Compliance Framework, CK Chou, IEEE

Compliance Framework for Terminals

C-K. Chou, Ph.D. *Chairman, Technical Committee 95

International Committee on Electromagnetic SafetyInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Piscataway, New JerseyUSA

*speaking as an individual and not for IEEE

New Delhi, IndiaFeb 8, 2012

Slide 2IEEE ICES

Steps to address RF exposure safety

Scientific research

Peer-reviewed publication

Consensus standards

Regulations


Slide 3IEEE ICES

IEEE/ICES TC95/SC4

C95.1-2005 “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz”

Science-based recommendations are made to protect against all established adverse effects in human beings associated with RF exposure

3 kHz to 5 MHz, minimize effects associated with electrostimulation

100 kHz to 300 GHz, protect against effects associated with heating

Adopted by ANSI on November 2, 2006


Slide 4IEEE ICES

IEEE/ICES TC95/SC2

IEEE C95.7-2005 “Recommended Practice for Radiofrequency Exposure Safety Programs”

Designed to complement IEEE C95.1-2005.

To provide reasonable and adequate guidance for the controlled exposure to prevent or control hazards associated with RF sources


Slide 5IEEE ICES

•Exposure limits based on IEEE C95.1-1991 and National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 86 (1986)

•Measurement methods based on IEEE 1528 (published in 2003)

•Newer regulations by KDB Knowledge Data Base


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Interaction of IEEE ICES with Federal RF Interagency Working Group

Federal RF Interagency Working Group consists of officials from Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Communications Commission, Food and Drug Administration, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Meeting on May 9, 2006 to introduce the new C95.1-2005 standard, harmonization with ICNIRP on peak SAR, and power density limits for general population exposure

Meeting again on September 30, 2009


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Regulatory Status of Whole Body Exposure Limits for Antenna Sites

ICNIRP Guidelines Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Croatia, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, France, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, India, Ireland, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Omen, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovak, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Taiwan, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, UK, Venezuela

IEEE 1991/NCRP 1986 standard (FCC) Bolivia, Canada, Estonia (IEEE1991), Panama, USA

Below ICNIRP and IEEE Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia,

Belgium, Chile, Greece, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland

General Public Exposure Limit

Large Safety Margins

“Safety limit” Persons in Restricted Environment Exposure Limit

10x 50x

C95.1 standard revisionTerminology Clarification

RF radiation => RF exposureAvoid confusion with ionizing radiation

Safety limits => exposure limitsExposure limits with large safety margins


Slide 12IEEE ICES

FCC View on SAR labeling

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) For Cell Phones: What It Means For You“There is considerable confusion and misunderstanding about the meaning of the maximum reported Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values for cell phones (and other wireless devices).”“..the SAR values collected by the FCC are intended only to ensure that the cell phone does not exceed the FCC’s maximum permissible exposure levels even when operating in conditions which result in the device’s highest possible – but not its typical - RF energy absorption for a user.”*

The Bottom Line“….SAR between individual cell phones, which, in any event, is an unreliable comparison of RF exposure to consumers, given the variables of individual use.” http://www.fcc.gov/guides/specific-absorption-rate-sar-cell-phones-what-it-means-you

* “The average terminal output power for 3G voice calls was below 1 mW for any environment including rural, urban, and dedicated indoor networks.” Bioelectromagnetics, online: 19 OCT 2011


Slide 13IEEE ICES

For threshold effects, when a large margin of safety is assured, anything below is safe.

Whether it is a 50 foot tall or a 5 foot tall boat, they are all safe to go under the Golden Gate Bridge.


Slide 14IEEE ICES

SAR Assessment Standards


Slide 15IEEE ICES

IEC TC106

Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and

electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure


Slide 16IEEE ICES

IEC TC106 (members from 34 countries)

Scope: characterization of the electromagnetic

environments with regard to human exposure measurement methods; instrumentation and

procedures calculation methods assessment methods for exposure produced by

specific sources (in so far as this task is not carried out by specific product committees)

basic standards for other sources assessment of uncertainties


Slide 17IEEE ICES

IEC TC106

WG1: Measurement and calculation methods for low frequency (0 to 100 kHz) electric and magnetic fields and induced currents

WG2: Characterization of low frequency electric and magnetic fields from specific devices

WG3: Measurement and assessment of high frequency(100 kHz to 300 GHz) electromagnetic fields

WG4: Characterization of high frequency electromagnetic fields and specific absorption rate (SAR) produced by specific sources

WG5: Generic standards: general application and common practices


Slide 18IEEE ICES

IEEE ICES TC95/SC1

Reaffirmed in 2007


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IEEE ICES TC34/SC1

A revision made to extend frequency range to 6 GHz –in ballot


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•Adopted by CENELEC as EN62209-1:2006

•Edition 2 is under revision


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IEEE ICES TC34 Subcommittee 1 (Experimental Methods)

1528 to address 0.3 - 6 GHz measurement methods

Approved by IEEE voting at 92% (July 17, 2011)

Collaborates with IEC 62209-1 – measurements 0.3 – 6 GHz

Efforts to develop IEC/IEEE dual logo standard


Slide 22IEEE ICES

•Hand-held and body-mounted wireless devices

•Adopted by CENELEC as EN62209-2:2010

•Corresponding draft product standard under voting by EU National Committees


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IEEE ICES TC34 SC1 & IEC TC106 MT1-62209 – Experimental methods

Address head & body SAR 0.3 - 6 GHz by measurements

Goal: IEC/IEEE dual-logo standard

Current topics – hand effect to head SAR, separation distance in body SAR and hand SAR (in future)

Revised versions of IEEE 1528 and IEC 62209-1 CDV New features – frequency range > 6 GHz, Fast SAR, SAR test

reduction


Slide 24IEEE ICES

Radio Base Station standards

IEC 62232-2011 Determination of RF field strength and SAR in the

vicinity of radio communication base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure

Technical report IEC 62669-2011 Case studies supporting IEC 62232


Slide 25IEEE ICES

Worldwide Harmonization of RF standards

One RF exposure standard IEEE C95.1/ICNIRP guidelines

(Harmonized on major issues and limits) Converge of science based standards

One portable device SAR measurement standard IEC 62209-1/IEEE 1528 (at ear)

(Totally harmonized) IEC 62209-2 (in front of face, body)

Other portable and mobile devices SAR computational standards IEC and IEEE close collaboration, Dual logo


Slide 26IEEE ICES

Conclusions

ICNIRP and IEEE have RF exposure standards, with large safety margins to protect all population

IEEE and IEC have RF exposure assessment standards FCC 1997 regulation was based on IEEE 95.1-1991 and

NCRP report 86 (1986) IEEE C95.1-2005 has harmonized with ICNIRP guidelines

on SAR limits and power density limits for general public exposures

No more international RF exposure standard supports the local peak SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg averaged in 1 g tissue


Slide 27IEEE ICES

Harmonization

One Sun in the Sky

Thank you [email protected]

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Compliance Framework, CK Chou, IEEE