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Composting & Vermicomposting
Composting & Vermicomposting
1
Martin Wafler, seecon international gmbh
Composting & Vermicomposting
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Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source!Copyright
Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open-source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations.
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Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.
Copyright & Disclaimer
Composting & Vermicomposting
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Contents
1. Composting
2. Vermicomposting
3. Applicability
4. Advantages and disadvantages
3
Composting & Vermicomposting
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4
Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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Why composting?
1. Composting
• about 70 % of municipal waste is normally organic• organic waste can cause problems of smell, leachate, gas, and
stray animals in landfills• recycling at source is most economic and environment friendly
method of waste management• simple methods available• compost is valuable resource for farmers• composting at source keeps inorganic waste clean and makes
it easier for recycling
Composting & Vermicomposting
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6
Source: adapted from ENPHO
• process of decomposition of organic waste by micro-organism
• natural process (be made faster and more effective by mixing various types of waste and adjusting moisture, temperature and aeration)
• contains NPK and other plant nutrients including micro-organisms
steps of composting: • prepaeration (converting waste
into raw material)• production of compost• marketing
Concept
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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7Source: adapted from ENPHO
• waste collection• sorting into organic and inorganic• reduce size if necessary• adjust moisture content• starters/additives• adjust C:N ratio
Preparation
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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8Source: adapted from ENPHO
C/N-ratio in various substrates
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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9Source: adapted from ENPHO
Compost preparation
1. Composting
• place prepared waste in piles, windrows, chamber or bins • turn the compost regularly or arrange other ways to aerate the
waste• regularly monitor temperature & moisture
Composting & Vermicomposting
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10Source: adapted from ENPHO
Temperature during composting process
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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11Source: adapted from ENPHO
Finishing & Marketing
1. Composting
• screening & packaging• marketing strategy
◦ product- quality- packaging
◦ price- main distributor- Consumer
◦ place- distribution network
◦ promotion- mass communication- interpersonal
communication
Composting & Vermicomposting
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Home composting options
1. Composting
Source: adapted from ENPHO
Composting & Vermicomposting
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13
Composting at community & municipal level
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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14Source: adapted from ENPHO
• separate waste at source. Glass in the waste can result in injuries
• ensure proper C/N-ratio & chop waste in small pieces
• ensure proper amount of water and air to avoid smell
• prepare and implement proper marketing strategy (most compost projects fail because of poor marketing)
• regularly monitor composting process
Important points to remember
1. Composting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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Vermicomposting
Composting & Vermicomposting
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2. Vermicomposting
Concept
Source: http://www.yelmworms.com/_images/vermicomposting.gif
Composting & Vermicomposting
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2. Vermicomposting
How to do at home
Source: adapted from ENPHO
• prepare vessel or bin• add 2 inches (5 cm) of bedding materials• add worms• cut waste into small pieces and put in the
bin• keep bin covered with a moist cloth• put bin away from direct sunlight• regularly check moisture• harvest vermicompost every 3 to 4 months• store harvested compost for 2-3 weeks and
then remove the young worms
Composting & Vermicomposting
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3. Applicability
Composting & vermicomposting
• at source management of wet organic waste at household, community, and/or city level
Composting & Vermicomposting
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19
Composting
Disadvantages:
•waste segregation required
4. Advantages and disadvantages
Vermicomposting
Advantages:
•see above
•selling of worms
Disadvantages:
•maintain proper environmental conditions for worms
Advantages:
•recycling at source
•economic and environment friendly waste management
•simple methods available
•compost is valuable resource for gardeners/farmers
Composting & Vermicomposting 20
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”
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