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CoordinationNumber Geometry Example

2 linear Ag[NH3)2]+

4 tetrahedral [Zn(CN)4]2-

4 square planar [Ni(CN)4]2-

5   trigonalbipyramid

Fe(CO)5

5  Square

pyramidal

[Ni(CN)5]3-

6 octahedral [Fe(CN)6]4-

•  

 

•   ,

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C C

()

•    

.

•     – C2(3)4B2   B2(3)4C2

 –  C B ,

.

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(C)

•   C2 (3)4B2   B2 (3)4C2

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(C)

•    ( )

.

•   :C(2)6C3   C(2)5CC22 C(2)4C2C222

•   () .

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(C) C(2)6C3   CC(2)5C2

.2 CC2(2)4C

.22

3 C

2 C

, 1 2

1 C

, 2 2

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(C)

•  

.

•   :(3)4C6 C2(3)4C4

•  

.

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(C)

(3)4C6

C2(3)4C4

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(C)

•    

. C C

2

•   :

C(2)(3)5C2   . C(2)(3)5C2 – 

.

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(C)

C(2)(3)5C2   C(2)(3)5C2

Co

H3N

H3N NH3

NH3

O

NH3

2+N

O

Co

H3N

H3N NH3

NH3

NH3

2+O

N

O

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•    

.

•   C .

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•    

.

•    

()

().

•   .

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C2(3)2   C2(3)2

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•  

C A2B2C2

:

•  

•  

•  

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()

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()

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()

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()

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()   ()

() ()

  3

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•    

.•  

()

.

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•   :

()

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•  

. – 

.

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() ()

•   DCC2()2+

() ()

•   DCC2()2+

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•   C(2)3(3)3

•   D  – () () ()

 – () () ()

•   D   –  ()

 – 

() ()

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• C

(2)63+

(2)62+

(2)62+

(2)62+

(2)62+

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B &

,

. C,

.

,

.

,

.

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A

,

.

,

.

,

,

;

.

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,

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•   C

.

•   C .

•   , C

•    

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•   C

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C

•   ,

, , . –  

  ( , , ) 2 ( ).

•   A ( )

:

1. ()

2. A (2).

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•   .

•   2

2

2

 •   , , .

•   , ,   2 

•   , , .

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•  

C ∆.

•   ∆  .

    ∆

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C C

3+

(

6

)

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C •    

.

 –   .

 –  

•   C,

 –  

•  

,∴

. D

, ∴

.

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43

•   ,

( )

•   , ( )

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Complex Ion Wavelength of 

Light Absorbed

(nm)

Color of Light

Absorbed

Color of 

Complex

[CoF6]3+   700 Red Green

[Co(C2O4)3]3+   600, 420, Yellow, violet Dark green

[Co(H2O)6]3+ 600, 400, Yellow, violet Blue-green

[Co(NH 3)6]3+

475, 340 Blue,ultraviolet

Yellow-orange

[Co(en) 3]3+   470, 340 Blue, ultraviolet Yellow-orange

[Co(CN) 6]3+   310 Ultraviolet Pale yellow

400   500 600 800

&

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, &

•C

M

222

 

M

22   2

 

M

2

22

  . ∆∆∆∆

∆∆∆∆

∆∆∆∆

  ∆∆∆∆       8

( )

.., 2+, 2+, +, 3+

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C C

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C C

•   B

 – •  

34   4   4   

4, 4, 3

4, 4, 4

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Coordination

Number Geometry

Metal

Hybridization Example

2 linear sp Ag[NH3)2]+

4 tetrahedral sp3 [Zn(CN)4]2-

4 square planar dsp2 or sp2d [Ni(CN)4]2-

5  trigonal

bipyramid  dsp3

  Fe(CO)5

5  Square

pyramidal  d2sp2

  [Ni(CN)5]3-

6 octahedral d2sp3 or sp3d2 [Fe(CN)6]4-

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C

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C

•   46.

()•   , ,

?

•   6 .

•   5 .

•   32 .

C

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C

•   (3)6C2.

()

•   , ,

?

•   6 .

•   1

•   23 .