Compound Nouns V.S.

Phrasal verbs by Joyce Lee

2012/3/14

Why this topic?

1. Compound nouns high school’s teacher (X) high school teacher (O)

2. Phrasal verbs The more phrasal verbs, the more native-like your English is.

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Overview of the Presentation

Part I.1. What compound nouns are2. Stress pattern of compound nouns 3. Brainstorming practice

Part II.1. What phrasal verbs are 2. Examples and practice3. Phrasal verbs → compound nouns

Compound nouns =Noun compounds=Nominal compounds

A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words.

A compound noun is usually formed by combining two nouns, i.e. [noun + noun].

Each compound noun acts as a single unit.

There are three forms for compound nouns:

1. open or spaced -- space between words ex. tennis shoes2. hyphenated -- hyphen between words ex. six-pack3. closed or solid -- no space or hyphen between words (The two nouns are spelled as one word.) ex. bedroom

Pronunciation of Compound NounsCompound nouns have the main stress on the first word. N. +N. In the compound noun "golf ball", the first word is stressed more (even though both words are nouns, and nouns are always stressed). Since "golf ball" is a compound noun we consider it as a single noun and so it has a single main stress -- on the first word. Note: Adj. + N. In the phrase "pink ball", both words are stressed (as you know, adjectives and nouns are always stressed) but the main stress is onthe second word.

English is a stress language.

Stress is phonemic/ contrastive in English. In other words, different stress patterns result in different meanings.

adj. + n. n.+ n. a black bird v.s. a blackbird a high chair v.s. a high chair a white house v.s. White House

A compound noun n. + n. teaspoon soup spoon (function/use)But, when you have an adj. modifying a noun, the stress pattern is different. adj. + n. silver spoon (material)

English: stress language

Stress is the magic key to understanding spoken English.

Native speakers of English use stress naturally. Stress is so natural for them that they don't even know they use it.

Mandarin Chinese: tone language

Non-native speakers who speak English to native speakers without using appropriate stress pattern encounter two problems:

1.They find it difficult to understand native speakers, especially those speaking fast.

2.The native speakers may find it difficult to understand them.

Compound Nouns:

air conditionercomputer monitorblackboardeyeglassespencil boxhandbagdoorknob

Stress Pattern Simple Complex blackbird blackbird nest airplane airplane wing cowboy cowboy hat hot dog hotdog bun tap dance tap dance school lighthouse lighthouse keeper greenhouse greenhouse

effect

Stress is important in compound nouns. It helps us know if somebody said:

"a green HOUSE" (a house which is painted green) or

"a GREENhouse" (a building made of glass for growing plants inside) Worksheet

Phrasal verbs(a.k.a. two-word verbs

or two-part verbs)

=a verb + a preposition-like

adverb (a

particle)

In phrasal verbs, the adverb gets the stress. 

Phrasal Verbs

3-word phrasal words  =verb + adv. + prep.put up with drop out oflook forward to check up onkeep up with catch up withkeep out of come up withmiss out on get away withlook back on add up tocut down on run out of

Phrasal Verbs → Compound nouns

If we form a compound noun from a phrasal verb, the first part of the noun receives the stress.

phrasal verb → compound noun

let down letdown print out printout turn off turn-off take over takeover back up backup follow up follow-up

Pronunciation tip

We stress the second part of a phrasal verb and westress the beginning of a compound noun that is formed from a phrasal verb.

verb noun

work out V.S. workout

Warning:

Not all phrasal verbs form compound nouns. 

Never create a new one before checking a dictionary. 

Check out a dictionary to make sure the compound noun exists before you use it.

UPThis two-letter word in English has more meanings than any other two-letter word.

It is listed in the dictionary as an [adv], [prep], [adj], [n] or [v].

Let’s wrap up with a look at the interesting wordUP.