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Workshop Technical Session 2
Pilot cases on Standardized Baselines
Waste Mangement
Standardized Baseline Opportunity forComposting & PoA Projects
Hemant Nandanpawar
TSF-Carbon Market ProgramAsian Development Bank
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Composting CDM Project
Composting is one of the main low cost / low technologybased effective measure of Solid waste Management
Composting project activity avoids continuous decaying
process of solid waste and helps in GHG emission reduction
It is one of the low investment measure but yet not verypopular due to poor operating economics
There is a great opportunity for composting projects in
developing countries
The carbon revenue can help to promote composting activityin the developing countries
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Major Issues of Composting projects
Annual Emission reductions potential of the small scalecomposting projects (small towns) is quite low as compared
to the CDM process transaction cost
Data collection for preparation of CDM- Project Design
Document (PDD) is cumbersome and difficult for PP of localmunicipalities
Its a complex CDM project as compared to normal
renewable energy CDM projects
Monitoring and record keeping requirements of CDM arealso expensive.
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Opportunities for promotion of CDM
for composting projects
Use of Programmatic Approach for small scale composting
projects - PoA approach will help to reduce the transaction
cost drastically and makes the whole CDM process easy and
fast. Use of Standardized Baseline Approach It will help to
reduce initial data collection efforts and expenses, required
during PDD preparation. Also, it will help to reduce
monitoring efforts and expenses.
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Composting projects for SB developmentFollowing composting projects of ADB project pipe line have
been considered for development of Standardized Baseline
Approach
Rajasthan Composting PoA project, India (under advanced
stage of validation)
Kerala Composting Project, India (Under advanced stage of
validation)
Bangladesh Composting PoA project, Bangladesh (Under
document development stage)
Methodology Used
AMS. III.F. Avoidance of methane through composting
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Step 1: Aggregation Level
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Country and Region
India including different states/regions with differentclimatic condition
Bangladesh Can include other countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka
where the required level of methane destruction is thesameSector, Technology
Waste Management, Composting process (avoidanceof anaerobic conditions)
Defined output level, Same level of serviceOther level of aggregation
Size of the town, waste composition
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Step 2: Additionality Demonstration
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Project should be treated additional ifcomposting activity is
Not a Mandatory requirement in the country orNot Enforced by the country law
AND it is Financially non attractive or Faces BarriersFinancial
Local habits
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Step 3: Baseline Identification
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The baseline is the most commonly useddisposal and treatment method
No scientific treatment to solid waste.Waste is just dumped on the allocated land
which will remain there permanantly and getsdecayed and leads to methane emission andground water pollutionDanger of explosion
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Step 4: Baseline Emission Factor
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Estimation of Baseline Emission Factor (BEF)
BEy = BE CH4, SWDS,y+ BEww,y+ BECH4,manure,y (MDy,reg * GWP_CH4 )
BE CH4, SWDS,y -to be determined from the Tool todetermine methane emissions avoided from disposal of
waste at a solid waste disposal site with standardizedparameter values It will be different for different representative Parties
regions/climatic zones. Respective party DNA needs to establish and standardize
Conservative EF should be appliedConservative values of parameters are to be selected
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Step 4: BEF Standardization of Parameters
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Major Parameters to be standardized for default values
Methane produced in the year y is calculated as follows:
BE CH4,SWDS,y = (1 f)GWPCH4 (1 OX).16/12.F.DOCj.MCF. Wjx.DoC. e -kj(y-x). (1.e-kj)
Composition of Solid Waste material Standardized percentage (%) of food, paper, wood garden, textile
and inert waste material of the region/party selected
Kj (Decay Rate) values for all waste materials based on region specificselected MAT (mean annual temp) and MAP (mean annual precipitation)for dry/wet climatic condition.
Range of Kj variation is 0.020 (slow degrading, MAT1000mm)
DoC (fraction of degradable organic carbon) values that can bedecomposed
Conservative default values should be selected for standardization
Different set of values to be finalized for different climatic regions/zones
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Step 4: BEF Standardization of values
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Kj Values
Boreal and temperare (MAT 20 C) Tropical (MAT > 20 C)
Dry (MAP/PET1)
Dry
(MAP1000mm
)
Slow
lydegrading
Pulp, paper and
cardboard0.040 0.060 0.045 0.070
Wood & Straw(excl. lignin)
0.020 0.030 0.025 0.035
Moderately
degrading
Garden/Park
Waste (organic
putrescibles)
0.050 0.100 0.065 0.170
Rapidly
degr
ading Food, food
waste,
beverages andtobacco
0.060 0.185 0.085 0.400
DOCj Values
Waste type jDOCj (% wetwaste)
DOCj (% drywaste)
Wood and woodproducts 43 50
Pulp paper andcardboard 40 44
Food, Foodwaste, beveragesand tobecco(Other thansludge) 15 38
Textiles 24 30
Garden, Yardamd Park waste 20 49
Glass, plasticmetal and otherinert material 0 0
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Step 4: BEF Sample Standardization Values
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Rajasthan Composting PoA Project CPA of 75 TPD Composition of Solid Waste - high inert waste of 41%, food-43%, paper/pulp-15%
Kj values Waste material specific, for temperate dry zone Sample Emission values
Kerala Composting Project - 85 TPD plant Composition of Solid Waste high food waste of 79%, inert 15%, paper /pulp-6% Kj values Waste material specific, for temperate dry zone Sample Emission values
Bangladesh Composting PoA Project CDM Study is going on
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PE 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378
BE 1110 2144 3107 4004 4840 5621 6349 7028 7662 8255
ER 732 1765 2728 3626 4462 5242 5970 6649 7284 7876
PE 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451
BE 6372 10706 13670 15713 17133 18133 18848 19368 19756 20052
ER 3921 8255 11219 13262 14682 15681 16396 16917 17305 17601
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Summary of SB and Way Forward
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Region/Country specific annual Baseline Emissions and accordinglyBEF needs to be established using standard parameter values in the
methane tool. Continuous monitoring of waste material composition is avoided with the
suggested standardization For PoA projects, first CPA data and selected parameter values should
be considered as standard data/values for BE and ER estimations of
later CPAs. Standardization of tool can help partial standardization of AM0025,AM057, AM0039, AM0083, AM0093, ACM001, AMS II-G, II H, III L, III H,III A.F, III A.J, AMS III A.O
DNAs needs to take initiatives for collection of relevant data forstandardization and needs to develop positive lists as per region/country
specific situations Private parties/organizations should be encouraged to submit
region/location specific SB data to DNAs for assessment and onwardsubmission
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Thank you very much for your
kind attention
Hemant Nandanpawar
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]