg flòjgcjlg' Rmnvn cv tnii cv lmnr xrcfjfnv) v~fm cv `cvjfcjlg)crn n}xicjgnb jg Vnfjlg JQ'

Vnfjlg Q cbbrnvvnv olm mn naanfjqngnvv la bjaanrng a~niv rnc`ng nfmgjs~nv cgb mnjgndrcjlg la tjibijan cgb alrnv mncim jvv~nv jgl mlvn rnc`ngv' Jg `lv `j}nb flgjanralrnvv) mjggjgd mc rncv olm mn fcglxz cgb ~gbnrvlrz -frltg cgb ilt mjggjgdv* flòjgnbtjm xrnvfrjonb ajrn jv `lv naanfjqn c rnb~fjgd tjibajrn mc{crb' Lmnr rnc`ngv fcg civlnaanfjqniz fmcgdn ajrn onmcqjlr) cgb `cjgngcgfn la rnc`ngv jv fr~fjci l v~vcjg mlvnfmcgdnv' @cgcdnrv `~v flgvjbnr mn j`xcfv la rnc`ngv onzlgb mnjr naanf lg a~niv' @j}nbflgjanr alrnvv crn ml`n l mrncngnb cgb ngbcgdnrnb vxnfjnv) v~fm cv vxlnb ltiv) mc rns~jrn

xcrjf~icr cngjlg' Vj`jicriz) olm gcjqn cgb n}ljf jgvnfv cgb bjvncvnv fcg jgai~ngfn a~nivrnc`ng xicggjgd'

Vnfjlg QJ flqnrv mn j`xcfv la a~nivrnc`ng) `lgjlrjgd) cgb `jjdcjlg'@lgjlrjgd jv fr~fjci alr olm jbngjazjgd~gbnvjrcoin j`xcfv cgb blf~`ngjgdnaanfjqn rnc`ngv' Ns~ciiz j`xlrcg crn`jjdcjlg nfmgjs~nv alr mn ~gbnvjrcoinj`xcfv la a~niv rnc`ng' Rmn ajgci vnfjlg)Vnfjlg QJJ) xrlqjbnv cg jgndrcjlg la`cgcdn`ng xrjgfjxinv alr a~niv rnc`ng jg`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv'

Rmn trjjgd la mjv d~jbn tcv jgjjcnb oz mnKljg Ajrn Vfjngfn Xrldrc` -KAVX* lvzgmnvj{n n}jvjgd jgalr`cjlg jg c alr` mcjv ~vna~i l icgb `cgcdnrv' Rmjv d~jbn) tmjfmalf~vnv lg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) tcvflgfnjqnb cgb trjng l fl`xin`ngCFl`xrnmngvjqn D~jbn l A~niv Rrnc`ng

Xrcfjfnv alr Xlgbnrlvc Xjgn jg mn Oicfe

Mjiiv) Flilrcbl Arlg _cgdn) cgb Vl~mtnv

-M~gnr n ci' ?884*) Vzgmnvjv la Egltinbdnla Mc{crbl~v A~niv @cgcdn`ng jg Iloiliiz

Xjgn Alrnvv -@crvmcii n ci' ?88=*) cgbCFl`xrnmngvjqn D~jbn l A~niv Rrnc`ng

Xrcfjfnv alr @j}nb Flgjanr jg mn Glrmnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv -Occdcijc n ci'Jg xrnxcrcjlg*'Rl xrlqjbn flgvjvngfz cfrlvv d~jbnv) tn mcqn ~vnb nvvngjciiz mn vc`n alr`c cgb lrdcgj{cjlgcv mn lmnr d~jbnv' Ijen mn lmnr KAVX a~niv rnc`ng d~jbnv) tn mcqn flòjgnb cg n}mc~vjqn

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9/112


rnqjnt la x~oijvmnb vfjngjajf ijnrc~rn lg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv tjm jgnrqjntv tjm `cgcdnrv)~vjgd c nc` la rnvncrfmnrv arl` mn Alrnv D~jib) mn ^gjqnrvjz la Fcijalrgjc Onreninz) cgb mn^'V' Alrnv Vnrqjfn'

C fngrci dlci alr mjv d~jbn tcv l fliinf cgb vzgmnvj{n mn n}jvjgd xnnrrnqjntnb ijnrc~rn

lg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' Rl mc ngb) tn mcqn cn`xnb l frncn c fl`xrnmngvjqn rnanrngfn ijvmc fcg vnrqn cv c rnvl~rfn alr mlvn vnnejgd `lrn bncjinb jgalr`cjlg lg c xcrjf~icr lxjf'Ns~ciiz j`xlrcg jv mn jgalr`cjlg dcmnrnb arl` bl{ngv la jgnrqjntv tjm `cgcdnrv arl` ciimn bjaanrng `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv jg mjv d~jbn' L~r jgnrqjntv jgfi~bnb c tjbn rcgdn la`cgcdnrv cgb rnvncrfmnrv arl` anbnrci icgb `cgcdn`ng cdngfjnv) Gcjqn C`nrjfcg rjonv) vcnalrnvrz cdngfjnv) ~gjqnrvjjnv) xrjqcn jgb~vrz) cgb glgdlqnrg`ngci lrdcgj{cjlgv' Tmjin mn`cgcdnrv tn vxlen tjm bjb gl cdrnn lg nqnrz cvxnf la `j}nb flgjanr `cgcdn`ng) jg `cgzfcvnv c flgvngv~v n`nrdnb' Cxxngbj} F xrlqjbnv c a~ii ijv la mn xnlxin tjm tml` tn vxlen'Rmnjr n}xnrjngfn) jgvjdmv) s~nvjlgv) cgb rnfl``ngbcjlgv) jg fl`ojgcjlg tjm x~oijvmnbvfjngfn) jgalr`nb l~r rnfl``ngbcjlgv alr `cgcdn`ng xrcfjfnv alr rnvlrcjlg cgb a~nivrnc`ng jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv'

Bnajgjgd @j}nb Flgjanr

Rmn ajrv fmciingdn jg bnvfrjojgd a~niv rnc`ng xrnvfrjxjlgv cgb nfmgjs~nv alr `j}nb flgjanralrnvv jv mc `j}nb flgjanr jv bjaajf~i l bnajgn' Rmn nr` `j}nb flgjanr jv ~vnb alr alrnvvcilgd c orlcb flgjg~~` la fij`cjf {lgnv cgb jgfi~bnv `cgz bjaanrng cvvn`oicdnv la vxnfjnv-Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' ^gijen alrnvv bl`jgcnb oz c vjgdin vxnfjnv) `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcqnbjaanrng flgvj~ngv) tmjfm jg ~rg frncn qcrzjgd vr~f~rnv cgb vxcjci xcnrgv' Tmjin alrnvvmrl~dml~ mn tnvnrg ^'V' crn iconinb `j}nb flgjanr) mjv vzgmnvjv alf~vnv lg Fcijalrgjc)Crj{lgc) ^cm) Gnt @n}jfl) Flilrcbl) cgb Tzl`jgd' Rmnrnalrn) l~r bnajgjjlg la `j}nb

flgjanr jv jnb l vxnfjajf crncv; Vl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv) mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg_lfez @l~gcjgv) mn ncvnrg cgb tnvnrg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) cgb mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr_cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc' Jg mnvn crncv tn alf~v lg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mc jgfi~bnxlgbnrlvc cgb Knaarnz xjgn5 mltnqnr) tn tjii gl jgfi~bn xlgbnrlvc xjgn vcgbv mc crn ll mllr ll brz l v~xxlr `j}nb flgjanr alrnv'

@cgz `cgcdnrv ornce `j}nb flgjanr jgl `lrn vxnfjajf v~ozxnv' Cii alrnv zxn bnijgncjlgv crnm~`cgj`xlvnb orncev jg cg nflildjfci flgjg~~`' Mltnqnr) alr `cgcdn`ng x~rxlvnv j jvqnrz ~vna~i l mcqn rnicjqniz ml`ldngl~v crncv tmnrn c xrnvfrjxjlg fcg on j`xin`ngnb'@j}nb flgjanr alrnvv flqnr c vxnfr~` la vjn flgbjjlgv) arl` tcr`) brz xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvvl tn) flib vxr~fnajr alrnvv'@cgz `cgcdnrv ornce mjv flgjg~~` jgl c tcr`brz `j}nb

flgjanr zxn cgb c flli`ljv `j}nb flgjanr zxn) cv bnvfrjonb jg Rcoin 3'

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10/112


2

Rcoin 3 V~objqjvjlgv la @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnvv -V`jm n ci' ?88=*

Alrnv Rzxn Ajrn _ndj`n Ncriz Vnrci Vxnfjnv Icn Vnrci Vxnfjnv

Tcr`Brz@j}nb Flgjanr

_nicjqniz arns~ng,ilt l `lbnrcnjgngvjz

Xlgbnrlvc xjgn tjmv~obl`jgcgcvxng cgb,lr lce

Xlgbnrlvc xjgn tjmv~obl`jgcgBl~dicvajr) tmjnxjgn) lr ij`onr xjgn

Flli@ljv@j}nb Flgjanr

_nicjqniz jgarns~ng,jgngvjz qcrjcoinarl` ilt l mjdm

Cvxng lr Bl~dicvajr Tmjn ajr cgb oi~nvxr~fn

Vl`n `cgcdnrv ajgb `lrn vxnfjajf xicg cvvlfjcjlg bnijgncjlgv ~vna~i alr xrlknfj`xin`ngcjlg cgb xrnbjfjgd rnc`ng naanfv' Alr n}c`xin) jg mn `l~gcjgv la vl~mnrgCrj{lgc `j}nb flgjanr fcg on orleng bltg jgl mcojc zxnv arl` mn Bl~dicvajr cgb tmjn ajrvnrjnv -@~ibcqjg n ci' 3::1*' Rmn ^'V' Alrnv Vnrqjfn Vl~mtnvnrg _ndjlg Alrnv Xicg

Cvvlfjcjlg D~jbn -^VBC Alrnv Vnrqjfn 3::4* xrlqjbnv mcojc bnvfrjxjlgv alr Crj{lgc cgbGnt @n}jfl ocvnb jg xcr lg mn tlre la @ljr cgb I~btjd -3:4:* cgb Cin}cgbnr cgbfliincd~nv -3:=2*' Lmnr c~mlrv mcqn x~oijvmnb vj`jicr mcojc zxnv alr mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc-Ajnv 3::6* cgb mn Fngrci _lfez @l~gcjgv -Mlaa`cg cgb Cin}cgbnr 3:=8) 3:=6*' Onfc~vnvl`n la mnvn mcojc d~jbnv crn l~ la xrjg cgb bjaajf~i l cffnvv) gnt jgnrgnocvnb nflildjfcimcojc bnvfrjxjlgv) v~fm cv Gc~rnVnrqn N}xilrnr -ttt'gc~rnvnrqn'lrd,n}xilrnr,* -Knggjgdv nci' ?88:* lr mn Ajrn Naanfv Jgalr`cjlg Vzvn` -ttt'av'anb'~v,bccocvn,anjv,*) crn ~vna~i alr`cgcdnrv' Rmnrn crn vj`jicr bccocvnv c mn vcn inqni) v~fm cv mn Fcijalrgjc Gc~rci BjqnrvjzBccocvn -ttt'bad'fc'dlq,ojldnlbcc,fgbbo* cgb mn Fcijalrgjc Tjibijan Mcojc _nicjlgvmjxv-ttt'bad'fc'dlq,ojldnlbcc,ftmr,*' Lmnr lliv) v~fm cv ICGBAJ_N -ttt'icgbajrn'dlq*)xrlqjbn dnldrcxmjf bcc col~ ajrn rndj`n -_liijgv cgb Arc`n ?881*' ICGBAJ_N ojlxmzvjfci

vnjgdv bnvfrjxjlgv civl xrlqjbn nvj`cnv la mn bjvrjo~jlg la v~ffnvvjlg ficvvnv -j'n') vcgbbnqnilx`ng vcdnv* tjmjg ncfm alrnv zxn' Alr n}c`xin) mn ICGBAJ_N bnvfrjxjlg laVl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjg @nvjf @lgcgn @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnv nvj`cnv mc mjvlrjfciiz mnncriz bnqnilx`ng vcdn flqnrnb 38 xnrfng la mn crnc) mn `jb bnqnilx`ng vcdn flqnrnb 18xnrfng) cgb mn icn bnqnilx`ng vcdn 68 xnrfng' Rmjv bjvrjo~jlg la bnqnilx`ng vcdnv jvcglmnr n}c`xin la mn mnnrldngnjz la xrnvnin`ng `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv'

Rrnn vxnfjnv al~gb jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv n}mjoj c tjbn rcgdn la linrcgfn l vmcbn cgb iltvnqnrjz ajrn5 mnvn rcjv crn lang rnicnb' Rmlvn vxnfjnv cbcxnb l nvcoijvm cgb drlt jg iltijdm flgbjjlgv onilt lmnr rnnv lang mcqn mjg ocre cgb crn ncvjiz ejiinb oz ajrn' Rml~dmvxnfjnv fcg lang nvcoijvm cgb drlt jg c rcgdn la flgbjjlgv) Ajd~rn 3 xrlqjbnv c mn~rjvjf qjnt

la mnjr rnicjqn linrcgfn alr vmcbn cgb ajrn -O~rgv cgb Mlgecic 3::8*' Cvxng jv mcrb l xicfn lgmjv flgjg~~`) vjgfn j jv jglinrcg l vmcbn cgb rndngnrcnv tnii canr ajrn) o~ j jv civlv~vfnxjoin l ajrn'
http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddbhttp://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cwhr/http://www.landfire.gov/http://www.landfire.gov/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cwhr/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddbhttp://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/


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Ajd~rn 3 _nicjqn vmcbn cgb ajrn linrcgfn la fl``lg rnn vxnfjnv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv -O~rgv cgb

Mlgecic 3::8*

Vl~mtnvnrg Xicnc~v cgb ^xicgbv

Rmn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl drlt c ninqcjlgv la =)888 l 38)888 anncgb c iltnr ninqcjlgv lg glrmacfjgd vilxnv cgb jg fcgzlgv -_lgfl n ci' 3:=6) BjfeXnbbjn3::6*' Dngnrciiz) `j}nb flgjanr jv vj~cnb ontnng xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv cgb vxr~fnajr alrnvvlg cg ninqcjlgci drcbjng' Xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv crn ll ml cgb brz l v~xxlr `j}nb flgjanrvxnfjnv) tmjin vxr~fnajr alrnvv lff~xz flibnr vjnv' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Vl~mtnvnrgxicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv crn lang orleng ~x jgl tcr`brz cgb flli`ljv zxnv -Rcoin 3*' Rmn`lv fl``lg vxnfjnv jg mn tcr`brz zxn jgfi~bn xlgbnrlvc xjgn) Bl~dicvajr) tmjn ajr) oi~nvxr~fn) ij`onr xjgn) vl~mtnvnrg tmjn xjgn)

Dc`oni lce) cgb lffcvjlgciiz cvxng) tmjin mnflli`ljv zxn fcg civl jgfi~bn Ngdni`cggvxr~fn) v~ocixjgn ajr) cgb flreocre ajr -Klgnv3:42*' Rmn tcr`brz zxn ngbv l on lg iltnrninqcjlgv lr vl~macfjgd vilxnv cgb jv `lrn lxngmcg mn flli`ljv zxn' Mjvlrjfciiz) mn tcr`brz zxn n}xnrjngfnb ilt l `lbnrcnjgngvjzajrnv arns~ngiz' Jg mn flli`ljv zxn) ajrnv tnrninvv arns~ng o~ dngnrciiz la c mjdmnr jgngvjzcgb vnqnrjz' Vnfjlg JJJ bjvf~vvnv olm mjvlrjfajrn rndj`n cv tnii cv fmcgdnv l mn ajrn rndj`n

cgb f~rrng flgbjjlgv' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvvflqnr icrdn crncv la mn Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv)Tmjn @l~gcjgv) @ldliilg _j`) Fm~vec@l~gcjgv) Ecjoco Xicnc~) cgb mn vez jvicgbalrnvv la mn Vjnrrc @cbrn Lffjbngci'

Cin}cgbnrNqcg

v

Vcg K~cg Gcjlgci Alrnv) Flilrcbl

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12/112


Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv

@j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv jgfi~bn Bl~dicvajr)xlgbnrlvc xjgn) cgb r~n ajrv cv fl``lg fl`xlgngv' Oi~n vxr~fn) cvxng) ilbdnxlin xjgn) cgb_lfez @l~gcjg k~gjxnr fcg on al~gb jg vl`n vcgbv -Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?888*' Rmn fl`xlvjjlgqcrjnv vjdgjajfcgiz tjm cvxnf; flli`ljv zxnv crn al~gb lg mn glrmacfjgd cvxnfv tmjin mntcr`brz zxn jv `lrn xrnqcing lg mn vl~macfjgd cvxnfv -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Jg cgn}c`xin arl` fngrci Flilrcbl) glrmacfjgd vcgbv mcb tjfn cv `cgz Bl~dicvajr rnnv mcgxlgbnrlvc xjgn) tmjin xlgbnrlvc xjgn bl`jgcnb jg mn vl~macfjgd vcgbv -Ec~a`cgg n ci'?888*' @j}nb flgjanr vcgbv jg mn Arlg _cgdn jgfi~bn ilbdnxlin xjgn cgb ijònr xjgn colqn=)888 ann -Ajd~rn ?* -M~fecoz n ci' ?886*' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvv drcbn jgl lmnr alrnv zxnvtmnrn c xnrvjvng vgltxcfe vcrv) ontnng :)888 cgb 38)888 ann -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Vcgbvjg mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv mcqn onng vmcxnb oz jgvnfv) v~fm cv mn 3:=8vtnvnrg vxr~fn o~btlr` l~ornce mc ejiinb c icrdn g~ònr la Bl~dicvajr rnnv -Ec~a`cgg nci' ?888*' Jgvnf bzgc`jfv cgb ajrn rndj`nv alr mjv rndjlg crn cbbrnvvnb jg Vnfjlg JJJ' @j}nbflgjanr alrnvv crn al~gb jg mn Vcgdrn bn Frjvl @l~gcjgv) Kn`n{ @l~gcjgv) Vcg K~cg@l~gcjgv) Vctcfm _cgdn) cgb mn Arlg _cgdn'

Ajd~rn ? Qndncjlg fl``~gjjnv lg cg ninqcjlgci drcbjng jg mn Arlg _cgdn) Flilrcbl' Ninqcjlgv vmltg

jg ann -M~fecoz cgb n ci' ?886*'

Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

Bnvfrjxjlgv la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv jg Fcijalrgjc mcqn qcrjnb mjvlrjfciiz -Vctznr cgb EnninrTlia 3::>*' Rmn alrnv zxn jv civl rnanrrnb l cv iltnr `lgcgn alrnv cgb ~xxnr `lgcgnalrnv -qcg Tcdngblge cgb Vmcaanr ?881*' Rmn xmrcvn `j}nb flgjanr dngnrciiz bnvfrjonv`lgcgn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc cgb Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc alrnvv tjm cv `cgz cv ajqn bjaanrng flgjanrvxnfjnv) o~ `cz mcqn cv ant cv tl la mnvn vxnfjnv cv fcglxz flbl`jgcgv' @j}nb flgjanrvcgbv crn ~v~ciiz fmcrcfnrj{nb oz c flòjgcjlg la xlgbnrlvc xjgn) v~dcr xjgn) tmjn ajr)

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jgfngvn fnbcr) cgb Bl~dicvajr' Xlgbnrlvc xjgn cgb jgfngvn fnbcr bl`jgcn jg tcr`nr vjnv-iltnr ninqcjlg cgb vl~m cvxnf* tmjin tmjn ajr bl`jgcnv lg fllinr cgb tnnr vjnv -mjdmnrninqcjlg cgb glrm cvxnf* -Mni`v 3:=8*' Fcgzlg ijqn lce) oicfe lce) djcg vns~ljc) cgb Knaarnzxjgn crn fl``lg vxnfjnv jg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) tmjin ilbdnxlin xjgn cgb cvxnglff~r invv arns~ngiz) lang jg crncv tjm mjdm tcnr coinv lr jg flib cjr brcjgcdnv -Djii cgb

Rczilr ?88:*' V~dcr xjgn jv jgbjfcjqn la `nvjf) mjdms~cijz vjnv) Knaarnz xjgn la ~xxnrninqcjlgv cgb vnrxngjgn vljiv) cgb Fcijalrgjc rnb ajr la mn mjdmnv ninqcjlgv tjmjg mn alrnvzxn -Mni`v 3:=8*' _nb~fnb xrnfjxjcjlg lg mn ncvnrg vilxnv la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `ncgv mn`j}nb flgjanr oni jv mjdmnr jg ninqcjlg' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc flqnr icrdncrncv) arl` mn Eic`cm _cgdnv jg mn glrm l Enrg Fl~gz jg mn vl~m) cgb fcg on cv ilt cv6)888 lr lqnr 4)888 ann jg ninqcjlg -Mni`v 3:=8*'

Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc

Jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc) mn `j}nb flgjanr jv fl``lg jg `l~gcjgv la mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgbXngjgv~icr _cgdnv cgb xlrjlgv la glrmnrg Ockc Fcijalrgjc' Rmn Rrcgvqnrvn _cgdnv r~g ncv

tnv cgb jgfi~bn mn Vcg Dcorjni cgb Vcg Onrgcrbjgl @l~gcjgv' Rmn Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jgfi~bnmn Vcgc Cgc @l~gcjgv) Vcg Kcfjgl @l~gcjgv) @l~g Xcil`cr) mn Icd~gc @l~gcjgv) VjnrrcK~rn{) cgb Vjnrrc Vcg Xnbrl @rjr -VVX@* cgb r~g vl~mncvglrmtnv -@jggjfm 3:=6*' @j}nbflgjanr alrnvv jg mnvn `l~gcjg rcgdnv fcg on al~gb lg ninqcjlgv ontnng 2)>88 cgb =)>88 ann-@jggjfm n ci' 3::>*' Xlgbnrlvc xjgn) Knaarnz xjgn) tmjn ajr) jgfngvnfnbcr) cgb ojdflgnBl~dicvajr crn fl``lg) o~ lmnr vxnfjnv) v~fm cv tnvnrg k~gjxnr) civl lff~r' OjdflgnBl~dicvajr `cz on xrnvng jg mjv vl~mnriz vcgb `j} jgvncb la Bl~dicvajr) cgb Knaarnz xjgntjii cen c `lrn bl`jgcg rlin jg mnvn rcgdnv lg brz) rlfez vljiv -Rmlrgn 3:44*' Knaarnz xjgn jvn}ngvjqn lg mjdmnr ninqcjlgv jg mn ncvnrg mcia la mn Vcg Onrgcrbjgl `l~gcjgv) xcrjf~icrizlg vl~mnrg cvxnfv cgb jg ocvjgv -@jggjfm n ci' 3::>*'

Mnnrldngnjz cgb Vxcjci Vfcin

Jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) mcojc zxnv crn jgnr`jgdinb jg rnicjqniz v`cii crncv) v~fm cvlxxlvjgd cvxnfv la mn vc`n mjiivjbn' C mn icgbvfcxn vfcin) tcr`brz cgb flli`ljv `j}nbflgjanr zxnv jgnr`jgdin l xrnvng c `lvcjf la vr~f~rnv' Lgn la mn j`xlrcg fmcgdnv vjgfnN~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcv onng mn jgfrncvnb ml`ldngnjz lavr~f~rn c mn icgbvfcxn vfcin -cv jv bjvf~vvnb jg bncji jg Vnfjlg JJ*' @lrn ml`ldngnl~v`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv fcg acfjijcn icrdnr) mjdmvnqnrjz ajrnv -_l``n n ci' ?886) @jiinr n ci'?88:*' Rmn Gcjlgci Alrnv xicg rnqjvjlgv jg mn Vl~mtnv tjii flgvjbnr mrnn vfcinv; ajgn) `jb)cgb icgbvfcxn' Rmn ajgn vfcin cbbrnvvnv mn bjvrjo~jlg la jgbjqjb~ci rnnv tjmjg c vcgb) j'n')vjgdin) drl~xnb) lr cddrndcnv la drl~xv' @jbvfcin jv c ~gj la 388 l 3)888 cfrnv cgb mcvrnicjqniz ml`ldngnl~v ojlxmzvjfci flgbjjlgv' Icgbvfcxn jv cg cvvn`oicdn la `jbvfcin ~gjv)zxjfciiz fl`xlvnb la qcrjcoin ninqcjlgv) vilxnv) cvxnfv) vljiv) xicg cvvlfjcjlgv) cgbbjv~rocgfn xrlfnvvnv' Mnnrldngnjz jv j`xlrcg c ncfm la mnvn vfcinv' Alr n}c`xin) jgVl~mtnvnrg tcr`brz `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mnrn jv mnnrldngnjz c ajgn vfcin) tmnrn rnnvmjvlrjfciiz drnt jg jrrnd~icriz vmcxnb drl~xv v~rrl~gbnb oz lxngjgdv' Jg Vjnrrcg `j}nb flgjanralrnvv) qcrzjgd rnn bngvjz cfflrbjgd l xlngjci ajrn vnqnrjz naanfv lg vcgb vr~f~rn frncnvmnnrldngnjz tjmjg vcgbv -Glrm n ci' ?88:c*'

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A~ni rnb~fjlg rnc`ngv crn j`xin`ngnb c mn vcgb vfcin) o~ `~v aj tjmjg c icgbvfcxnxicg' Rmn icgbvfcxn flgn} la mnvn rnc`ngv jv fr~fjci l mnjr v~ffnvv jg `lbjazjgd tjibajrnonmcqjlr -Vfm`jb n ci' ?88=) @ldmcbbcv n ci' ?838) Fliijgv n ci'Jg xrnvv*' Alr n}c`xin) jglgn `lbninb icgbvfcxn) vrcndjfciiz xicfnb a~ni rnc`ngv -VXICRv* lg 38 xnrfng la mnicgbvfcxn rnv~inb jg `cklr rnb~fjlgv jg mn j`xcfv la tjibajrn -Cdnr n ci' ?838*' Rmn nr`

icgbvfcxn vfcin fcg on c`ojd~l~v5 dngnrciiz) j mcv fl`n l `ncg cg crnc la c incv >8)888 cfrnv-Ajggnz n ci' ?884) L`gjo~v X~oijf Icgb @cgcdn`ng Cf la ?88:) @ldmcbbcv n ci' ?838*'Icgbvfcxn xicggjgd jv xcrjf~icriz fmciingdjgd tmnrn ltgnrvmjx ol~gbcrjnv vxij alrnvv -Fliijgvcgb Vnxmngv ?838*' Vnfjlg JJJ bjvf~vvnv vrcndjnv alr a~niv rnc`ng xicggjgd cfrlvvk~rjvbjfjlgv' Gl lgiz bl alrnv cgb a~niv flgbjjlgv cgb rnvl~rfnv qcrz ontnng ltgnrvmjxv) o~a~niv rnc`ng xrjlrjjnv fcg bjaanr jg vfcin) jgngvjz) cgb ~rdngfz' Ij`jnb rnvl~rfnv alrfn`cgcdnrv l xrjlrjj{n rnc`ngv ocvnb lg icgb `cgcdn`ng cgb loknfjqnv' Alr n}c`xin)tjibicgb~rocgjgnracfn {lgnv -T^Jv* cgb tjibnrgnvv crncv crn `cgcdnb tjm qnrz bjaanrngloknfjqnv5 mngfn) a~niv rnc`ng xrjlrjjnv cgb xrcfjfnv tjii on bjaanrng cv tnii'

Cin}cgbnrNq

cgv

Vcgc An Gcjlgci Alrnv) Gnt @n}jfl

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15/112


:

Vnfjlg JJ; Ajrn cgb A~niv Jvv~nv

F~rrng flgbjjlgv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv crn c xrlb~f la ngqjrlg`ngci flgbjjlgv) m~`cg~vn cgb `cgcdn`ng la mn icgb) cgb ajrn' Rmjv vnfjlg jv bnvjdgnb l xrlqjbn `cgcdnrv c orjna

ocfedrl~gb lg mn jgai~ngfnv mc mcqn mnixnb frncn mn flgbjjlgv jg tmjfm mnz j`xin`nga~niv rnc`ngv' Civl) xcv flgbjjlgv xrlqjbn c ocvnijgn alrnv rnanrngfn alr rnc`ngv tmjfmcj` l rnvlrn mncimz alrnv vr~f~rnv cgb xrlfnvvnv'

Xcv Icgb ^vn cgb @cgcdn`ng Cfjqjjnv


Gcjqn xnlxinv mcqn `cbn mnjr ml`nv jg mn Vl~mtnv alr `lrn mcg 3?)888 zncrv5 b~rjgd mnicv 3)888 zncrv mnjr g~`onrv mcqn onng icrdn -Ciing ?88?*' Gcjqn C`nrjfcg xlx~icjlgv

ai~f~cnb lqnr vxcfn cgb j`n) cv bjb mnjr j`xcf lg alrnvv -Bcm`v cgb Dnjiv 3::4*' GcjqnC`nrjfcgv ~vnb `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv alr rnvl~rfn n}rcfjlg v~fm cv m~gjgd lr a~ni tllbrn`lqci) o~ onfc~vn `lv vnin`ngv tnrn c iltnr ninqcjlgv ajrn jdgjjlg tcv ijeniz mnjricrdnv j`xcf' Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv o~rgnb alrnvv jg mn Vl~mtnv l cfmjnqn c rcgdn laloknfjqnv) v~fm cv m~gjgd) frlx `cgcdn`ng) jgfrncvnb xicg zjnib) xnv `cgcdn`ng) ajrnmc{crb rnb~fjlg) cgb tcracrn -Fllxnr 3:18) Ciing ?88?) Vntcr n ci' ?88?*' Alr n}c`xin)Cxcfmnv `cz mcqn fmcgdnb ajrn arns~ngfjnv cgb vncvlgcijz la ajrn mrl~dm mnjr o~rgjgd jg mnFmjrjfcm~c @l~gcjgv) Lrdcg @l~gcjgv) cgb Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv b~rjgd vl`n xnrjlbv-Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg ?886*' Rmn lmnrvl~rfn la ajrn jdgjjlg jg mn Vl~mtnvtcv ijdmgjgd) tmjfm jv qnrz fl``lg jg

mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mnVl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv-Ocrrltv 3:4=*' Alr n}c`xin) jg mnvl~mnrg Crj{lgc `l~gcjgv) ijdmgjgd fcgjdgjn `lrn mcg ajqn ajrnv xnr vs~crn `jinxnr zncr -Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg ?886*'Ciml~dm Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv `cz mcqncinrnb `j}nb flgjanr alrnv vr~f~rn jg cant xicfnv alr vl`n xnrjlbv) c mnicgbvfcxn vfcin mnjr j`xcf lg nflildjfcixrlfnvv tcv ijeniz v`cii -Ciing ?88?*)ciml~dm rnvncrfm jv gl flgfi~vjqn lg mjvxljg -Ecz ?884*' _ndjlgci fij`cnbrjqnrv v~fm cv Ni GjlVl~mnrgLvfjiicjlg -NGVL5 Ni Gjl cgb Ic Gjccrn n}rn`n xmcvnv la mjv vzvn`* civlbnnr`jgnb ajrn lff~rrngfn jg `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcgvnin`ng -Orltg n ci' ?883*'

@creV'

@lce

Ijdmgjgd vlr`) Ojnrrll Gcjlgci Alrnv) Jbcml


16/112


Rmn vr~f~rn cgb vxnfjnv fl`xlvjjlg jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv fmcgdnb drnciz b~rjgd mn ?8m

fng~rz' Cv jv fl``lg cfrlvv tnvnrg alrnvv) `cgz `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv crn bngvnr mcg mnztnrn onalrn cfjqn ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg naalrv -Bcm`v cgb Dnjiv 3::4*' B~rjgd mn icn 3=88v mnxlx~icjlg la N~rlC`nrjfcg vninrv jgfrncvnb brc`cjfciiz' Rmnjr icgb `cgcdn`ng xrcfjfnv)

tmjfm jgfi~bnb ilddjgd) ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg) rlcb o~jibjgd) cgb ijqnvlfe drc{jgd) mcqn fmcgdnb`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv -Fllxnr 3:18) Flqjgdlg cgb @llrn 3::2o) Izgfm n ci' ?888*' @jiijlgvla vmnnx drc{nb jg Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl jg mn icn 3=88v) cgb mnz rnb~fnb mnrocfnl~vflqnr jg `cgz crncv -Fllxnr 3:18) Vcqcdn cgb Vtngc` 3::8) Ciing ?88?*' Tmjin drc{jgd tcvinvv j`xlrcg jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) rnb~fjlg la a~niv cgb v~racfn ajrn jg xlgbnrlvc xjgnalrnvv tl~ib mcqn rnb~fnb ajrnv jg mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv ~xvilxn' Rml~dm j jv vjii j`xlrcgjg vl`n crncv) vmnnx drc{jgd mcv bnfijgnb vjdgjajfcgiz vjgfn mn icn 3=88v lg c rndjlgci inqni'Fcin drc{jgd rn`cjgv cg j`xlrcg icgb ~vn' Alr jgvcgfn) col~ 64>)888 fcin tnrn drc{nb jgGnt @n}jfl jg ?884 -Bcm`v cgb Dnjiv 3::4) ^VBC ?884*'

Cilgd tjm drc{jgd) N~rlC`nrjfcg vninrv orl~dm fl``nrfjci ilddjgd l mn Vl~mtnv'

Fl``nrfjci ilddjgd jgfrncvnb cv rcjirlcbv j`xrlqnb cffnvv cgb bn`cgb' Alr n}c`xin) icrdnvfcin jònr mcrqnv jg glrmnrg Crj{lgc n}xcgbnb tmng mn rcgvflgjgngci rcjirlcb rncfmnb mncrnc jg 3==? -A~i n ci' 3::4*' Nvcoijvm`ng la c rcjirlcb jgarcvr~f~rn ciiltnb alr jgfrncvjgdizjgngvn jònr mcrqnvjgd vzvn`v' Oz mn icnr mcia la mn ?8m fng~rz) alrnv vcinv arl` ^'V'Alrnv Vnrqjfn icgb tcv col~ 688 `jiijlg olcrb ann xnr zncr) la tmjfm =8 xnrfng tcv vctjònr -Klmgvlg 3::2*' Rjònr mcrqnvv arl` olm x~oijf cgb xrjqcn alrnvv jg Crj{lgc cgb Gnt@n}jfl xncenb jg col~ 3::8) tjm rl~dmiz 266 `jiijlg olcrb ann xnr zncr -Flqjgdlg ?886*'Canr mjv xnce) mcrqnvv bnfijgnb brc`cjfciiz b~n l mrncngnb cgb ngbcgdnrnb vxnfjnv mcojc`jjdcjlg) cxxnciv cgb ijjdcjlg la anbnrci jònr vcinv) cgb bnfijgjgd anbnrci o~bdnv -@lrdcg

IjorcrzlaFlgd

rnvv

_jl Drcgbn gcjlgci alrnv) Flilrcbl) vl`nj`n ontnng 3:6> cgb 3:2>

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n ci' ?881*' Rmn @n}jfcg vxlnb lti tcv ijvnb cv mrncngnb jg 3::6) xrl`xjgd c anbnrcik~bdn l vlx gnt jònr vcinv lg gcjlgci alrnvv jg Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl jg 3::>' Mcrqnvvlg gcjlgci alrnvv jg Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl brlxxnb arl` col~ 2?> `jiijlg olcrb ann jg3::8 l 2= `jiijlg olcrb ann jg 3::1 -@lrdcg n ci' ?881*' Jg 3::1 mn jònr mcrqnvjgdjgk~gfjlg tcv ijanb cgb oz 3::= gcjlgci alrnv jònr vcinv arl` Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl

tnrn c cxxrl}j`cniz :6 `jiijlg olcrb ann -@lrdcg n ci' ?881*'

Jg mn ncriz 3:88v) mn ^'V' Alrnv Vnrqjfn bnqnilxnb c xrj`crz `jvvjlg la v~xxrnvvjgd alrnvajrnv) cgb onfc`n qnrz v~ffnvva~i lqnr mn aliiltjgd bnfcbnv jg rnb~fjgd mn cfrnv o~rgnb jg mnVl~mtnv) jgfi~bjgd jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' Cg jgfrncvjgd m~`cg xlx~icjlg n}xcgbnb mnrlcb cgb rcji gntlre) tmjfm orlen mn flgjg~jz la a~niv cgb enx ajrnv arl` vxrncbjgd-Flqjgdlg cgb @llrn 3::2c) _nnb n ci' 3::1*' Rmn rlcb gntlre mcv civl j`xrlqnb cffnvv alrajrnajdmjgd -Bcm`v cgb Dnjiv 3::4*' C mn vc`n j`n) jgfrncvjgd xlx~icjlgv `ncg mc `cgz`lrn xnlxin cgb vr~f~rnv crn c rjve arl` ajrn jg mn tjibicgb jgnracfn -Vxzrclv n ci' ?884*'


Rmn _lfez @l~gcjgv mcqn c ilgd mjvlrz la m~`cg mcojcjlg) ml~dm xlx~icjlgv tnrn iltnrmcg jg mn Vl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv' Rrjonv v~fm cv mn ^n) Crcxcml) cgb KjfcrjiicCxcfmn ijeniz arns~ngnb mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn _lfez @l~gcjgv) ml~dm mnjrvnin`ngv tnrn xrlocoiz iltnr jg ninqcjlg -_jnovc`n n ci' 3::1) Ocenr ?88?*' GcjqnC`nrjfcgv jg mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv tnrn gl mn xrj`n brjqnrv la ajrn jg`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) onfc~vn la rnicjqniz ilt xlx~icjlgv) arns~ng ijdmgjgd vrjenv) cgb mnj`xlrcgfn la fij`cn cv c flgrli lg ajrn -Ocenr ?88?) Drjvvjgl@cznr n ci' ?882*' Rml~dm mnFngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv crn gl c mjdm ijdmgjgd crnc) mn g~ònr la ajrnv jdgjnboz ijdmgjgd jv vjii mjdm -Lrqjiin 3::2) [ckcf cgb _~inbdn ?883) Ocenr ?88?) Vnxmngv ?88>*'Rmn rnicjqniz ilt g~ònr la

ijdmgjgd vrjenv jg mn Glrmnrg_lfez @l~gcjgv `cz mcqnij`jnb ajrnv -Lrqjiin 3::2) [ckcfcgb _~inbdn ?883) Ocenr ?88?*'Mngfn jdgjjlgv oz GcjqnC`nrjfcgv `cz mcqn onng `lrnj`xlrcg jg mn glrmnrg _lfez@l~gcjgv'

IjorcrzlaFlgdrnvv

Jg mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez@l~gcjgv) fij`cn jv mn `cjg

brjqnr la ajrn jg `j}nb flgjanralrnvv' Zncrv tjm tcr`) brzvxrjgdv~``nr xnrjlbv crn vcvvlfjcnb tjm tjbnvxrnc-Onvvjn cgb Klmgvlg 3::>) Qn ci' ?888*' Alr n}c`xin) c ajqnzncr brl~dm flòjgnb tjm brjnrmcgcqnrcdn Ic Gjc flgbjjlgv

rlgdizb ajrn

noing

L~rcz) Flilrcbl) fjrfc 3:83

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tnrn j`xlrcg jg vnjgd mn vcdn alr mn ?88? Mcz`cg Ajrn -Vfmlnggcdni n ci' ?882*' Rmnrn jvcg cvvlfjcjlg ontnng vrlgd NGVL nqngv cgb tjbnvxrncb ajrn jg mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg_lfez @l~gcjgv -Qnoing n ci' ?888*'

Ciml~dm fij`cn mcv citczv onng c xrj`crz brjqnr la alrnv flgbjjlgv) m~`cg jgai~ngfn

jgfrncvnb canr mn `jb3=88v cv `jgjgd cgb mn Ml`nvncb Cf la 3=4? xrl`xnb jgfrncvnbvnin`ng jg mn rndjlg -_jnovc`n n ci' 3::1*' N}ngvjqn vmnnx cgb fcin drc{jgd rnb~fnb drcvvcgb alrov flqnr) c enz nin`ng alr jdgjjlgv cgb vxrncb la ajrn -Encgn n ci' ?88?*' @lv xrn3:88 ilddjgd jg mn rndjlg tcv alr c ij`jnb) ilfci `cren) o~ `crenv alr xrlb~fv v~fm cvrcjirlcb jnv drnt -L_l~ren 3:=8*' Jg vl`n alrnvv) ilddjgd jg mn 3=88v rn`lqnb `lv la mnicrdnr rnnv -Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?888) _l``n n ci' ?88:*' Ilddjgd tcv `lrn jgngvn jg mn `lrncffnvvjoin iltninqcjlg alrnvv -_l``n n ci' ?886*' Jg mn icn 3=88v) `j}nb flgjanr alrnvvtnrn n}ngvjqniz ilddnb cgb o~rgnb) tmjfm fc~vnb vzgfmrlgj{nb rndngnrcjlg cfrlvv icrdn crncv-_l``n n ci' ?886*' Rmn Tnnev Cf la 3:33 vjdgcinb mn vcr la fllrbjgcnb ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg)cgb oz mn 3:68v ml~vcgbv la xnlxin tnrn n`xilznb jg c tniilrdcgj{nb naalr l x~ l~ ajrnvjg mn _lfez @l~gcjgv -Encgn n ci' ?88?*' Rjònr xrlb~fjlg jg mn rndjlg jgfrncvnb mrl~dm

mn 3:=8v onalrn bnfijgjgd jg 3::8v cgb ?888v' Alr n}c`xin) Tzl`jgd jònr xrlb~fjlg tcvinvv mcg 388 `jiijlg olcrb ann ~gji mn `jb 3:>8v cgb xncenb jg 3:=4 c gncriz 688 `jiijlgolcrb ann -@lrdcg n ci' ?88>*' Cv tjm lmnr rndjlgv) mn flgrjo~jlg la gcjlgci alrnvv ljònr mcrqnv zjnibv mcv bnfrncvnb' Jg Flilrcbl) gcjlgci alrnvv xrlqjbnb :8 xnrfng la mnmcrqnvnb jònr qli~`n jg mn vcn alr 3:42 cgb jg ?88? mnz xrlqjbnb lgiz 6= xnrfng-@lrdcg n ci' ?881*' M~`cg bnqnilx`ng jg mn tjibicgb flgjg~nv l n}xcgb jg mn Fngrcicgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv) ml~dm x~oijf ltgnrvmjx ij`jv vl`n n}xcgvjlg jgl `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv -_jnovc`n n ci' 3::1*' _lcbv cgb lmnr bnqnilx`ng mcqn rnb~fnb alrnv xcfmvj{n -_nnb n ci' 3::1) _l``n n ci' ?886*'

Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

Ajrn mcv onng cg j`xlrcg brjqnr la mn vr~f~rn cgb fl`xlvjjlg la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc alrml~vcgbv la zncrv -@fEniqnz n ci' 3::1*' Rmn ajrv m~`cgv ondcg nvcoijvmjgd c incvn`xlrcrz fc`xv mnrn col~ 38)888 zncrv cdl5 mn ajrv xnr`cgng vnin`ngv bcn l col~6)?88 zncrv cdl -Xcrenr ?88?*' B~rjgd mc j`n) Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv o~rgnb) xr~gnb) vltnb)mcrqnvnb) cgb jiinb jg mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc -Cgbnrvlg cgb @lrcl 3::1) Cgbnrvlg ?88>*' Rrjonvjg mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) v~fm cv mn Tcvmnl) Tnvnrg @lgl) Xcj~n) cgb @jtle) ~vnb ajrn lngmcgfn allb xrlb~fjlg) xcrjf~icriz mc la cflrgv -Xcrenr ?88?) Cgbnrvlg ?88>*' GcjqnC`nrjfcg o~rgjgd ijeniz mcb c vrlgd jgai~ngfn lg alrnv vr~f~rn jg ilfcij{nb crncv tmnrnvnin`ngv tnrn `lv bngvn) v~fm cv Zlvn`jn lr Mnfm Mnfmz Qciinz) o~ mnjr jgai~ngfnxrlocoiz bnfrncvnb tjm ninqcjlg cgb lg mn ncvnrg vjbn la mn rcgdn -Xcrenr ?88?*'

Rmn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc mcv ant ijdmgjgd vrjenv fl`xcrnb l mn _lfez @l~gcjgv lr mnVl~mtnvantnr mng mcg tl aicvmnv xnr vs~crn `jin xnr zncr -Lrqjiin 3::2) [ckcf cgb_~inbdn ?883*' Mltnqnr) tncmnr vjii mcv cg j`xlrcg jgai~ngfn lg ajrn' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvvmcqn c @nbjnrrcgncg fij`cn tjm c xrlgl~gfnb brz v~``nr vncvlg) cgb rniz lg vgltxcfe alr`ljv~rn' NGVL tncmnr xcnrgv mnix bnnr`jgn mn bnxm la vgltxcfe cgb mngfn mn tcnrvrnvv la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv -Glrm n ci' ?88>*' Vjnrrc Gnqcbc brl~dm zncrv crn cvvlfjcnbtjm jgfrncvnb tjibajrn cfjqjz cgb icrdnr ajrnv -Oncz cgb Rczilr ?883) Tnvnrijgd n ci' ?886)

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Djii cgb Rczilr ?88:*' B~rjgd zncrv tmng fij`cn flgbjjlgv alr ajrn tnrn acqlrcoin) nqng cv`cii g~ònr la ijdmgjgd lr m~`cg jdgjjlgv tl~ib mcqn onng v~aajfjng l o~rg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv lg c rnd~icr ocvjv'

Rmn 3=2: dlib r~vm tcv c tcnrvmnb nqng

jg mn m~`cg mjvlrz la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc'M~gbrnbv la ml~vcgbv la gnt xnlxinfc`n l mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc l `jgn dlib'Oz mn icn 3=88v) `jgnrv vtjfmnb arl`rcbjjlgci xicfnr `jgjgd `nmlbv l mcrbrlfe cgb mzbrc~ijf ngdjgnnrjgd l n}rcfbnxlvjv -Onnvinz 3::1*' Mzbrc~ijf`jgjgd cinrnb vrnc` fmcggniv) fc~vnb`cvvjqn nrlvjlg) cgb `ljqcnb jònrmcrqnvjgd alr flgvr~fjlg -Onnvinz3::1*' Oz 3==8) 1=8 `jiijlg f~ojf zcrbv

la `cnrjci mcb onng tcvmnb jglFcijalrgjc rjqnrv cilgd mn tnvnrg vilxnla mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc arl` mzbrc~ijf`jgjgd -Onnvinz 3::1*' C mn vc`n j`n)`jiijlgv la olcrb ann la jònr tnrn f~alr mn `jgjgd jgb~vrz cgb alr ltgv jgmn Fngrci Qciinz tmnrn rcji flggnfjlgv

n}jvnb -Onnvinz 3::1*' @lv rcjirlcbv cgb rlcbv tnrn jg mn `lrn cffnvvjoin crncv la mnglrmnrg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) cgb mn rcji ijgnv mn`vniqnv flgv~`nb icrdn s~cgjjnv la tllb-Onnvinz 3::1*' Drc{jgd jg mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc n}xnrjngfnb c vmcrx jgfrncvn onfc~vn la c vnqnrnbrl~dm jg mn ncriz 3=18v) tmng vmnnx tnrn orl~dm l Vjnrrcg `ncbltv l nvfcxn mn brzFngrci Qciinz -Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg ?886*'

IjorcrzlaFlgdrnvv

Mzbrc~ijf `jgjgd gncr Arngfm Flrrci) GnqcbcFl~gz) Fcijalrgjc) 3=11

Xlx~icjlg cgb bnqnilx`ng jg mn Vjnrrc mcv jgfrncvnb brc`cjfciiz vjgfn mn ncriz 3=88v' Rmnxlx~icjlg la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc bl~oinb ontnng 3=18 cgb 3:18 cgb bl~oinb cdcjg ontnng3:48 cgb 3::8) l `lrn mcg tl `jiijlg -B~cgn 3::1*' Oz ?888) mnrn tnrn `lrn mcg 3>8ml~vcgb ml~vnv jg mn T^J la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc -Mc``nr n ci' ?884*' Rmn xlx~icjlg cgbT^J jg mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc jv ijeniz l flgjg~n drltjgd tjm mn rnv la mn vcn) tmjfm mcb cxlx~icjlg drltm la : xnrfng ontnng ?888 cgb ?88: -^'V' Fngv~v O~rnc~ ?838*'


Onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng) mn Gcjqn C`nrjfc xlx~icjlg jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc tcvfl`xcrcjqniz mjdm) cqnrcdjgd tl l njdm xnlxin xnr vs~crn `jin -Enninz ?88?*' Rml~dm `lvxnr`cgng vnin`ngv tnrn ilfcnb jg qciinzv cgb flcvci crncv) Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv ~vnb mn~xxnr ninqcjlg alrnvv n}ngvjqniz b~rjgd fnrcjg vncvlgv -@fOrjbn cgb Icqng 3:41) @jggjfm3:==*' @cgz la mn g~`nrl~v rjonv jg mn crnc o~rgnb alrnvv cgb rcgdnicgbv l j`xrlqn m~gjgdcgb allb xrlb~fjlg -Enninz ?88?*' Rmn jgai~ngfn la jgbjdngl~v o~rgjgd lg `j}nb flgjanralrnvv jg gl fnrcjg -@jggjfm n ci' 3::>*' Rmn lxxlr~gjz alr gc~rci jdgjjlg jv rnicjqniz iltonfc~vn mn g~ònr la ijdmgjgd vrjenv jg mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jv iltnr mcg jg

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lmnr rndjlgv -Lrqjiin 3::2) [ckcf cgb _~inbdn ?883*) ml~dm mn j`xlrcgfn la ijdmgjgdjdgjjlgv jgfrncvnb canr 3=88 jg mn vl~mnrg xcr la mjv rcgdn -Nqn n ci' ?884*' Mltnqnr)n}rn`n ajrn tncmnr) xcrjf~icriz mjdm tjgbv) fcg ngv~rn mc ajrnv vxrncb lqnr icrdn crncv-Enninz ?88=*' Nqjbngfn arl` nflildjfciiz vj`jicr `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv l mn vl~m v~ddnvvmc cgmrlxldngjf jdgjjlgv xicz cg j`xlrcg rlin jg `cjgcjgjgd c mjdm arns~ngfz la ajrn -Nqn

n ci' ?884*'

Ncriz flilgj{cjlg cgb`jvvjlgcrz naalrv rnb~fnbo~rgjgd oz Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv-Nqn n ci' ?884* cgb vcrnbc `cklr fmcgdn jg icgb ~vn-@jggjfm 3:==*' Cv `lrnN~rlC`nrjfcg vninrv`lqnb l mn crnc) ~vn la`j}nb flgjanr alrnv

rnvl~rfnv onfc`n `lrnjgngvn' Cii la mn `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv mc tnrntjmjg mn Fcijalrgjc rndjlgla mjv `l~gcjg rcgdn tnrnilddnb onalrn 3:88)xcrjf~icriz mlvn cffnvvjoinarl` mn Ilv Cgdninv crnc-@jggjfm 3:==*' Jg dngnrci)ilddjgd jg mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv tcv `~fm invv jgngvn mcg jg mn VjnrrcGnqcbc onfc~vn i~ònr tcv j`xlrnb arl` mn Xcfjajf Glrmtnv cgb mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc-@jggjfm ?884*' Drc{jgd ondcg jg mn rndjlg jg mn 3488v cilgd mn flcv) vxrncb jgicgb) cgb ozmn `jb 3=88v vlfejgd inqniv tnrn mjdm -Ocrlil`n 3:=:*' Olm fcin cgb vmnnx tnrn drc{nb jgmn alrnvv la mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv -@jggjfm n ci' 3::>*' Xlx~icjlg jg mnrndjlg mcv onng brc`cjf5 oz ?888 mnrn tnrn `lrn mcg ? `jiijlg ml`nv jg mn T^J la Vl~mnrgFcijalrgjcv `l~gcjgv cgb qciinzv -Mc``nr n ci' ?884*) o~ qnrz ant ml~vnv jg mn @n}jfcgxlrjlg la mjv rcgdn' Rmn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgb Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv mcqnonfl`n v~rrl~gbnb oz mjdm bngvjz xlx~icjlgv' Jg acf) `cgz la mn v~rrl~gbjgd fl~gjnv mcqnxlx~icjlg bngvjjnv la 688 xnlxin xnr vs~crn `jin -^'V' Fngv~v O~rnc~ ?838*'

^'V'DnlildjfciV~rqnzXmlldrcxmjfIjorcrz

Mliflò Qciinz) Vcg Onrgcrbjgl @l~gcjgv) Fcijalrgjc) 3:8>

Ajrn _ndj`nv cgb Mjvlrjf Flgbjjlgv

Mjvlrjf alrnv flgbjjlgv) cgb mn ajrn rndj`nv mc `cjgcjgnb mlvn flgbjjlgv) xrlqjbn c enzrnanrngfn xljg alr a~ni rnb~fjlg rnc`ng' C ajrn rndj`n jv bnajgnb oz mn arns~ngfz) n}ng)jgngvjz) vnqnrjz) cgb vncvlgcijz la ajrnv tjmjg cg nflvzvn` -Mni`v 3::=*' Arns~ngfz jv mng~ònr la zncrv ontnng ajrnv alr c xcrjf~icr crnc cgb n}ng bnajgnv mn crnc caanfnb oz mnajrn' Arns~ngfz jv lang rnxlrnb jg nr`v la mn `ncg ajrn rn~rg jgnrqci -@A_J*) j'n') mncqnrcdn j`n ontnng ajrnv ~gbnr c djqng ajrn rndj`n' Onfc~vn mn j`n ontnng ajrnv qcrjnv lqnrj`n cgb vxcfn) mn @A_J vml~ib on qjntnb cv c vgcxvml' C @A_J brctg arl` c ilgdnr j`ncgb icrdnr crnc la cgcizvjv jv dngnrciiz `lrn rlo~v' Rmnrnalrn) mn @A_J jv `lrn bjaajf~i l

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fcif~icn alr nflvzvn`v tjm invv arns~ng ajrnvonfc~vn c ilgdnr j`n vnrjnv jv gnnbnb l fcx~rnv~aajfjng ajrnv l nvj`cn cg cqnrcdn' Vfjngjajfxcxnrv civl rnxlr c `lrn flgvnrqcjqn @A_Jocvnb lg ajrnv mc crn rnflrbnb oz c incv ?>

xnrfng la mn rnnv jg mn v~bz crnc l mjdmijdmajrnv mc xrlocoiz mcb c drncnr nflildjfci naanflg mn vcgb -Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg ?886*' @lvv~bjnv ~vn bngbrlfmrlglildz) mn cgcizvjv lacgg~ci drltm rjgdv la rnnv l bcn xcv nqngv)l nvj`cn c @A_J' G~`nrl~v vl~rfnv bjvf~vvmn nfmgjs~nv cgb fmciingdnv la ~vjgdbngbrlfmrlglildz alr nvj`cjgd @A_J -n'd')Arjv cgb Vtngc` 3:=:) Vxnnr ?838) Vnxmngvn ci' ?838c*'

Cin}cgbnrNqcgv

Jgngvjz jv bnnr`jgnb oz mn rcn la mncrnincvnb oz mn aic`jgd arlg c c vxnfjajf j`n-Mni`v 3::=*' Jgngvjz jv mcrb l `ncv~rnonfc~vn j `~v on rnflrbnb b~rjgd mn ajrn' Jgflgrcv) vnqnrjz fcg on `ncv~rnb ocvnb lg mnj`xcf la mn ajrn lg xicgv cgb vlji' Vnqnrjz jvbnajgnb cv mn c`l~g c ajrn cinrv c vcgb5 j jv mnxrlb~f la ajrn jgngvjz) a~ni flgv~`xjlg) cgb

rnvjbngfn j`n -Mni`v 3::=*' Vnqnrjz jv lang ijgenb l rnn `lrcijz jg `j}nb flgjanr vzvn`v)tjm iltvnqnrjz ajrnv incqjgd `lv rnnv cijqn cgb mjdmvnqnrjz o~rgv ejiijgd `lv rnnv -@jiinrcgb Rmlbn ?884*'

Cgdlrc Ajrn) Icen Rcmln) Fcijalrgjc

@j}nb flgjanr alrnvv frncn tl `cjg fmciingdnv alr rnvncrfmnrv rzjgd l nvj`cn ajrnarns~ngfz; vxcjci mnnrldngnjz cgb `j}nb vnqnrjz' Cv bjvf~vvnb colqn) `cgz `j}nb flgjanralrnvv fmcgdn jg fl`xlvjjlg cgb vr~f~rn cfrlvv v`cii crncv' Rmnvn fmcgdnv jg vr~f~rn cgba~ni ilcbv fl`ojgn tjm lxldrcxmjf qcrjcjlg l xrlb~fn qcrjcjlg jg ajrn naanfv' Rmnj`xlrcgfn la vxcjci mnnrldngnjz cgb qcrjcjlgv jg ajrn vnqnrjz crn bncjinb alr ncfm rndjlgonilt' Rmn aliiltjgd bjvf~vvjlg la mjvlrjf ajrn rndj`nv alf~vnv lg mn xnrjlb onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg j``jdrcjlg caanfnb `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) jg `lv fcvnv onalrn mn `jb 3=88v'


Jg mn Vl~mtnv j jv ~vna~i l mjge la c flgjg~~` la flgbjjlgv) arl` mn tcr`brz `j}nbflgjanr vcgbv mc n}xnrjngfnb rnicjqniz arns~ng) iltvnqnrjz ajrn rndj`nv l mn flli`ljv`j}nb flgjanr vcgbv mcb c `j}nbvnqnrjz ajrn rndj`n -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Jg mn tcr`brzzxn rnicjqniz arns~ng ajrnv dngnrciiz inb l invv a~ni) invv bngvn flgbjjlgv) cgb v`cii xcfmnvla mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn' Jg mn flli`ljv zxn invv arns~ng ajrn ngbnb l rnv~i jg drncnr a~nio~jib~x) `lrn bngvn vcgbv) cgb icrdnr xcfmnv la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn' Rmjv xcnrg inb l icrdn)ml`ldngnl~v xcfmnv la `jb cgb icnvnrci alrnv vr~f~rn'

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Mjvlrjfciiz) ajrnv jg Vl~mtnvnrg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) xcrjf~icriz mn flli`ljv zxn) tnrninvv arns~ng cgb `lrn qcrjcoin mcg mlvn la xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv -Rl~fmcg n ci' 3::1*' Lgnrncvlg alr bnfrncvnb ajrn arns~ngfz jv mc jg xnrjlbv la mn zncr tmng ilt a~ni `ljv~rnv crnflgb~fjqn l ajrn vxrncb) ijdmgjgd lff~rv invv lang -Orltg n ci' ?883*' Alr n}c`xin) jg mnTmjn @l~gcjgv) m~gbnrvlr`v mc orjgd ijdmgjgd mc fl~ib jdgjn ajrnv ngb l brlx `lrn

rcjg lg ~xxnr ninqcjlg `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv mcg iltnr ninqcjlg xlgbnrlvc xjgn vcgbv-Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' Mltnqnr) ajrnv jg iltnr ninqcjlg xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnv vl`nj`nv vxrncbmrl~dm cbkcfng `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' Alr n}c`xin) jg lgn tcnrvmnb) ml~dm lgiz ?2 xnrfngla ajrnv jg xlgbnrlvc xjgn vxrncb jgl `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) mlvn ajrnv `cbn ~x mn `cklrjz laajrnv jg mn `j}nb flgjanr vcgb -@crdlijv cgb Oci`c ?88:*' Jg mn Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv mnrnjv c mjdmnr ajrn arns~ngfz lg mn vnnxnr tnv vjbn mcg lg mn ncv vjbn) tmjfm mcv c `lrn drcb~civilxn -Orltg n ci' ?883*'

Vxrjgd ajrnv crn fl``lg jg mn Vl~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv) cv rnflrbnb jg mn mjvlrjfrnflrb alr mn Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv -Dnjiv n ci' 3::>) Orltg n ci' ?883) @crdlijv cgb Oci`c?88:*' Mjvlrjfciiz) vxrjgd ajrnv tnrn jdgjnb oz brz ijdmgjgd lr Gcjqn C`nrjfcgv cgb vxrncb

onfc~vn la tcr` n`xnrc~rnv) ilt m~`jbjz) cgb xnrvjvng cgb d~vz tjgbv -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*'Ajrnv civl lff~rrnb jg mn icn v~``nr lr ncriz acii canr mn `lgvllg vncvlg m~gbnrvlr`v mcbngbnb o~ n`xnrc~rnv tnrn vjii mjdm -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*'

Mjvlrjf a~ni ilcbv jg lgn `j}nb flgjanr alrnv tnrn rnicjqniz mjdm) c col~ 36 l ?8 lgv xnrcfrn -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' Vc`xijgd arl` 31 vcgbv cfrlvv mn Vl~mtnv -Rcoin ?* xrlqjbnv cdngnrci xjf~rn la a~ni ilcbv) ml~dm mnz `cz on mjdmnr mcg xrnvnin`ng a~ni ilcbv) vjgfnmnz tnrn rnflrbnb jg 3:4> -Vcfen 3:4:*'

Rcoin ? Bncb A~ni Ilcbv arl` 31 Vl~mtnvnrg @j}nb Flgjanr Vcgbv -Vcfen 3:4:*

A~ni Fl`xlgng Rlgv xnr cfrn Vb Bnq

V~racfn A~ni -invv mcg 3 jgfm* 6'> 3'3Anr`ngcjlg Icznr >'8 3'=

M~`jajnb Icznr 36'4 >'1

V~olci 8 l 3 jgfm ??'? 1'?

3 l 6 jgfm tllbz `cnrjci 6'6 3'6

Drncnr mcg 6 jgfmnv rlng `cnrjci 38'6 4'1

Drncnr mcg 6 jgfmnv vl~gb `cnrjci ='6 4'?

Rlci bncb a~ni 22'3 3='8

C `lrn rnfng v~bz al~gb 3?'4 lgv xnr cfrn la flcrvn tllbz `cnrjci -FT@* jg Vl~mtnvnrg`j}nb flgjanr vcgbv cgb glnb mn mjdm bndrnn la vxcjci qcrjcojijz -8'= l 63'4 lgv xnr cfrn* laFT@ -Dcgnz cgb Qlkc ?838*'

Jg dngnrci) onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng) ajrn jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la Vl~mtnvnrgxicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv qcrjnb arl` v~racfn ajrnv l xcfmz -lr xcvvjqn* frltg ajrnv cfrlvv rnicjqnizv`cii dnldrcxmjf crncv -A~i n ci' ?886*' Icrdn vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrnv tnrn rcrn) jg xcr onfc~vnla mn mnnrldngnl~v fl`xlvjjlg' Cvxng drl~xv tl~ib mcqn rnb~fnb lr n}jgd~jvmnb vl`n ajrnv

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o~rgjgd mrl~dm mnnrldngnl~v `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' Mltnqnr icrdn) vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrnv `cz mcqn lff~rrnb jg rnvxlgvn l `~ijbnfcbci fij`cn xcnrgv' Alr n}c`xin)nqjbngfn v~ddnvv mc icrdn ajrnv jg mn Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv lff~rrnb canr c vnqnrn brl~dmcol~ 1>8 zncrv cdl -Arnfmnn cgb @nznr ?88:*' _nfng bcc arl` Engbrjfe @l~gcjg jgglrmnrg Crj{lgc xrlqjbnv cglmnr n}c`xin la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv lg vnnx vilxnv tmnrn vcgb

rnxicfjgd ajrnv lff~rrnb lg fngnggjci vfcinv -Kngejgv n ci' ?833*'

Mjdmvnqnrjz xcfmnv) cv lxxlvnb l n}ngvjqn crncv la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn) mcqn onng rnicjqnizfl``lg' Arl` 3:=2 l ?882 jg mn Djic Gcjlgci Alrnv) mjdmvnqnrjz xcfmnv cffl~gnb alr ?8xnrfng la mn crnc o~rgnb la cii mn ajrnv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv -Mlibng n ci' ?88:*' Rmn 3=14ajrn lg _jgflg Xnce jgfi~bnb c 3>8cfrn xcfm la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn cv tnii cv crncv la iltvnqnrjz ajrn -Jgjd~n{ n ci' ?88:*' Jg dngnrci) mjdmnrvnqnrjz ajrn jv `lrn ijeniz c mjdmnrninqcjlgv) lg vnnx glrmacfjgd vilxnv) cgb lg ilfciiz tn) flli vjnv -Mlibng n ci' ?88:*' Alrn}c`xin) mncb ajrnv lg vmlr ~xvilxn r~gv fcg frncn mjdmvnqnrjz xcfmnv cgb fc~vn `lrcijz jgicrdnr rnnv -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' C incv vl`n la mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn vez jvicgbv jgvl~mnrg Crj{lgc cgb Gnt @n}jfl

-v~fm cv jg mn Cgj`cv @l~gcjgv*mcb `j}nb ajrn rndj`nv) jgfi~bjgdarns~ng v~racfn ajrnv cgb rnicjqnizilgdjgnrqci) xcfmz frltg ajrnv-Vtngc` n ci' ?883) Jgjd~n{ n ci'?88:*' Rmnrn jv lmnr nqjbngfn mcmjdmvnqnrjz ajrn jg `j}nb flgjanrfcg incqn rnn bngvjjnv vj`jicr lmlvn la xrnvnin`ng alrnvv' Rmn3::6 Glrmtnv JJJ Ajrn jg DrcgbFcgzlg Gcjlgci Xcre mcb mjdmnrmcgcgjfjxcnb vnqnrjz) ejiinb cvjdgjajfcg g~`onr la rnnv) cgbrnb~fnb fcglxz flqnr cgb a~niilcbv l gncr xrnvnin`ng inqniv-A~i n ci' ?882*' Cglmnr ijgn lanqjbngfn mc v~ddnvv mjdmvnqnrjzxcfmnv tnrn c gc~rci xcr la `j}nb flgjanr ajrn rndj`n fl`nv arl` mn ngbcgdnrnb @l~gDrcmc` rnb vs~jrrni) cg ngbn`jf vxnfjnv la vxr~fnajr cgb `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' C `j}nbvnqnrjz o~rg -jg tmjfm mn `cklrjz la mn crnc tcv mjdm vnqnrjz* vmltnb gl j`xcf lgrnxrlb~fjqn flgbjjlg) olbz `cvv) lr v~rqjqci la @l~g Drcmc` rnb vs~jrrni xlx~icjlgv-Inlgcrb cgb Elxrltvej ?838*'

NrjfIcXr

jfn

Rrj`oin Xljg xrnvfrjonb o~rg lg mn Vcg K~cgGcjlgci Alrnv

l~mtnvnrg xicnc~v cgb ~xicgbv'

ncrv jglgn vjn cgb `lrn mcg 68 zncrv alr ci`lv mcia la mn vjnv -Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg 3::1*'

Rcoin 6 vmltv mn rcgdn la ajrn arns~ngfjnv cfrlvv mnVRmn cqnrcdn la mn nvj`cnb @A_J jv 4': zncrv) o~ mn cqnrcdn la mn `lrn flgvnrqcjqn`ncv~rn la @A_J mc jgfi~bnv lgiz ajrnv mc vfcr c incv ?> xnrfng la rnnv jv 32 zncrv' ^vjgdmn flgvnrqcjqn @A_J) mn vjnv iconinb XJXL,@F -xlgbnrlvc xjgn`j}nb flgjanr* mcb c `ncgla 36 zncrv tmjin mn vjnv iconinb k~v `j}nb flgjanr mcb c `ncg la 3> zncrv ontnng ajrnv' Jjv civl j`xlrcg l mjdmijdm mn rcgdn la j`n ontnng ajrnv) tmjfm tcv ~x l gncriz =8 z

34


24/112


25/112


3:


Jg mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv) mn mjvlrjf ajrnrndj`n tcv la `j}nb vnqnrjz' Vcgb vr~f~rn) a~ni ilcbv) lxldrcxmz) cgb tncmnr flgbjjlgv

b~rjgd alrnv ajrnv mnixnb frncn cgb `cjgcjg c `lvcjf la vcgb flgbjjlgv' Iltnr ninqcjlgxlgbnrlvc xjgn vcgbv n}xnrjngfnb arns~ng ajrn) o~ mjdmnr ninqcjlg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv tnrnfmcrcfnrj{nb oz c `~fm iltnr ajrn arns~ngfz cgb xcfmnv la vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrn jg cbbjjlg liltvnqnrjz v~racfn ajrnv -Qnoing n ci' ?888) Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?884*' @j}nb flgjanr alrnvv tnrnfl`xlvnb la c `lvcjf la vcgbv; vl`nvcgbv tnrn nqngcdnb) frncnb oz vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrn) tmjin lmnrv tnrn ~gnqngcdnb) `cjgcjgnb oz iltvnqnrjz ajrn cgbnxjvlbjf rnn rndngnrcjlg -Vfmlnggcdni nci' ?882*' Cglmnr nin`ng flgrjo~jgd l~gnqngcdnb vcgb bnqnilx`ng jg mn

alrnv `lvcjf tnrn ajrnfrncnb lxngjgdvmc xnrvjvnb alr cv ilgd cv 32= zncrv-Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?888*' Vzgnrdjvjf) icrdnvfcin alrnv bjv~rocgfn naanfv v~fm cvvrlgd tjgbv cgb tcr` n`xnrc~rnvxrl`ln frltgjgd cgb ciilt ajrn l flqnricrdn crncv' Jg flgrcv) jgfrncvnbm~`jbjz) fllinr tncmnr) lr xcfmnv lailt a~ni ilcbv fcg rnb~fn ajrn vnqnrjz-Crgl 3:=8) Vfmlnggcdni n ci' ?882*'

@lv ajrnv jg mn Vl~mnrg _lfez@l~gcjgv lff~r jg @cz cgb K~gn onalrnvncvlgci `lgvllgv fl`n -Ocenr ?886)Drjvvjgl@cznr n ci' ?882*' B~rjgd mcj`n) brz ijdmgjgd arl` flgqnfjqnvlr`v xrlqjbnv c`xin jdgjjlg vl~rfnv-@crdlijv n ci' ?884*' Canr mn `lgvllgvngb jg Vnxn`onr cgb Lflonr mnrn jvcglmnr xnce jg ajrn cfjqjz) ml~dm ajrnvlff~r mrl~dml~ mn drltjgd vncvlg-Drjvvjgl@cznr n ci' ?882*' A~rmnr

glrm jg mn _lfez @l~gcjgv) `lgvllgtncmnr mcv invv j`xcf cgb ajrnv crn `lvfl``lg jg K~iz -Orltg nRzxjfci a~ni ilcbv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvvocvnb lg jgqnglrjnv la ng gcjlgci alrnvv jg mn Glrmnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv cqnrcdnb :'1 lgvxnr cfrn -Orltg cgb Vnn 3:=3*' Rmn Ajrn cgb Ajrn V~rrldcn V~bz rnxlrnb c vj`jicr s~cgjz lavcgbjgd cgb bltgnb bncb tllb -='1 lgv xnr cfrn* alr mn Glrmnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv -Vnxmngv

ci' 3:::*' Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv) Rnrrc@LBJV) Vnxn`onr) ?88?

GCVCQjvjoinNcrm


26/112


n ci' ?88:c*' A~ni ilcbv crn vxcjciiz qcrjcoin) cgb bjv~rocgfnv v~fm cv tjgb vlr`v fcg frncnilfciiz bngvn flgfngrcjlgv la a~ni -_lonrvlg cgb Oltvnr 3:::) Ocenr n ci' ?884*' Orltg cgbfliincd~nv -?886* rnfl``ngb rncjgjgd > l 38 lgv xnr cfrn la FT@ jg tcr`brz xlgbnrlvcxjgnBl~dicvajr zxnv cgb 38 l ?8 lgv xnr cfrn la FT@ jg flli Bl~dicvajr zxnv'

Ajrnv jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv qcrjnb vjdgjajfcgiz jg n}ng) o~ ~gijen ajrnv jg iltnr ninqcjlgxlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnv `lv ajrnv jg `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv o~rgnb mrl~dm `lv la mn vcgb-Drjvvjgl@cznr n ci' ?882*' Jg lgn _lfez @l~gcjg fcvn v~bz) ajrnv drncnr mcg 2 vs~crn`jinv lff~rrnb col~ nqnrz >8 l 18 zncrv) ml~dm mn rcgdn tcv ontnng ?4 cgb 3=8 zncrv-Orltg n ci' 3:::) Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?888*' Jg mn ^xxnr _jl Drcgbn Ocvjg) 32 bjaanrng vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrnv tnrn jbngjajnb ontnng 3=24 cgb 3:83 -@crdlijv n ci' ?884*'

Jg dngnrci) mn tcr`brz `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv n}xnrjngfnb glginmci ajrnv nqnrz ?8 l >8 zncrv)tmjin mjdmnrvnqnrjz ajrnv lff~rrnb `~fm invv arns~ngiz -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Jg flgrcv) mnvninmci ajrnv tnrn mn bl`jgcg xrlfnvv jg flli`ljv `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv) ciml~dm lffcvjlgciv`cii) iltvnqnrjz ajrnv civl lff~rrnb -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Rcoin 2 vmltv ajrn rn~rg jgnrqciv

alr 31 vjnv jg mn Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv' Rmn cqnrcdn la mn nvj`cnb @A_J jv col~ 31zncrv) o~ mn cqnrcdn la mn `lrn flgvnrqcjqn `ncv~rn la @A_J mc lgiz jgfi~bnv ajrnv mcvfcr c incv ?> xnrfng la rnnv jv ?2 zncrv' Ajrnv jg mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgvtnrn invv arns~ng mcg jg mn Vl~mtnvnrg ~xicgbv cgb xicnc~v o~ vj`jicr l jgnrqciv jg mnGlrmnrg _lfejnv -36 l ?1 zncrv5 Crgl 3:=8*'

Cin}cgbnrNqcgv


?8


27/112


?3

Rcoin 2 Ajrn Arns~ngfz jg @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnvv la mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv

Vjn VcnNinq'-a* @A_J

Vb'Bnq' _cgdn

?>.@A_J

Vb'Bnq' _cgdn Fjcjlg

Kn`n{ G@ :)=48 ?>'? 6?': 3 l =: 31'88 ?'= 4 l ?: Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ :)4=8 3:'> 3>'4 2 l >? ?8'88 >'1 6 l 62 Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ =)288 :'> 1'4 3 l ?3 32'?4 1'4 36 l 21 Vtngc` cgKn`n{ G@ =)=>8 2'> ?': 3 l 3? 33'?4 6'= ? l ?6 Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ :)64> 3>'= 38'? 3 l 66 ?1'32 33'2 > l 3: Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ :)438 3?'8 ='= 6 l 6? 3:'>8 2'4 3? l 11 Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ 4)288 1'= >'1 3 l ?2 33'>8 1'? > l ?> Vtngc` cg

Kn`n{ G@ :)6=4 2'= 6'> 3 l 34 3?'14 1'4 3 l 3= Vtngc` cg

Vcg K~cg FL =)2:: ?2'6 33'> 6 l >8 6?'68 ?6'2 4 l 4: A~i n ci' ?8

Vcg K~cg FL :)3>2 68 1 l >3 61 Drjvvjgl@cz

Vcg K~cg FL =)2:4 3: > l ?= ?? Drjvvjgl@cz

Vcg K~cg FL =)6:: ?3 2 l >8 ?? Drjvvjgl@cz

Arlg _cgdn FL =)1:2 3='1 ?2'1 3 l == 62'6+ 6? 3 l == Qnoing n ci'

Arlg _cgdn FL =)281 34'? ?>'8 3 l :? 28'=+ ?:'= 3 l :? Qnoing n ci'Arlg _cgdn FL =)8=2 ??'2 61'? 3 l 3?> 26'2+ 2='3 4 l 3?> Qnoing n ci'

Vcg K~cg FL 3?'1 6 l >8 3:'=+ 6 l 6> Elro n ci' ?8+mnvn `ncv~rn`ngv crn ocvnb lg c 38. @A_J


28/112


??

Ijo

rcrzlaFlgdrnvv

Cxjgn crn ijeniz l mcqn mcb arns~ng ilt l

Ncvnrg Vvcgb jvlicjlg cgb ilfci rcjg vmcbltBl~dicvajr bl``tnrn `-Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1) Vfmlii cgb Rczilr ?838*' Ajrn`-Djii cgb Rczilr ?88:*' Ajrn mjv`lv tnii blf~`ci' ?88:*' Jg mnvn vcgbv) ajrnv o~rgnb c ilt lmjdmvnqnrjz -Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1*' Jg mn

flgjanr) 3> x-Ocrrn n ci' ?882*' Ajrn vnqnrjzrnv~i la annbocfe ontnng ajrn rndj`alrnv vr~f~rn jg fnrcjg crncv?88=o) Glrm n ci' ?88:c*' Jg c Knaarnz xjgnbl`

v tjm lmnr `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) tnvvjbn `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv bl`jgcnb oz xlgbnrlvc`nbj~`vnqnrjz ajrnv -Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1*'

jnrrc alrnvv ngb l mcqn ajrn rn~rg jgnrqciv vj`jicr l tnvnrg Vjnrrc alrnvv5 mltnqnr)flgbjjlgv fcg caanf ajrn rndj`n -Glrm n ci' ?88:o*'

jgcnb `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv ngb l on `lrn `nvjf cgb mcqn olm ilt cgbj}nbvnqnrjz ajrnv' Jg `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv bl`jgcnb oz tmjn ajr jg mn vl~mnrg Vjnrrc) ajrnv

lviz ilt l `lbnrcn vnqnrjz) tjm lffcvjlgci v`cii xcfmnv la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrnvvnqnrjz jg ncvnrg vilxn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

j}nb flgjanr alrnvv ngbv l aliilt mn xcnrg la jgfrncvjgd vnqnrjz tjm jgfrncvjgd ninqcjlglrz jg `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv bl`jgcnb oz djcg vns~ljc jv mn

ngnb la Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv -n'd') Vtngc` 3::6) Vtngc` n`lbnrcnvnqnrjz tjm lffcvjlgci xcfmnv la

ICGBAJ_N `lbni alr Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb

nrfng la ajrnv crn vcgbrnxicfjgd tmjin col~ 48 xnrfng la ajrnv crn v~racfn ajrnvjg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc jv) jg xcr) mn

nv cgb alrnv vr~f~rn) tjm mjdmvnqnrjz xcfmnv brjqjgdv~fm cv ~xxnr vilxnv cgb vl~mtnvnriz cvxnfv -Oncz cgb Rczilr

jgcnb `j}nb flgjanr alrnv jg mn fngrci Vjnrrcmc mcv onng rnxncnbiz o~rgnb oz `cgcdnb tjibajrn lqnr mn icv 68 zncrv) mjdmvnqnrjz xcfmnv

flqnrnb 3> xnrfng la mn o~rgnb crnc-Fliijgv cgb Vnxmngv ?838* cgb mnxnrfngcdn la mjdmvnqnrjz ajrn mcvrn`cjgnb rnicjqniz vcoin lqnr mjv xnrjlb-Fliijgv n ci' ?88:*'

Rmn vejbtcz lqnr tmjfm mn drnc ildv crn brcddnbl mn `jii) @jiitllb) Fcijalrgjc) 3:8?

Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

Onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ngv) `lvajrnv jg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvvlff~rrnb b~rjgd mn icn vncvlg -icnv~``nr cgb ncriz acii* -@llbz n ci' ?881)Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?838*' B~rjgd mjvxnrjlb ijdmgjgd jv `lrn fl``lg cgb a~nivcrn brjnr -@lgrln cgb Flgqnrvn ?881*' Jg cglrmnrg Vjnrrc v~bz) `j}nb flgjanr ajrnvo~rgnb b~rjgd mn blr`cg vncvlg) ml~dmcol~ c s~crnr la ajrnv o~rgnb b~rjgd mn

drltjgd vncvlg -Vnxmngv cgb Fliijgv?882) Oncz cgb Rczilr ?884*' Jg c Knaarnzxjgnbl`jgcnb alrnv lg mn ncv vjbn lamn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) ajrnv tnrn `lvfl``lg b~rjgd mn icn v~``nr cgb acii`lgmv -Qcjiicg cgb Vnxmngv ?88:*'Onfc~vn la mjdm a~ni `ljv~rn) ncrizvncvlgo~rgv ngb l flgv~`n invv la mn cqcjicoin


29/112


a~ni cgb incqn c `lrn mnnrldngnl~v o~rg xcnrg -Egcxx n ci' ?88>) Egcxx cgb Enninz ?881*'Rmn `lv tjbnvxrncb ajrnv jg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv lff~r b~rjgd brl~dm zncrv-Oncz cgb Rczilr ?883*' @lv xcfmnv la vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrnv tnrn v`cii -invv mcg 38 cfrnv*tmjin c ant tnrn icrdn -`lrn mcg 32= cfrnv* -Oncz cgb Rczilr ?883) Fliijgv cgb Vnxmngv?838*' Xrnvnin`ng `j}nb flgjanr alrnv mcb icrdn) xnrvjvng dcxv mc tnrn gl filvnb oz

rndngnrcjlg -Glrm n ci' ?88?*'

Rmn ajrn arns~ngfz jg mn `j}nb flgjanr la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc jv vj`jicr l mn Fngrci cgbVl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv) tjm cg cqnrcdn @A_J la 36 zncrv cgb `lrn flgvnrqcjqn @A_J la?> zncrv -Rcoin >*' Jg mn ICGBAJ_N `lbni alr Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr) v~racfn ajrnv mcqnc `ncg rn~rg jgnrqci la col~ 3> l ?8 zncrv tmjin `j}nbvnqnrjz ajrnv lff~r nqnrz 68 l >8zncrv lg cqnrcdn -Ocrrn n ci' ?882*' Cv Rcoin > vmltv) mnrn jv j`xlrcg qcrjcjlg jg ajrnarns~ngfjnv) lang brjqng oz ilfci acflrv' Alr n}c`xin) jg mn Icen Rcmln Ocvjg ajrn rn~rgjgnrqciv crn ilgdnr lg glrmacfjgd mcg lg vl~macfjgd vilxnv -Oncz cgb Rczilr ?88=c*'_jxcrjcg crncv jg Vjnrrc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv o~rg c vj`jicr arns~ngfz l ~xicgb alrnvv -Qcg bnTcnr cgb Glrm ?838* cgb ajrn naanfv l rjxcrjcg crncv `cz mcqn onng `lbnrcn alr `lv ajrnv

-Ofmn n ci' ?88>*'

VnxmngvIco^gjqnrvjzlaFcijalrgjcOnreninz


?6


30/112


?2

Rcoin > Ajrn Arns~ngfz jg @j}nb Flgjanr Alrnvv la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

VjnNinq'-a* Cvxnf @A_J _cgdn

?>.@A_J _cgdn Fjcjlg

Bjc`lgb @v' >)>44 38'= 2 l 6? 36'2 4 l 6? Dji cgb Rczilr ?88:

Bjc`lgb @v' >):81 3>': 1 l 68 3='8 3? l 68 Dji cgb Rczilr ?88:

V' Vjnrrc 1)6:= VT ='2 6 l 32 Ejidlrn cgb Rczilr 3:4: V' Vjnrrc 1)6:= VT 38'8 6 l ?? Ejidlrn cgb Rczilr 3:4:

V' Vjnrrc 1)6:= VN 31'2 2 l 6> Ejidlrn cgb Rczilr 3:4:

V' Vjnrrc 1)6:= GT)GN 32'? 6 l ?4 Ejidlrn cgb Rczilr 3:4:

Icvvng >)666 ?4'8 6?'? Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

Icvvng >)666 31'8 ?4'4 Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

Lgjlg Frnne 1)38= 32'2 ??': Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

Lgjlg Frnne 1)38= 3>'1 ?:'2 Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

Icen Rcmln 1)23: 31': 63'2 Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

Icen Rcmln 1)23: 34'3 >8'3 Qcg bn Tcnr cgb Glrm ?8

G' Vjnrrc 36'8+ 6 l 6> Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1

F' Vjnrrc 33'8+ 2 l 6? Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1 G' Vjnrrc 2)2=8 T 33'2 3 l >6 3?'> 2 l ?: @llbz n ci' ?881

G' Vjnrrc >)?88 T 38'? 3 l 61 ?:'6 ?6 l 61 @llbz n ci' ?881

G' Vjnrrc >)>88 GN 3?'6 3 l 61 ?3'8 31 l 61 @llbz n ci' ?881

G' Vjnrrc 1)888 GN 31': 1 l 21 34'= 1 l 61 @llbz n ci' ?881

G' Vjnrrc 1)388 VVT 3?': 2 l 2> 6>'> 68 l 23 @llbz n ci' ?881

G' Vjnrrc >)888 VN :': 2 l ?3 3?'4 2 l ?? @llbz n ci' ?881

G) Vjnrrc 2)288 VT GN 38 1 l 28 Vnxmngv cgb Fliijgv ?882

V' Vjnrrc >)>44 2'? 3 l 3? Xmjiijxv ?88?

F' Vjnrrc 2)>:6 1'6 Fliijgv cgb Vnxmngv ?884

V' Vjnrrc 2)>:6 :'6 Fliijgv cgb Vnxmngv ?884

V' Vjnrrc 2 Fcxrjl cgb Ijgnocfe 3::4



N' Vjnrrc 4)262 ?': 3 l = ='3++ 3 l 6? Qcjiicg cgb Vnxmngv ?88:+`nbjcgv ++38. @A_J


31/112


?>

Cajrn v~xxrnvvjlg' T

-@jggjfm n ci' 3::>*) iltnr ninqmjdmvnqnrjz ajrnv `Vjnrrc Vcg Xnbrl @rjr -VVX@*Xngjgv~icr _cgdnv jg Vl~mnrg Fcvfr~jgz mcg mcqn mn Vgl ondjg ~g-Vnxmngv n ci' ?88=*' OVl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc rcgdnv) tn jgfi~bn bccflgjanr alrnvv n}xnrjngfnb v`-

Jtmjfm crn vrlgd brz tjgbv mc oilt arlÀjrnv brjqng oz Vcgc Cgc tjgbv o~rg tjm ncgb fcg vngb ajrn orcgbv acr onzlgb mn ajrn arlgKcfjgl @l~gcjgv tnrn icnvncvlg ajrnv -Nqnvncvlg ajrnv -Vnxmngv n ci' ?886*' Amcqn onng vxcjciiz flrrnicnbmn Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc rcgdnv) ajmcg 31 cfrnv jg vj{n; lgAjrnv jg mn VVX@ rcgdnb jg vj{n ~x l gncriz ?>m

O@l~gcjgv tcv lg mn lrbnr la ?'> zncrv -Nqnrnajrn rn~rg jgnrqci la 38 zncrv alr xlgbnrlvcOnrgcrbjgl @l~gcjgv' Lg mn Ilv Xcbrnv Gcjlgcnqnrz 3? zncrv tmjin icrdnr ajrnv tnrn `fliincd~nv -?886* nvj`cn mc mml~dm @jggjfm cgb fliincd~nv -?88~gbnrvlrz ajrnv' Fmcxcrrci flqnrv `jv j`-Il`

lg mn lrbnr la 68 l >8 zncrv -Ennvmltv mc ajrn rndjòn fmcgdnb oz cinrjgd mn cdn vvjbn la mn vfjngjajf bnocn) lmnr rnvncrfmnrvfmcgdnb vjdonmcqjlr -Enninz n ci' 3g


mn rndjlgci inqni) Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc n}xnrjngfnb olm mjdm cgb iltvnqnrjz ajrnv onalrnmjin ajrnv jg ~xxnrninqcjlg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv tnrn ilt lr `j}nb vnqnrjz

cjlg fmcxcrrci ngbnb l on mjdm vnqnrjz) cgb vl`n la mnvncz mcqn o~rgnb jgl mn `j}nb flgjanr {lgn -Enninz cgb [nbinr ?88:*' Rmn

jv c `j}nb flgjanr nflvzvn` vj`jicr l mn Rrcgvqnrvn cgbijalrgjc) o~ mn VVX@ mcv onng mn v~oknf la drncnr vfjngjajf

l~mnrg Fcijalrgjc rcgdnv) jg xcr onfc~vn vzvn`cjf ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg bjbji 3:48 -Vnxmngv n ci' ?886* cgb ilddjgd mcv lgiz lff~rrnb jg c qnrz v`cii crnc

nfc~vn la mn jgngvn v~bz la mn VVX@ cgb jv vj`jicrjz l mnarl` mn VVX@ jg mjv bjvf~vvjlg' VVX@ `j}nb

ciinr) ilt jgngvjz o~rgv cgb `lbnrcniz jgngvn ~gbnrvlrz ajrnv@jggjfm n ci' ?888*'

g dngnrci) mn fmcxcrrci la Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjc o~rgv jg mn acii) brjqng oz mn Vcgc Cgc tjgbv)mn ncv cgb ltcrbv mn flcv -Enninz n ci' 3:::*'

gl~dm jgngvjz l o~rg mrl~dm nqng zl~gd a~niv-Enninz ?88=*' Rmn `cklrjz la ajrnv jg mn Vcg

rn ?88=*) o~ mn VVX@ tcv bl`jgcnb oz ncrizjgn a~niv jg Vl~mnrg Fcijalrgjcg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv `cz

tjm vxnfjnv) cv mnz crn jg mn VVX@ -Arz cgb Vnxmngv ?838*' Jgrnv xrjlr l mn lgvn la mn ?8m fng~rz tnrn dngnrciiz invv

iz c v`cii xnrfngcdn la ajrnv n}fnnbnb 2> cfrnv jg vj{n -Nqnrn ?88=*'vs~crn `jinv jg n}ng jg mn `jb ?8m fng~rz5

ltnqnr) `lv ajrnv tnrn `~fm v`ciinr -@jggjfm n ci' ?888*'

nalrn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ngv mn ajrn rn~rg jgnrqci jg mn `j}nb flgjanr la mn Vcg Kcfjgl ?88=*' @fOrjbn cgb Icqng -3:41* `ncv~rnb c

xjgn cgb 3? zncrv alr Knaarnz xjgn jg mn Vcgi Alrnv v`cii ilfcij{nb ajrn o~rgnb col~

~fm invv arns~ng -Ilòcrbl n ci' ?88:*' Vnxmngv cgbn ajrn rn~rg jgnrqci jg mn VVX@ rcgdnv arl` >'4 l 1': zncrv)

8* v~ddnv c `~fm ilgdnr jgnrqci ontnng `lrn jgngvn~fm la mn iltnr ninqcjlgv jg mn rndjlg cgb jv ajrn rndj`n

xlrcg l `j}nb flgjanr onfc~vn `cgz ajrnv jg fmcxcrrci o~rg ~x jgl `j}nb flgjanr vcgbvocrbl n ci' ?88:*' Xrjlr l N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng) fmcxcrrci mcb c ajrn rn~rg jgnrqci

inz n ci' 3:::*' Vl`n rnvncrfmnrv `cjgcjg mc mn nqjbngfnnv jg fmcxcrrci mcqn vmlrngnb vjgfn ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg cgb ajrn onmcqjlr fcgr~f~rn la fmcxcrrci qndncjlg -@jggjfm 3:=6*' Lg mn lmnr

`cjgcjg mc mn fmcxcrrci ajrn rndj`n mcv glgjajfcgiz cgb mc mn cdn vr~f~rn la fmcxcrrci qndncjlg blnv gl caanf ajrn

:::*' Djqng l~r alf~v lg ~xxnr ninqcjlg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) tn tjiil bniqn a~rmnr jgl a~niv rnc`ng jg fmcxcrrci'


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EcrjDrnnr

Oicfemcii Ajrn jg Tzl`jgd

J`xcf la Cinrnb Ajrn _ndj`nv cgb Alrnv Mncim

Rml~dm mn ajrn rndj`nv cgb vxnfjnv fl`xlvjjlg alr ncfm la mn rndjlgv jg mjv rnxlr crnbjaanrng) mn j`xcfv la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv crn qnrz vj`jicr' Jg `lv `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv)

cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mcqn xrlb~fnb fmcgdnv jg vxnfjnv bl`jgcgfn cgb rnn bngvjz' Cinrnb ajrnrndj`nv mcqn civl jgfrncvnb mn ml`ldngnjz la olm cdn cgb vr~f~rn la `cgz `j}nb flgjanricgbvfcxnv' Ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mcv jgfrncvnb mn j`xcf la vrnvvnv v~fm cv brl~dm cgb cjrxlii~jlg -Vcqcdn 3::4*' Ciml~dm gl bjrnfiz rnicnb l cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv) gnt xnvv cgbxcmldngv mcqn ceng mlib jg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv vjgfn N~rlC`nrjfcg vnin`ng' Rmnvnn}ljf vxnfjnv) v~fm cv vxr~fn cxmjb -Izgfm ?882* cgb tmjn xjgn oijvnr r~v -Flgeijg ?882*)caanf alrnv mncim cgb vml~ib on flgvjbnrnb jg a~niv rnc`ng xicggjgd'

Rmn jgfrncvnb rnn bngvjz) a~ni ilcbv) cgb vcgb ml`ldngnjz b~n l ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mcqnjgfrncvnb mn ijenijmllb la ~gfmcrcfnrjvjf n}ngvjqn frltg ajrnv jg xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv-Flqjgdlg cgb @llrn 3::2c) Vejggnr cgb Fmcgd 3::1) Vfmlnggcdni n ci' ?882*' @j}nb flgjanr

alrnvv mcb c `j}nbvnqnrjz ajrn rndj`n jg tmjfm frltg ajrn xcfmnv tnrn gl ~gfl``lg' Rmnmjvlrjf ajrn rndj`n jgfi~bnb `~fm rcrnr) icrdnr vcgbrnxicfjgd ajrnv brjqng oz `~ijbnfcbcifij`cn xcnrgv' Gnqnrmninvv) cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mcqn fmcgdnb mn icgbvfcxn flgn} jg tmjfm`j}nb flgjanr ajrnv lff~r -Fliijgv cgb Vnxmngv ?838*' Rmn jgfrncvnb mrnc la fccvrlxmjf ajrnjg iltnr ninqcjlg xlgbnrlvc xjgn c`xijajnv mn xlngjci alr n}ngvjqn frltg ajrn jg `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv onfc~vn la mn mjdm ijenijmllb la ajrn vxrncb ~xvilxn' Rmn jgfrncvnb ml`ldngnjzla `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) xcrjf~icriz mn jgfrncvnb bngvjz la mn tcr`brz `j}nb flgjanr zxn)fl~ib cbb l mn n}ng cgb j`xcf la vnqnrn ajrnv' Ajgciiz) mn rngb ltcrbv c tcr`nr) brjnr

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fij`cn jv ijeniz l jgfrncvn mn ijenijmllb la n}ngvjqn vnqnrn ajrnv -cv bjvf~vvnb jg `lrn bncji jgmn vnfjlg Fij`cn Fmcgdnonilt*' Rmn ijenijmllb la n}ngvjqn vnqnrn ajrnv jv j`xlrcgonfc~vn la mn j`xcf mnz fcg mcqn lg nflvzvn` xrlfnvvnv cgb vnrqjfnv' M~gnr cgb fliincd~nv-?884* bncji c rcgdn la gndcjqn naanfv la n}ngvjqn) vnqnrn ajrnv jg xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv5 mnvnjgfi~bn fl``~gjz cgb ajrnajdmnr rjve) vlji bc`cdn) jgqcvjlg la n}ljf vxnfjnv) cgb jgvnf cgb

bjvncvn l~orncev'


Canr arns~ng ajrnv jg mn Vl~mtnv tnrn jgnrr~xnb ontnng 3=48 cgb 3:88) mn vr~f~rn cgbfl`xlvjjlg la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv ondcg l fmcgdn -Vtngc` cgb Ocjvcg ?886*' Lgn enzfmcgdn mcv onng mn jgfrncvn la vmcbnlinrcg vxnfjnv v~fm cv tmjn ajrn cgb c rnb~fnbj`xlrcgfn la xlgbnrlvc xjgn cgb lmnr vmcbnjglinrcg vxnfjnv v~fm cv vl~mtnvnrg tmjnxjgn) cvxng) cgb Bl~dicvajr -Klmgvlg 3::2) Flqjgdlg n ci' 3::=*' Jg vl`n vcgbv jg mnVcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv tmnrn ajrn arns~ngfz mcv onng rnb~fnb) Bl~dicvajr cgb tmjn ajr crnonfl`jgd bl`jgcg) rnxicfjgd xlgbnrlvc xjgn -Orltg n ci' ?883*' C mn ~xxnr ninqcjlgv la

`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv lg mn Ecjoco Xicnc~) mncovngfn la v~racfn ajrnv mcv xnr`jnb mnngfrlcfm`ng la v~ocixjgn vxnfjnv) xcrjf~icrizNgdni`cgg vxr~fn -@cv cgb Tlia ?881*' Jg`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv lg mn Vcg ArcgfjvflXncev jg Crj{lgc) rnn bngvjz mcv jgfrncvnbal~r j`nv vjgfn 3=41 -Flfen n ci' ?88>*' Jg`cgz vcgbv) mn dcxv frncnb oz ajrn lr lmnr`lrcijz cdngv tmnrn vmcbnjglinrcg vxnfjnv-xcrjf~icriz xlgbnrlvc xjgn) cvxng) lr Bl~dicvajr* rndngnrcnb onalrn ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mcqn

ajiinb jg -Bjnnrjfm 3:=6*' @ncbltv tjmjg mn`j}nb flgjanr `lvcjf mcqn civl onng cinrnb ozajrn v~xxrnvvjlg' Alr n}c`xin) mn crnc la lxng`lgcgn drcvvicgbv jg mn Kn`n{ @l~gcjgvbnfrncvnb >> xnrfng ontnng 3:6> cgb 3:=3-Ciing 3:=:*' Rmn crnc la cvxng vcgbv jg mnVl~mtnv mcv civl bnfrncvnb vjdgjajfcgiz; 21xnrfng ontnng 3:1? cgb 3:=1 -Klmgvlg3::2*' Jgdrltm la vmcbnlinrcg vxnfjnv mcvcivl jgfrncvnb mn bngvjz la `cgz `j}nbflgjanr vcgbv -Bcm`v cgb Dnjiv 3::4*' V~bjnv

jg c `j}nb flgjanr vcgb jg mn Drcgb FcgzlgGcjlgci xcre vmltnb mc canr `lrn mcg cfng~rz la ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mn ocvci crnc tcv6> l 2> xnrfng drncnr) cgb mn g~`onr larnnv mcb jgfrncvnb nqng `lrn -A~i n ci' ?88?)A~i n ci' ?882*' Vxnfjnv vmjav mcqn civllff~rrnb jg xlgbnrlvc xjgn alrnvv cgbjgfrncvnb mn bngvjz la vmcbnlinrcg vxnfjnv

Cin}cgbnrNqcgv

Vcgc An Gcjlgci Alrnv) Gnt @n}jfl

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jg mnvn vcgbv alr`nriz ficvvjajnb cv c xlgbnrlvc xjgn flqnr zxn' Rmjv fmcgdn jg xlgbnrlvc xjgnvcgbv mcv rnv~inb jg `cgz la mn` onjgd ficvvjajnb cv `j}nb flgjanr flqnr zxn jg icnrjgqnglrjnv' Alr n}c`xin) `j}nb flgjanr alrnv flqnr zxn jgfrncvnb oz 3)828)888 cfrnv -=3xnrfng* arl` 3:1? l 3:=1 -Klmgvlg 3::2*' Rmn naanf la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mcv onng `lrn`lbnrcn lg flli`ljv `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv) tmjfm tnrn mjvlrjfciiz bngvnr cgb n}xnrjngfnb

ilgdnr ajrn rn~rg jgnrqciv -_l``n n ci' ?88:*'

Cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv caanf alrnv mncim cgb) jg ~rg) alrnv mncim jgai~ngfnv ajrn mrnc cgbonmcqjlr' Alr n}c`xin) ajrn cgb btcra `jvinln crn jgnrrnicnb; btcra `jvinlnv crn c gc~rcixcr la `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv cgb ngbn`jf inqniv la btcra `jvinln tnrn xrlocoiz mjdm jg `cgzilfcjlgv -Xliilfe cgb V~feijgd 3::>) Flgeijg cgb Acjrtcmnr ?838*' Mltnqnr) ajrn) nqng iltnrvnqnrjz v~racfn ajrnv) fcg rnb~fn mn vnqnrjz la `jvinln jganfjlgv oz ejiijgd jganfnb rnnv cgboz vflrfm xr~gjgd jganvnb rnnv -Flgeijg cgb Dnjiv ?88=*' Oz mn vc`n leng) icfe la ajrn fcgngfl~rcdn mn bnqnilx`ng la ml`ldngl~v) vrnvvnb vcgbv mc acfjijcn n}xcgvjlg la `jvinlnxlx~icjlgv -Flgeijg cgb Acjrtcmnr ?838*' Btcra `jvinln jganfjlgv fcg ngfl~rcdn ajrnv ozejiijgd rnnv cgb fmcgdjgd cqcjicoin a~ni) frncjgd orll`v mc vnrqn cv icbbnr a~ni) cgb

acfjijcjgd mn o~jib~x la aic``coin rnvjgv -Dnjiv n ci' 3::>) Flgeijg cgb Acjrtcmnr ?838*'Bl~dicvajr `lrcijz jg vcgbv jganfnb tjm btcra `jvinln fcg on cv mjdm cv al~r j`nv drncnrmcg ~gjganfnb vcgbv) tjm drltm ilvvnv cv mjdm cv 1> xnrfng -@cmjcvng n ci' 3::8*'

Rmn vxrncb la tmjn xjgn oijvnr r~v -TXO_* l mn Vl~mtnv cbbv cglmnr vrnvv l `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv' TXO_ fcg bc`cdn lr ejii vl~mtnvnrg tmjn) ijònr) cgb orjvinflgn xjgnv-Vfmtcgb n ci' ?838*' TXO_ jv tniinvcoijvmnb jg mn Vcfrc`ngl @l~gcjgv) mcv onngbnnfnb jg glrmnrg cgb tnvnrg Gnt @n}jfl cgb ncvnrg Crj{lgc) cgb jv ijeniz l caanf tmjnxjgnv mrl~dml~ mn Vl~mtnv jg mn fl`jgd bnfcbnv -Flgeijg n ci' ?88:*' Jg dngnrcivl~mtnvnrg tmjn xjgn jv invv bc`cdnb oz ajrn) ocre onninv) cgb rll bjvncvn5 mltnqnr) TXO_`cz rnb~fn tmjn xjgnv cojijz l o~aanr `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv arl` mnvn cdngv la bjv~rocgfn-Dnjiv n ci' 3::>*' Cglmnr n}ljf) mn vxr~fn cxmjb) mcv mn xlngjci l jgfrncvn a~ni ilcbv jg`j}nb flgjanr alrnvv' Rml~dm `cgz rnnv fcg rnflqnr arl` bnalijcjlg) jgbjqjb~civ vrnvvnb ozlmnr acflrv v~fm cv brl~dm tjii bjn' Vxr~fn cxmjb `cz rnb~fn vxnfjnv bjqnrvjz jg `j}nbflgjanr alrnvv onfc~vn bnalijcjlg jv `~fm `lrn vnqnrn lg Ngdni`cgg vxr~fn mcg lmnr vxr~fn-Izgfm ?882*' Flreocre ajr `cz jgfrncvn jg bl`jgcgfn tmnrn brl~dm) btcra `jvinln) lr lmnrvrnvvlrv flòjgn tjm vxr~fn cxmjb bnalijcjlg l fc~vn `lrcijz la Ngdni`cgg vxr~fn' Rmnxlngjci alr vxr~fn cxmjb l fmcgdn vxnfjnv fl`xlvjjlg jv c~d`ngnb oz mn acf mc jbnalijcnv vnnbijgdv cv tnii cv `c~rn rnnv'


Rmn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Fngrci cgb Vl~mnrg _lfez @l~gcjgv n}mjoj cg jgfrncvn jgrnn bngvjjnv cv c rnv~i la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mc jv fl``lg cfrlvv mn tnvnrg ^'V'-Ec~a`cgg n ci' ?884*' Alr n}c`xin) jg lgn vl~mtnvnrg Flilrcbl `j}nb flgjanr alrnv `lbnrgocvci crnc tcv 32> xnrfng drncnr mcg c rnflgvr~fjlg la xrnvnin`ng bngvjz cgb mng~ònr la rnnv mcb jgfrncvnb nqng `lrn -644 xnrfng* -A~i n ci' ?88:*' Tmjn ajr mcv jgfrncvnbjg bngvjz onfc~vn la cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv) tmjin rndngnrcjlg la xlgbnrlvc xjgn cgb Bl~dicvajrmcv bnfrncvnb -_l``n n ci' ?88:*' Rmn drncnv jgfrncvn jg rnn bngvjz mcv lff~rrnb lg vl~m

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acfjgd vilxnv) ilt ninqcjlgv) cgb xlgbnrlvcxjgn bl`jgcg vcgbv mc xrnqjl~viz mcbrnicjqniz ilt rnn bngvjjnv -Qnoing n ci' ?888)Xic cgb Vfmlnggcdni ?88:*' Rrnnv mcqn civlngfrlcfmnb jgl dcxv cgb lxngjgdv tjmjg

alrnvv) jgfrncvjgd fcglxz flggnfjqjz -[jnrcgb Ocenr ?881*' Iltnrninqcjlg xlgbnrlvcxjgn vcgbv jg mn rndjlg) xcrjf~icriz mlvnilddnb xrjlr l 3:18) n}mjoj mjdmnr vcgbbngvjjnv) `lrn ml`ldngl~v vcgb vr~f~rn)cgb cg jgfrncvnb co~gbcgfn la vmcbnlinrcgrnnv fl`xcrnb l xrnvnin`ng flgbjjlgv-Gcajfz n ci' ?838*' Jg flgrcv) rnn bngvjz jgflli`ljv `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv tnrnmjvlrjfciiz bngvn onfc~vn la acqlrcoinlxldrcxmjf cgb vlji flgbjjlgv) cgb crn

~gijeniz l mcqn jgfrncvnb cv `~fm-Vfmlnggcdni n ci' ?882*' @cgz la mnvn flli`ljv `j}nb flgjanr vcgbv mcb ilgdnr ajrnrn~rg jgnrqciv) cgb fij`cn xicznb c icrdnr rlinjg mn j`jgd la ajrnv onalrn N~rlC`nrjfcgvnin`ng' Mngfn cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mcqn mcbinvv la cg j`xcf -_l``n n ci' ?88:*'

Cin}cgbnrNqcgv

C mn icgbvfcxn inqni) mnrn mcv onng cgjgfrncvn jg ml`ldngnjz la alrnv vr~f~rnonfc~vn mn xrnqjl~viz iltnr bngvjz `j}nbflgjanr vcgbv jgfrncvnb jg bngvjz tmjinxrnqjl~viz mjdmnr bngvjz `j}nb flgjanr vcgbvrn`cjgnb bngvn' Jg cbbjjlg) alrnv cdn vr~f~rnmcv onfl`n `lrn `c~rn lqnrcii b~n lbnfrncvnb v`cii cgb `jbvfcin vj{nb

bjv~rocgfnv b~rjgd mn xcv fng~rz' Rmn jgfrncvnb ml`ldngnjz `cz acfjijcn icrdnr xcfmnv lafrltg ajrn mcg lff~rrnb mjvlrjfciiz -Encgn n ci' ?88?) Vfmlnggcdni n ci' ?882*' Vj`jicriz)mnrn jv nqjbngfn jg vl`n xcrv la mn Vl~mnrg _lfejnv mc tnvnrg vxr~fn o~btlr` l~orncevmcqn onfl`n `lrn tjbnvxrncb cgb jgngvn jg mn icn ?8m fng~rz onfc~vn la drncnr alrnvml`ldngnjz) o~ mjv jv gl mn fcvn jg lmnr crncv -_znrvlg n ci' ?886*' O~btlr` bnalijcjlgvfcg xrnbjvxlvn mlv rnnv l Bl~dicvajr onnin cgb rll rlv -Encgn n ci' ?88?*' Cv jgVl~mtnvnrg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv) n}ljf xnvv cgb xcmldngv crn c flgfnrg jg mn _lfez@l~gcjgv' Jg mn fngrci _lfez @l~gcjgv) >> xnrfng la mn tmjn xjgn mcv TXO_' Tmjin`lrcijz la tmjn xjgn mcv onng rnicjqniz ilt) jgfjbngfn cgb jgngvjz la mn n}ljf bjvncvn mcqnjgfrncvnb vjdgjajfcgiz vjgfn mn 3:18v -V`jm cgb Mlaa`cg ?888*'


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Vjnrrc Gnqcbc

Jg mn `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv la mn Vjnrrc Gnqcbc) cinrnb ajrn rndj`nv mcqn acfjijcnb mnnvcoijvm`ng cgb drltm la c flmlr la tmjn ajr cgb lmnr ajrnjglinrcg vxnfjnv) jgfrncvjgd mnbngvjz la `cgz vcgbv -Oncz cgb Rczilr ?884) Oncz cgb Rczilr ?88=c*' Alr n}c`xin) jg cvl~mnrg Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnv) =2 xnrfng la tmjn ajr cgb jgfngvn fnbcr mcbnvcoijvmnb vjgfn mn icv tjbnvxrncb ajrn la 3:=1 -Glrm n ci' ?88>*' @cgz `j}nb flgjanr vcgbvmcqn onfl`n `~ijxinfcglxz) bl`jgcnb oz vmcbnlinrcg vxnfjnv -Tncmnrvxllg n ci' 3::?*'Ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mcv civl xnr`jnb c o~jib~x la olm v~racfn cgb icbbnr a~niv -Vejggnr cgbFmcgd 3::1) Vnxmngv cgb @ldmcbbcv ?88>f*' B~rjgd mn vc`n xnrjlb) ajrn v~xxrnvvjlg mcvbj`jgjvmnb mn mnrocfnl~v icznr mc xrnqjl~viz jgfi~bnb c tniibnqnilxnb fl``~gjz la alrov)xnrnggjci o~gfmdrcvvnv) cgb bjvxnrvnb vmr~ov -Fmcgd 3::1*' C incv jg vl`n crncv) v~fm cv mnRncenin N}xnrj`ngci Alrnv) dcxv tjmjg `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcqn gl filvnb vjgfn ajrnv~xxrnvvjlg -Glrm n ci' ?88?*' Mltnqnr) tjml~ gnt ajrnv l frncn gnt dcxv lr lxngjgdv)mnjr xrnqcingfn lg mn icgbvfcxn vfcin jv ijeniz l mcqn bnfrncvnb -Glrm n ci' ?88:c*' C mnicgbvfcxn vfcin) Vjnrrc Gnqcbc `j}nb flgjanr alrnvv mcqn onfl`n `lrn ml`ldngl~v onfc~vn lacinrnb ajrn rndj`nv -Tncmnrvxllg n ci' 3::

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Comprehensive Fuels Treatment Practices Guide for Mixed Conifer Forests: California, Central and Southern Rockies, and the Southwest