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Completion_Reservoir Drill in Fluids
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1
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Global Research & Technology Centre/ GRTC
Training Department
Completion & Completion & Reservoir Reservoir Drill Drill ––In In
FluidsFluids
Completion & Completion & Reservoir Reservoir Drill Drill ––In In
FluidsFluids
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Definition - Completion Fluid
A Completion Fluid may be defined as any fluid that is
used during the completion operation…after the well has
been drilled and before any oil and/or gas has been
produced from the formation.
2
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Definition - Workover Fluid
A Workover Fluid may be defined as a fluid that is used during remedial or workover operations after a well has produced oil and/or gas.
It can be the same fluid as the
completion fluid.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Why Use Brines
MINIMIZEFORMATION DAMAGE!!
3
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Performance Criteria
• control formation pressures
• circulate and transport solids
• protect the productive zone
• stable at surface and downhole
• safely handled
• environmentally friendly
• readily available
• cost effective
SCOMI OILTOOLS
TYPES OFCOMPLETIONANDWORKOVER FLUIDS
4
SCOMI OILTOOLS
COMMON DENSITIES
SINGLE SALT SOLUTIONS
• AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 8.4 - 8.9 PPG
• POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 8.4 - 9.7 PPG
• SODIUM CHLORIDE 8.4 - 10.0 PPG
• CALCIUM CHLORIDE 8.4 - 11.6 PPG
• SODIUM FORMATE 8.4 - 11.1 PPG
• SODIUM BROMIDE 8.4 - 12.5 PPG
• POTASSIUM FORMATE 8.4 - 13.1 PPG
• CALCIUM BROMIDE 8.4 - 14.2 PPG
• ZINC BROMIDE 19.3 - 21.0 PPG
SCOMI OILTOOLS
COMMON DENSITIES
MULTIPLE SALT SOLUTIONS
• NaCl/NaBr 10.1 - 12.4 PPG
• NaHCO2/KHCO2 11.2 - 13.1 PPG
• CaCl2/CaBr2 11.7 - 15.1 PPG
• CaBr2/ZnBr2 19.2 PPG
• CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2 15.2 - 19.1 PPG
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
“SPIKE” FLUIDS
CALCIUM BASED
• 11.6 PPG CaCl2
• 14.2 PPG CaBr2
• 15.1 PPG CaCl2/CaBr2
• 19.2 PPG CaBr2/ZnBr2
SCOMI OILTOOLS
“SPIKE” FLUIDS
SODIUM BASED
• 10.0 PPG NaCl
• 12.5 PPG NaBr
6
SCOMI OILTOOLS
COMPLETION AND WORKOVER FLUIDSPROPERTIES AND TESTING
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Properties
• Density � determined by a hydrometer.
• TCT �True Crystallization Temperature.
• pH � pH paper is OK...a meter is better.
• Solids Content ���� determined by centrifuging.
• Turbidity ���� determined by an NTU meter.
• Viscosity � Marsh funnel.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Density
To check for brine density use:
Hydrometer
Note: If you do not know the approximate density of thefluid you are weighing…use a mud balance to get you inthe ballpark.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Density
Can be adjusted by adding
• water
• “Spike” Fluids
• Dry salts
NOTE: adjusting the density usually adjusts the TCT of the fluid…unless the salt concentrations are balanced as a part of the density adjustment.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Crystallization Temperature
• Each salt has a maximum solubility in water before it willprecipitate out of solution. This maximum solubility is afunction of the temperature of the water.
• The crystallization temperature of the a brine is definedas the temperature at which a solid will form andprecipitate out of solution.
• Operations utilizing completion fluids must account for the crystallization temperature by recognizing the coolest temperature to which the bulk of the brine will be exposed for any significant period of time.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Crystallization Temperature
For example:• A completion fluid standing
static in the riser of a deepwaterwell may reach the thermalequilibrium with the water at thesea floor or mud line. Thissituation must be taken intoaccount to avoid crystallizedfluid in the riser even thoughthe surface conditions may besunny and warm and the BHT ishigh.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Solids ContentSolids Content
Solids Content
Determined by
Centrifuging
SCOMI OILTOOLS
pH
• Salt Typical pH
• 11.6 ppg Calcium Chloride 6.5 to 7.5
• 14.2 ppg Calcium Bromide 6.5 to 7.5
• 15.0 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2 6.0 to 7.0
• 16.0 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2 4.5 to 5.0
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
pH
• Salt Typical pH
• 17.0 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2 3.5 to 4.0
• 18.0 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2 2.5 to 3.0
• 19.0 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2 1.5 to 2.0
• 19.2 ppg CaBr2/ZnBr2 <1.5
• The more Zinc Bromide that you have in a fluid,
the lower the pH will be.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Turbidity
• Turbidity is a function of the cleanliness of the fluid. If thefluid contains drilling mud solids, undissolved salt, pipe scale,air etc., the turbidity will be high.
• The NTU value is lowered by cleaning the fluid. This isaccomplished by allowing the solids to settle out or float,filtering the fluid through cartridges, through a DE filterpress, or all of the above.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Turbidity Meter (NTU Readings)
Sample Bottle
Calibration Sample
NTUMeter
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Density Control
INCREASE THE DENSITY OF A SINGLE SALT FLUID
• Do = density of original, ppg
• Df = density of final, ppg
• Wo = water of original, bbl/bbl brine
• Wf = water of final, bbl/bbl brine
• So = salt of original, lb
• Sf = salt of final, lb
• Vo = original volume of brine, bbl
• Vf = Final volume of brine, bbl
WoSf
Salt Required (lbs) = Vo --------- - So
Wf
VoWoFinal Volume (bbl) = -------------
Wf
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Density Control
CoWf
Wa = Water added = Vo --------- - Wo
Cf
CoBf
Ba = Bromide Salt added = Vo --------- - Bo
Cf
VoCo
Vf = Final Volume = ---------Cf
• INCREASE DENSITY OF A TWO SALT FLUID WITH DRY
CALCIUM BROMIDE.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Buy-Back
• The typical “Buyback” for completion fluids with a densityabove 11.6 ppg is 80% of the selling price, less the cost ofreclamation.
• A fluid that sold for $125.00/bbl initially and had a reclamationcost of $7.00/bbl would have an ending value of $93.00/bbl.We would give the customer credit for $93.00/bbl of reclaimedfluid.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Mass Balance
• Fluids are said to be “Mass Balanced” when two or more fluidsare blended together and the combined volume and combineddensity becomes the new volume and density.
• TCT’s are not a function of Mass Balancing.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Salt Table
14
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Mass Balance – The Easy Way
• HEAVY FLUID 15.1
• DESIRED FLUID 13.0
• LIGHT FLUID 12.5
2.6 2.6
EXAMPLE:
RAISE DENSITY OF 12.5 PPG FLUID TO 13.0 PPG, USING 15.1 PPG
SPIKE FLUID. FINISH WITH 600 BARRELS OF VOLUME
DIVIDE DIFFERENCES BY TOTAL DIFFERENCE AND INVERT THEVALUES. THE FRACTION OF 15.1 PPG IS .192 BBLS AND THEFRACTION 0F 12.5 PPG IS .808 BBLS. MULTIPLY THE FRACTIONTIMES THE DESIRED VOLUME TO FIND THE AMOUNT OF EACHFLUID.
2.1 0.5/2.6 = .192
0.5 2.1/2.6 = .808
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Typical Wellsite Filtration System Setup
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Filtration Unit
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement & Wellbore Displacement & Wellbore CleanClean--UpUp
16
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement Method
Forward Reverse Indirect
Displace with
water
Drilling mud
Displacement
spacers
SCOMI OILTOOLS
WELL CLEAN-UP DESIGN
Suggested Standard Procedure.
It would be good practice to follow the program of clean-up pillsas listed below, if the rig pit system allows:
A Viscosified Surfactant Spacer.This is designed to act as a piston displacing the existingwellbore fluid efficiently out of the hole. It is best pumped inlaminar flow to push the wellbore fluid up the annulus. A YieldPoint of 40 – 50 lbs/100 ft2 is recommended.
A Solvent Wash.This is used to dissolve any mud residue, pipe dope or minorscale on metal surfaces. This non-viscosified pill is best pumpedin turbulent flow.
A Surfactant Spacer.This pill is NOT viscosified to ensure turbulent flow and isdesigned to prevent channeling and lift residual solids from thehole.
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
DISPLACEMENT & HYDRAULICS SOFTWARE
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Hydraulics Software
18
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Clean-Up Tool
• Scrapers
• Brushes
• Magnets
• Debris Management Tools
• Jetting Subs
• Circulating Tools
• Pipe Rotation
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Xanthan vs. HEC
• Xanthan has superior suspension and transport
properties
• Xanthan slips at the wall, HEC grabs
• Xanthan used in brine < 10.5 lb/gal CaCl2 HEC used
in all brines and densities
• XC and HEC can be used in combination in up to 11.4
lb/gal CaCl2 brine
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Suspension in HEC and XC
XANTHAN-GUM
2 lbs/bblHEC
4 lbs/bbl
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Velocity Profiles
HEC Xanthan
Area of high friction drag
Slip area
20
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Cleaning Spacer Design
After 5 Minutes Rating 2 After 8 Minutes Rating 1 Aft er 10 Minutes Rating 1
11.6 ppg 3% Safe Solv OM 5% Safe Surf O 0% Contami nation and 13.2ppg Nova Plus @100rpm/ 42fpm
Clean Dry Sleeve Sleeve Coated with 13.2 ppg SBM Afte r 3 Minutes Rating 2
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement Evaluation
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
WELL CLEAN-UP DESIGN
Well name : Angsi C-11
Well Geometry :9 5/8" Csg Shoe 3797 m 9 5/8" section Length 3797 m DP in 9 5/8" csg 5.5 in
9 5/8" Csg ID 8.681 in 5.5" DP ID 4.778 in7" Casing Shoe 6527 m 7" section length 2730 m DP in 7" csg 3.5 in
7" Csg ID 6.366 in 3.5" DP ID 2.6 in
Pill Volume
Type ( bbl ) 9-5/8" 7" 9-5/8" 7" 9-5/8" 7"
Casing Casing Casing Casing Casing Casing (gpm) ( bpm )
Surfactant Pill Flowzan 2ppb Flowzan 3
(viscosified) RinseAid 30% Rinse Aid 14
Solvent Pill 120 Super Pickle 50%
Super Pickle 31 835 1332 15 15 Turbulent Turbulent 336 8
Surfactant Pill 80 RinseAid 30% Rinse Aid 14 556 888 10 10 Turbulent Turbulent 336 8
Sea water > 1127 > 8
Brine (filtered) 1127 Brine > 8
880
Casing Clean-Up
Flow Rate
336
Contact Length ( m ) Flow Regime
556 888 10
Product Usage (sack, drum)
Product Concentration
(ppb, % v/v)
Laminar Turbulent
Contact Time (min)
10
XXX
SCOMI OILTOOLS
CLEAN-UP DESIGN
Visc. Un. Visc. Visc. Un. Visc.
bpm gpm Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant
3.7 157 Lam. Lam. Lam. Lam. Lam. Lam.
6 255 Lam. Lam. Lam. Lam. Turb. Turb.
8 336 Lam. Turb. Turb. Lam. Turb. Turb. RECOMMENDED
10 420 Lam. Turb. Turb. Lam. Turb. Turb.
12 504 Lam. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb.
14 588 Lam. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb.
20.3 854 Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb. Turb.
FLOW RATEREMARKS
Solvent Solvent
9 5/8" Annulus 7" Annulus
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
NTU vs TIME CHART
NTU vs Time
0
30
60
90
0:30
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
5:30
6:00
Time (24 hrs)
NTU
Unfiltered Seawater out
Displace to 8.9 ppg Filtered NaCl + 3% KCl Brine
Filtered NaCl + 3% KCl Brine at surface
SCOMI OILTOOLS
NTU vs CIRC. CYCLE - CHART
NTU vs Number of Surface to Surface
0
30
60
90
1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 3.25 3.75
Number of Surface to Surface
NT
U
Unfiltered Seawater out
Displace to 8.9 ppg Filtered NaCl + 3% KCl Brine
Filtered NaCl + 3% KCl Brine at surface
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SCOMI OILTOOLS
Reservoir DrillReservoir Drill--In In FLuidsFLuids
SCOMI OILTOOLS
The DifferenceThe Difference
● Typically used to drill only the producing formation
● Non-damaging
● Low solids
● Does not contain clay (gel) and/or dispersants
● Compatible with formation
● Additives are soluble in typical chemical treatments e.g. acid, enzymes, chelants, oxidizers
● Inhibitive to formation clays
● Compatible with the completion
24
SCOMI OILTOOLS
The DifferenceThe Difference
Property Drilling Mud RDIF
Density Barite Base fluid
Viscosity Gel Bio-polymer
Fluid Loss gel/polymer Starch
Bridging Barite Calcium carbonate,
Sized salt
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Why use Reservoir DrillWhy use Reservoir Drill--In Fluids?In Fluids?
To maximize production by minimizing damage to the formation and completion assembly!
25
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Solids PluggingSolids Plugging● filtrate invasion / solids contamination● fines migration● Inadequate displacement
Chemical IncompatibilityChemical Incompatibility● clay / shale swelling● inducing fines migration● fluid-fluid interactions
● emulsions, precipitation (scaling)● wettability reversal
How do we damage the formation How do we damage the formation and/or Completion Assembly?and/or Completion Assembly?
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Reservoir Drilling Fluid Design Criteria
Drilling Issues
� Density for Well Control / Wellbore Stability
� Rheology for Hole Cleaning & Suspension
� Minimum ECD
� Lubricity
� Low Fluid Loss
� Formation Inhibition
� Environmental restrictions
� Thermal Stability
� Contaminant Stability
� Availability
26
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Completion Issues
Type of completion planned e.g. open hole, cased hole, screen completion, gravel pack etc.
Efficient removal of RDF residues/filter cake
● Clean-up without treatment? (flowback)
● Chemical breakers
● Displacement to completion fluid
Compatible with procedures and equipment
● Completion tool restrictions
Reservoir Drilling Fluid Design Criteria
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Reservoir Issues
● Compatibility with formations drilled
● Fluid Compatibility
● Expected Fluid Production (Type & Volume)
● Pore Size
● Pore Interconnectivity
Reservoir Drilling Fluid Design Criteria
27
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Reservoir Drilling Fluid Design Criteria
1) Typically used to drill only the producing formation
2) Engineered to maintain drill solids below target
3) Relatively low amount of Bridging Solids
4) Typically does not contain inert solids or gel
5) Bridging solids are acid/chelant soluble
6) Inhibitive to formation Clays
7) Compatible with Formation Fluids
8) Compatible with the completion screens
9) Compatible with Sand Control Screen
SCOMI OILTOOLS
ViscosifiersViscosifiers
● High yielding xanthan gum or biopolymer
● Clarified / Dispersible
● Provides LSRV
● High thermal stability.
● Not affected by acids/alkalis over a wide pH range (2.5 to 10)
Usually 0.75 ppb to 2.0 ppb
28
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Fluid Loss Control AgentsFluid Loss Control Agents
● Hydroxypropyl, X-linked, starch
● High Thermal Stability
● Synergy with xanthan and scleroglucan
Usually 4 ppb to 7.5 ppb
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Pre-Planning
RDF Questionnaire - location, BHT, BHP, wellbore geometry, etc
Mineralogical Information -permeability, porosity, clay content, etc
Completion Information -completion assembly type, tools, etc
Rig Information - solids control availability, volumes, etc
Interview Engineers - determine primary objective and concerns,etc
29
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Required InformationRequired Information
● Completed Questionnaire
● Well Diagram
● Completion Design
● Core sample or formation data e.g. thin section, core flood
results, XRD
● Established metrics/objectives
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Fluid Optimization
● Test and Evaluate Properties -Fluid Loss (modified HTHP or PPA), Rheological Profile (LSRV), Hot Roll & Static Age, Swellmeter, Shale Dispersion test, Emulsion Tests, etc.
● Test a variety of products and compositions.
● Use SOFTWARE for determining blend of bridging particles.
● Use Brookfield Rheometer to determine optimum LSRV
30
SCOMI OILTOOLS
RDF Lab TestsRDF Lab Tests
● Density
● Static age and hot roll
● Viscosity Profile
● Fluid loss data (dynamic and static), PPT/HTHP
● Compatibility tests
● Cleanup treatment
● Compatibility with Completion assembly
● Return permeability
SCOMI OILTOOLS
RDF SystemsRDF Systems
• The primary mechanism for minimizing the invasion of solids/liquids on all RDF systems is creating a thin, impermeable filter cake.
31
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Bridging Agents Objectives
• Thinner filter cake
• Reduced chance of wellbore problems
• Minimize invasion of solids and fluid
• Less formation damage
• More efficient cleanup
• Better productivity
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Bridging Theories - Choosing PSDChoosing PSD
Abrahm’s rule • “The median particle size ofthe bridging material shouldbe equal to or slightly greaterthan 1/3 the median pore sizeof the formation.”
• The concentration of bridgingparticles must be at least 5%by volume of these solids inthe fluid
32
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Ideal Packing Theory
● “Ideal packing occurs when the percent of cumulative volume versus the D 1/2 forms a straight line relationship” - SPE 58793
● Provides the optimum PSD for bridging the opening created by the bridging solids
● In un-weighted fluids 2-3% by volume is sufficient to form an optimum seal
● In weighted fluids or high solids laden fluids the guidelines are more flexible
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Pore Opening Size
D1/2
Abrahm’s rule
133 microns
33
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Particle Size Distribution/PSD
Closest Mixture Utilizing CaCO3 for a 133 Micron Op ening
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 5 10 15 20 25
Square Root (Microns) D 1/2
Cum
lutiv
e %
Bel
ow
Target Line
CaCO, 2
CaCO3 10
CaCO3 40
CaCO3 250
Closest Mix W/CaCO3
SCOMI OILTOOLS
HyPR-BRIDGE
Scomi Software
34
SCOMI OILTOOLS
RDF Design Tools
SCOMI OILTOOLS
+-
+-
+-
CORE
Piston
Piston
ISCO PUMP
BPR
OVERBURDEN PUMP
Drill-InFluid
BPR
BPR
OVEN
ValidyneDelta PressureTransducersViscosity Coil
Hassler Cell
HIGH PRESSURE , HIGH TEMPERATURE - RETURN PERMEABILITY APPRATUS
ISCO
PR
Return Gas Cylinders
Mud CoilsBrine Coils
Humidifier
35
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Cleanup Design
Test to determine Return
Permeability - Return
Permeameter, modified HTHP or
PPA, Production Screen Tester,
etc. Test various methods of
cleanup including flow back only,
single step or two step chemical
cleanup treatments using acids,
enzymes and/or oxidizers.
Air-D rivenPump
BPR
O VERBURDEN PUM P
ISC O
CO NTINO US F LO WP UMP
BP R
BPRCompletionScreen
S creen G ate
Core S ample
Air Dr iven Cylinder
F luid Chamber
FORM ATION EVALUATIONCOMPLETIO N SIMULATOR
PressureTransducers
WASTE
STEMULATION
DRILLING
HAS TELLOYTRAN SFER VES SELS
HY DRAULIC DISPLA CEM ENTCYLIND ER
COMPLETION
Before After
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Chemical Breakers
Filter Cake Oxidizer: SpottyBreaks in Cake
Acid: “Wormholes”
Enzyme/Chelant: Cake Removal
36
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Common Breakers
Oxidizers
• Lithium Hypochlorite
• Sodium Hypochlorite
• Calcium Hypochlorite
• Internal Breakers
Enzymes
• Starch specific
• Cellulose specific
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Breaker Options
• Multi
•Oxidizer/Acid
•Acid/Acid
• Single
• Acid
• Oxidizer
• Enzyme(s)
• Enzyme/Chelant
• No Clean-up
37
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Chemical Cleanup Options
Chemical Options
� Acids – Attack polymers above 120oF and calcium
carbonate in WB, water wet reversible invert emulsion fluid
� Oxidizers – Attack polymers above 80oF in WB fluids
� Enzymes – Attack specific polymers above 40oF (usually
starch) in WB fluids
� Chelants – Dissolve calcium carbonate in WB fluids.
Performance may be enhanced with enzymes or oxidizers
� No Treatment – Flowback through completion assembly
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Breaker Selection
Factors that effect Breaker Selection
• BHT
• Length of open hole
• Fluid Density
• RDF formulation
• Completion assembly
• Condition of RDF
• Completion design
What to use, when to use it & how do you get it What to use, when to use it & how do you get it there?there?
38
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Field Testing and Evaluation
Monitor fluid properties with :
• Modified HTHP or PPA
• Production Screen Tester
• Brookfield Rheometer
• Solids Determination Test
• etc.
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Production Screen Tester (PST)Production Screen Tester (PST)
• Manufactured in Stainless Steel
• Many parts standard OFI fittings
• Cell capacity - 1200 ml
• Weight - 10.5 kg
• Max. Pressure - 100 psi
• Robust Construction
• Quick and Simple to Use
39
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Production Screen Tester (PST)Production Screen Tester (PST)
• The RDF is designed utilizing properly sized bridging/ weighting agents.
• The PSD of the bridging/weighting agents meet the required PSD in order not to plug the completion assembly.
ProductionScreen
ReceivingCup
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Example of Screen Plugging
40
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Example of Screen Plugging
Shale and mud plugging screensShale and mud plugging screensShale and mud plugging screens
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Brookfield Brookfield RheometerRheometer
• Maintaining the Low Shear Rate Viscosity (LSRV) with a Brookfield Rheometer is critical to proper hole cleaning and suspension.
• An LSRV of 40,000 cp at 0.063sec-1 is typical.
41
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Completion ProcedureCompletion Procedure
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement Of Horizontal Section Prior To Running the Completion Assembly
RDIF RDIF SystemSystemSolids Free pillSolids Free pill
Displace the used RDIF system with a Solids Free pill in the open hole and +500’ inside of the casing
42
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement of the Casing Above the Displacement of the Casing Above the Horizontal SectionHorizontal Section
Completion brineCompletion brine
Solids Free pillSolids Free pill
Pull hole opener +300 inside casingDisplace the used RDIF system with spacers and completion brinePull out of the hole to pick up screens
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Completion Assembly In Horizontal Section
Completion fluidCompletion fluid
Solids Free pillSolids Free pill
ScreensScreens
Run screens to bottom, set and test packer
43
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displace out the Solids Free pill with the completion fluid
Solids Free pillSolids Free pill
Completion fluidCompletion fluid
Displacement Clean-up procedure
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement Clean-Up Sequence
Completion fluidCompletion fluid
Breaker solutionBreaker solution
Spot the breaker solution in the open hole and soak for the specified amount of time
44
SCOMI OILTOOLS
Displacement Clean-Up Sequence
Completion fluidCompletion fluid
Breaker solutionBreaker solution
After the soak period has elapsed, displace the breaker solution out of hole with completion fluid
SCOMI OILTOOLS
DRILLING WITH
RESERVOIR DRILL-IN FLUIDS
CASE HISTORY
45
SCOMI OILTOOLS
OPTA-FLO Sized Salt – A Reservoir Drill – In FluidsBackground:
November 2006 : The well Sumandak A-01 was drilled with waterbased mud system HYDRO-FOIL GEN 2- KCL/PHPA to TD at depth1645m MD/ 1330m TVD with 40.7 deg angle and 160 oF BHST. Thewell was drilled with 13 3/8” casing set at 843m MD, 9 5/8” casing at1488m MD with 9.5 ppg. The 8 ½” hole was planned to be open holecompleted where 7” production WWS screen planned to be set at1645m MD through the U1.1 and U1.2 sands. Scomi Oiltools has beenrequested to propose drill-in fluid system for this particular 8 ½”section that has characteristic of non-formation damage and easyclean-up after the production sand screen set.
Scomi Oiltools Solution:
Scomi Oiltools had proposed the OPTA-FLO Sized Salt RDIF whichwas formulated and tailored to the given well data. The productswere carefully chosen and tested in the lab. Final formulation asfollows i.e. saturated NaCl with 3% w/w KCL in brine, MagnesiumOxide 1.0 ppb as pH buffer, clarified starch OPTA STAR PLUS 4.0ppb, High clarity viscosifier OPTA ZAN ( premium grade) 1.5 ppb,with sized salt 5E ( 5µm) 15 ppb and 20E ( 20µm) 31 ppb as bridgingagent. The HyPR-SIZER software program was used to optimize theconcentration and particle size distribution of the bridging agent toensure solids are deposited across the pore throats. OPTA ZYME S,the enzyme breaker was chosen and tested successfully in the lab at3% vol/vol to clean up the mud cake at the well bore.
Operator : Petronas Carigali Sdn.Bhd.
Well Name : Sumandak A-01
Location : Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Scomi OiltoolsScomi Oiltools
CASE HISTORYCASE HISTORY
SCOMI OILTOOLS
.
Results:
The well was displaced and drilled with 10.2 ppg OPTA-FLO Sized Salt RDIF from 1488m to 1645m. At TD the holewas then displaced with solids free OPTA-FLO Sized SaltRDIF before running in the WWS screen which was set at1645m as well ( The solid free OPTA-FLO RDIF was earliertested with PST unit to determine the ability of the fluidpassing through the sand screen). The under saturated
brine at 9.0 ppg with enzyme breaker OPTA ZYME S at
3% v/v was pumped inside and at screen annulus todestroy the mud cake and dissolve the salts. The wholeoperation while drilling and completing the well with OPTAFLO sized salt RDIF was without any problem.
Benefits:
Fluids are non damaging to the production reservoir .
The bridging agent that produce external cake are easilyremovable with under saturated brine wash couple with 3%
OPTA ZYME S enzyme breaker.
Improved productivity for U 1.1 and U 1.2 sands fromestimated at 1000 bbls/day to 1800bbls/day ( as informedby PCSB Production Technologist)
For Additional Information, Contact:For Additional Information, Contact:
Operator : Petronas Carigali Sdn.Bhd.
Well Name : Sumandak A-01
Location : Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Mud Weight, ppg 10.2
Funnel Viscosity, sec 57-61
PV, cPs 18-19
YP, lb/100ft2 17-18
Gel Strength, lb/100ft2 4-6 / 5-7
6 rpm 6-7
3 rpm 5-6
API Flitrate, ml/30 min 3.8
Chlorides, mg/l 200,000
pH 8.7 - 9.0
LGS, % 2.0 - 2.7
MUD PROPERTIES
OPTA-FLO Sized Salt – A Reservoir Drill – In Fluids
Scomi OiltoolsScomi Oiltools
CASE HISTORYCASE HISTORY