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Composition of Matter Properties ofMatter

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1. Elements and compounds are substances.A mL,iure is composed of two or more sub-stances.

5. The law of conservation of mass statesthat during any chemical change, matteris neither created nor destroyed.

2. Chemical propertiesindicate what chemicalchanges substances canundergo. Manymedicines arestored in darkbottles becausethey react withlight.

3. In physical changes, the identities ofsubstances remain unchanged.

4. In chemical changes, the identities of sub-stances change-new substances are formed.There is a visible chemical change that takesplace when rust is cleaned with bleach.

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 469

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of the chapter to help you review the classifications ofmatter.

1. Physical properties are characteristics ofmaterials that you can observe withoutchanging the identity of the sub-stance.

This is a clear indication that this is asuspenSIOn.. \

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3. Colloids and suspensionsare two types of hetero-geneous mixtures. Theparticles in a suspensionwill settle eventually.Particles of a colloid willnot. Milk is an exampleof a colloid.

4. In a homogeneous mix-ture' the particles are dis-tributed evenly and arenot visible, even whenusing a microscope. Homogeneous mLTIurescan be composed of solids, liquids, or gases.

5. A solution is another name for a homoge-neous mixture that remains constantly anduniformly I11Lxed.

2. You can distinguish between the differentmaterials in a heterogeneous mixture usingeither your unaided eyeor a nllcroscope.

chemical change p.462chemical property p.461colloid p.4S4compound p.452distillation p.461element p.450heterogeneous mixture

p.4S3homogeneous mixture

p.4S4

law of conservation ofmass p.465

physical change p.460physical property p.4S8solution p.454substance p.450suspension p.456Tyndall effect p.4SS

9. ""hich of the following is NOT an element?A) water C) oxygenB) carbon 0) hydrogen

10. Which of the following is an example of achemical change?A) boiling C) evaporationBj burning OJ melting

11. What type of substance is gelatin?Aj colloid C) substanceB) compound OJ suspension

C) a compoundOJ the Tyndall effect

Complete each sentence with the correctvocabulary word or words.

1. Substances formed from atoms of two ormore elements are called _

2. A(n) is a heterogeneons mixturein which visible particles settle.

3. Freezing, boiling, and evaporation are allexamples of _

4. According to the , matter isneither created nor destroyed during achemical change.

5. A mixture in which different materials areeasily identified is _

6. Compounds are made from the atoms oftwo or more _

7. Distillation is a process that can separatetwo liquids using _

• •CI100se the word a'· plume that best answersthe question.

8. Bending a copper wire is an example ofwhat type of property?A) chemical () conservationB) physical 0) element

12. A visible sunbeam is an example of whichof the following?Aj an elementB) a solution

13. You start to eat some potato chips from anopen bag you found in your locker andnotice that they taste unpleasant. What doyou think might cause this unpleasant taste?A) combustion C) physical changeB) melting OJ chemical change

14. How would you classify the color of a rose?A) chemical change C) chemical propertyBj physical change OJ physical property

15. How would you describe the process ofevaporating water from seawater?A) chemical change C) chemical propertyB) physical change OJ physical property

16. Which of these warnings refers to a chem-ical property of the material?Aj Fragile C) Handle with CareBj Flammable 0) Shake Well

17. Which of the following is a substance?A) colloid Cj mixtureBj element OJ solution

18. Which of these properties can be used tohelp identify an unknown substance?A) specific heat C) temperatureBj combustion 0) Tyndall effect

470 CHAPTER REVIEW\

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28. Interpret Data Hannah started with a25-mL sample of pond water. Withoutshaking the sample, she poured 5 mLthrough a piece of filter paper. Sherepeated this with four more pieces offilter paper. She dried each piece of fil-ter paper and measured the mass of thesedimen t. Why did the last sample havea higher mass than did the first sample?

29. Use Numbers In the following equation,243.5 g of Sb (antimony) react completelywith 1000 g of 12 (iodine) to form1004.9 g of SbI3 (antimony triiodide).How many grams of 12 were consumedin the reaction? 2 Sb + 3 12 ---7 2 SbI3

CHAPTER REVIEW 471

23. Explain The word colloidmeans "gluelike."Why was this term chosen to name certainmixtures?

24. Use a nail rusting in air to explain the lawof conservation of mass.

25. Explain Mai says that ocean water is a solu-tion. Tom says that it's a suspension. Canthey both be correct? Explain.

26. Use Variables, Constants, and Controls Marcostook a 100-cm3 sample of a suspension,shook it well, and poured equal amountsinto four different test tubes. He placed onetest tube in a rack, one in hot water, one inwarm water, and the fourth in ice water. Hethen observed the time it took for each sus-pension to settle. What was the variable inthe experiment? What was one constant?

27. Concept Map Make a network tree to showtypes of liquid mixtures. Include theseterms: homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneousmixtures, solutions, colloids, and suspensions.

Example

Gelatin

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Solid in a liquidSolid in agasGas in asolidSolid in a liquidliquid in agas

Colloid

Common Colloids

21. Describe the contents of a carton of milkusing at least four physical properties.

22. Explain Carbon and the gases hydrogenand OlI:ygen combine to form sugar. Howdo you know sugar is a compound?

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20. Different colloids can involve differentstates. For example, gelatin is formed fromsolid particles in a liquid. Complete thistable using these colloids: srl'loke, marsh-mallow, fog, and paint.

Use the table below to answer question 20.

19. Copy and complete the concept mapbelow about matter.

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c. compoundD. colloid

c. siliconD. o:>,,)rgen

Elements in Earth's Crust

5, AI Fe Ca Na K Mg OthersElements

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f---LI----'-:

... SO'"2 40'"'S 30'C 20

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S. Which element makes up 8 percent ofEarth's crust?A. ironB. aluminum

4. The most plentiful element in the universereadily burns in air. What is this chemicalproperty called?A. flammabilityB. ductilityC. densityD. boiling point

Use the graph below to answer questions 5 and 6.

2. CaC03 is an example of which type ofmaterial?A. elementB. mixture

Elements in the Universe

Use the graph below to answer questions 3 and 4.

Record your answers on the allswer sheetprovided by your teacher or 011 a sheet ofpaper.1. Which statement about elements is FALSE?

A. All atoms in an element are alike.B. There are about 1,000 elements found innature.

c. Some elements have been made inlaboratories.

D. Zinc, copper, and iron are elements.

C. oxygenD. calcium

Hydrogen93.5%

3. What percentage do the elements hydrogenand helium account for in the universe?A. 100% C. 98%B. 99.9% D. 99.8%

Directions and Instructions Listen carefully to theinstructions from the teacher and read the directions and eachquestion carefully.

6. Which element has the physical property ofmagnetism?A. sodiumB. iron

7. Which statement best decribes the law ofconservation of mass?A. The mass of the products is alwaysgreater than the mass of the materialswhich react in a chemical change.

B. The mass of the products is always lessthan the mass of the materials whichreact in a chemical change.

c. A certain mass of material must be pres-ent for a reaction to occur.

D. Matter is neither lost nor gained duringa chemical change.

472 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE