Composites Matrice CNav V2 En

8/11/2019 Composites Matrice CNav V2 En

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Composite materials:resins

Courard LucDpartement ArGEnCoSecteur GEMME Matriaux de Construction, Universit de Li e

!"# Local $%&"'()l* +(&' *-'*"+ Courril: Luc*Courard.ul *ac*/e

Gnie Minral

Matriaux & Environnement


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Classification of materials

Metals: atomic solids (T ambient )

Organic Polymers :materials

composed ofmoleculesCeramics: inorganic materials


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Elaboration and structure


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Polymers: structures

Homopolymers: - A A A A A A -Copolymers

E!: "inyl aceto-c#loride

Copolymers Alterned: - M$ M% M$ - M% -&loc's: - M$ M$ M$ - M% M% - M% -

tatistic: - M$ M$ M% M$ M% - M$ -


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(a) inear polymer

(b) Polymer *it#ramification

(c) +, polymer orreticulatedpolymer(infusible)


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Molecular eig#t (M) . (/ C atoms!$%) 0 (/ H atoms!$)

If the length of a PE monomer would be 1inch(2.54cm), PE macromolecule chain would have adiameter of 1/4inch (0.6cm) and a length of 1/3mile(805m)M = 1000000


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+, polymers

Elastomers

Hardness . f(#eatingconditions (duration1 T2)1proportion and type of"ulcani3ation agent)

C C C

C C C

S x S 1-2

iaisons polysulfure (!4%)

5ulcanisation au soufre

con"entionnel

iaisons mono- et di-sulfure

5ulcanisat soluble

iaisons carbone-carbone

5ulcanisation au dicumylpero!yde6esistance to#ig#temperaturesMec#anical

stengt#


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C#ains of macromolecules: manufactured int#e factory in order to build long molecules*it# *it# more t#an t#ousands or #undredt#ousands of units7operation . polymerisation + systems for 8 connecting 9 molecules ofmonomer toget#er:

polymerisationpolyadditionpolycondensation7


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Polymers: polymerisation

Monomers *it# at least $ double co"alentbond by molecule: operation .

polymerisation

n . $;;7;;;

H H H H

R

+ C = C R - C - C

H H H H


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Polymers: polymerisation

properties . f(n)


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Polym


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Polym


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Polymers: polycondensation

monomer $ . biacid (terep#talic acid)

a$ . a% . (-COOH) . % functions =acid=monomer % . bialco#ol (et#anol)

b$ . b% . (-OH) . % functions =alco#ol 9terep#talate polyet#ylen (P7E7T7)

H O O C COOH + HO - CH 2CH 2 - OH

HOOC COO - CH 2 - CH 2 - OH + H 2O

OH - CH2

- CH2

- OH

H O O C C O O H


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Polymers: manufacturing

c#emical reactors: effects of "arious parameters(temperature1 pressure1 monomer >uantity1 typeand >uantity of initiator1777)reaction into li>uid media (*ater)group of macromolecules - =solids= (*#enmolecular *eig#t becomes sufficient micelles dispersion of t#e polymer micelles into *ater(late! - dimensions of micelles : ?$; microns)7*ater e"aporation: polymer po*der7fusible po*der and manufacturing in moulds ort#roug# an e!truder7


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emi-crystallinepolymer

Crystalline3one


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emi-crystallinepolymer

(a) sp#eruliticstructure(before

d@formation)(b) fibrilar

structure(afterd@formation)

( 7M7 c#ult31 $B D)


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Polymers


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Types of resins


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6eticulated polymers&a'elitePolyuret#an (P 6)Polyesters (PE )Epo!y (EP)

6esins


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6esins

Mec#anical c#aracterisitics


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Epo!y resins


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Epo!y resin

Macromolecule

O CH2 CH O C R C O CH 2 CH CH2 O

O

R = radical organiqueCH2CHCH2O

O O


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Epo!y resin

PreparationFlycol epic#lor#ydrin 0 alco#ol$st p#ase: formation of a linear polymer(polycondensation)


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Epo!y resin

Preparation%nd p#ase:

#ardener (T G 2C) : aminsaction of #ardeners on:

epo!y groups (#ig#ly reacti"e)

OH groups (ad#esion)


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Epo!y resin

action of #ardeners (amines) on epo!y groups

6 . radical amine

6$ . bisp#enol


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Epo!y resin

action of #ardeners (amines) on -OH groups


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Epo!y resin

Components Accelerators: to speed of polymeri3ation or to *or' at lo*temperature,iluents (sol"ents): "iscosity easier to usePlastifiers: fle!ibility deformabilityInerts (silica1 >uart3)

e!ot#ermicity s#rin'age cost


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Epo!y resin

C#aracteristics 5ariables . f(resin1 inert)

5ery good ad#esion

,ensity resin,ensity resin 0 inets $1%%#rin'age of polymerisation J%1 K

Tensile strengt# L; MPa

Compressi"e strengt# $%; MPa

Elasiticity modulus D;;; MPa

6esistance to acids1 bases 5ery good


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Epo!y resin

Manufacturing Ad#esi"es

6epair productsFlue (Araldite )% components (resin 0 #ardener)

urface treatment (to a"oid rust1 grease177)sandblasting1 s#otblasting1 77ON for metals1 concrete1 *ood1 plastics1

Moulded resinsMoulds: *ood1 metal1 s#rin'age J %1 K (f( inertQ))


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Epo!y resin

ManufacturingCoating

Metal protection 5arnis# for *ood and metalCar painting

tratified productsit# glass fibersse: *#en T2


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Insaturated Polyesters


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Macromolecule

C C C C O R O

O H O

CH2

CH

n

6 . organic base


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Preparation,iacid 0 dialco#olInsaturated: double co"alent bond in 6 (saturated: no double co"alent bond linear6eticulation: "ia styrene$st p#ase: maleic acid mal@i>ue 0 et#ylen glycol

(polycondensation)


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Preparation%nd p#ase: dissolution of polyester into styrene (li'e asol"ent) and bonding agent

C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 O

O

O

O

+ CH2 CH

C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 OO

O

O

O C CH CH C O CH 2 CH2 O

O O

CH2

HC

CHO C CH C O CH 2 CH2 O


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C#aracteristics 5ariables . f(resin1 inert1 diol1 diacid)

5ery good ad#esion

6esin density $1$ to $1%

,ilatation coefficient B; to $;; $; -R

Tensile strengt# ; to ; MPa

Compressi"e strengt# $ ; MPa

Elasticity modulus + ;; to D ;; MPa6esistance to acids 5ery good


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Manufacturingtratified

6einforcement: glass6esistance to #ig# temperaturesHygroscopy . ;ImputrescibilityFood mec#anical c#aracteristics

6esistance to 757Moulding *it# contact


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Insaturated PolyestersMoulding *it# contact

Moulding *it# contact


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ManufacturingMi! Compound

Hig# "iscosity resin (*it# glass fibers1 inerts1 coloring1 )Moulding

Temperature: $$; $ ;2CPressure: $L; bars

Electric bo!es1

Polyester "arnis#SurnituresPro ection % components (pistoling)

6esin 0 catalysor

6esin 0 accelerator


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Polyuret#an 6esins


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Polyuret#an

Macromolecule

N C O CH 2 CH CH 2 O C N

H OO N

O

C

N H

n

O


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Polyuret#an

Preparationisocyanate 0 alco#ol

Elaboration of a linear component

if polyol (e!7 cellulose) P 6 reticuled


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Polyuret#an

ApplicationsSoams

fle!ible or rigid#ig#ly reacti"e: continuing process

*elling *it# H %O

finally:

l


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Polyuret#an

Soaming manufacturing

ApplicationsT#ermal insulation

and*ic# panels

P l #


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Polyuret#an

Soaming process and manufacturing

P l #


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Polyuret#an

Cellular gro*ing during rigid P 6 foaming

Polyuret#an

P l t#


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Polyuret#an

ApplicationsFlues

isocyanate 0 polyester

Temperature of maturation: $;;2C Ad#esion: glass1 metal1 *ood1 (less t#an Epo!y) 5arnis# paints

isocyanate 0 tri-ols (cellulose)

Electrical insulationteel protectionCoatings

isocyanate 0 polyester

Ad#esion: metal1 concrete1 asp#altses

Industrial coatings6epairInterla protection of pipes


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6ubber

Uat ral r bber


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Uatural rubber

Uatural rubber


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Uatural rubber

Uatural rubber: elastomer (not plastic material)E!tracted from late! (#@"@a1 ): *ater emulsion ofrubber - +;-D K solid matter (B;K rubber)E"aporation or coagulation by means of acidsrubber . linear polymer of isoprene (alip#atic#ydrocarbon)

Uatural rubber


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eng#t of c#ains: D;;; V R;;; monomers

Tg: less t#an -%;2C *#ic# means rubbery be#a"iorat ambient temperatureElastic material

Sle!ible macromolecular c#ainsFreater distance bet*een bridge points (? $;; atoms ofcarbons bet*een interconne!ions)

Uatural rubber

Uatural rubber


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5ulcani3ed elastomers: 8 reticulated polymers 9

6eticulation . "ulcani3ation (sulfur) 5ulcani3ation: mastication at temperature ($;; to$D; 2C) 0 additi"es (plastici3ers1 fillers1accelerators1 sulfur ($K)1 anti-o3one1 anti-o!idant1

777). D;min up to %#

Uatural rubber

Uatural rubber


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Uatural rubber

Ebonite rubber (#ardened)Q: D; to D K

o* deformationCoating on metal surfaces

Uatural rubber


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Uatural rubber

C#lorinated rubberC#loride into rubber solution

aturation f double co"alent bonds *it# Cl 0 modificationof t#e linear molecule (mo"ing H)Paints against corrosion s#ipsFlues

Artificial rubber


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Artificial rubber

Polymers or copolymers *it# same properties asnatural rubberPossible "ulcani3ation&etter properties t#an natural rubber

6esistance to oils1 greases1 sol"ents6esistance to #eat

or'ing under se"ere conditions6esistance to o!idation1 corrosi"e agents1 lo*temperatures

Mi!es *it# linear polymer

Artificial rubber


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Artificial rubber

&asic polymer: butadiene (polybutadiene)

5ulcani3ation *it# "ia double co"alent bondsCopolymer butadiene-styrene

Elasticity . f( butadieneQ)C#emical resistance6esistance ot o!idation

Artificial rubber


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Artificial rubber

Copolymer butadiene-styrene

Artificial rubber


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Artificial rubber

Polyc#loroprene or neopreneFood resistance to o3one1 temperature1 greases1 oils1 lig#t&etter tensile strengt#&ridge bearing and silent bloc's

Articles in contact *it# sol"ents


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tructure and properties ofrubber

6ubber: properties


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p p

Hardness: re"ersible elastic deformation induced bypunc#ing under a specific load

E modulusE; . f("ulcani3ation)

Ec . E t

6ubber: properties


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p p

trengt# at rupture deformation

6 t . $D-%L MPa6 c G $R; MPa

F . $W+ V X E

ess"ulcani3ation

6ubber: properties


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p p

trengt# at rupture deformation

6ubber: properties


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p p

Effects of en"ironmentTemperature: ON from -%;2C to ;2C (rigidity . f(T2))

at -D;2C: rigidity . %! rigidity at -%;2C

at -R;2C: cWc glassy and brittle

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