!Complete Table of Contents!

BELLWORK: Fill the boxBOX #1 :Read the article about Zircon

and tell me: 1) What you learned

2) Why is it important?YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX

“The present is the key to the past.”

-James Hutton

MINERAL DISCOVERY

Each specimen matches a number in the tin---Don’t switch them!

ALL ANSWERS REQUIREDWhat color is it?Can you see through it?How heavy is it?What shape is it?Where do you think it came from?

1 sentenceHow do you think it formed?

1 sentence

North Carolina Minerals1. Olivine2. (Plagioclase) Feldspar3. Quartz4. (Biotite) Mica

Earth’s Energy Sources

1. The Sun 2. Earth’s Core

After the BIG BANG

Upper Mantle

Inner CoreOuter Core

Lower Mantle

Crust

GeosphereUPPER MANTLE:• Lithosphere – the crust & rigid upper mantle

• Asthenosphere – the molten (melted) upper mantle

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Lava vs. Magma

Magma: liquid, molten material underground in the core and mantle

Lava: magma that reaches the surface of the lithosphere

Mineral Definition: 1.Naturally occurring2.Solid3.Orderly crystal structure4.Definite chemical

composition5. Inorganic

How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes)

1. Crystallization from Magma2. Precipitation (evaporated H2O)3. High Pressure & Temperature4. Hydrothermal (hot water) Solutions

Mineral vs. Non-Mineral

• Iron • Steel

Mineral vs. Non-Mineral

• Water • Diamond

Mineral vs. Non-Mineral

• Seashell • Table Salt

Birthstones

January- Garnet Aug- PeridotFeb- Amethyst Sep- SapphireMar- Aquamarine Oct- OpalApr- Diamond Nov-TopazMay- Emerald Dec- ZirconJune- PearlJuly- Ruby

Birthstone Info

Find out the mineral name for your birthstone and answer the following

questions:1. What is the mineral name? 2. How does it form?3. What elements does it contain?4. Sketch a picture5. What part of the world is found in?

Birthstone Minerals

January- Garnet Aug- OlivineFeb- Quartz Sep-

CorundumMar- Beryl Oct- OpalApr- Diamond Nov-TopazMay- Beryl Dec- ZirconJune- PearlJuly- Corundum

BRAIN POP!

End of Minerals

Read pages:68 and 76

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Bellwork: Box #2**Silently Read pages 68 and 76

Answer the following questions!

1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion?

2. What is the difference between compaction & cementation?

“Let us therefore open the book of Nature and read in her records…”

James Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1788

ESI:Earth Science

Investigation

Content Area: Science

ROCKS!

• 1. Obsidian• 2. Slate• 3. Granite (NC State Rock!)• 4. Sandstone

Scientific ControversyPrior to the 1700’s:

Society believed :All rocks formed from water and chemical precipitation

Most people thought granite crystallized from an ancient sea.

James Hutton: The Father of Modern Geology

Proposed a new idea…

Hutton’s fieldwork showed that granite had once been molten.

Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues?

Hutton found clues that granite was once molten magma. There are places where the melted granite flowed into the surrounding rock.

Scientific ControversyNEW VIEW

•All rocks originate from fire

•Volcanoes release internal pressure from the interior of the earth and form

rocks underground

An Earth from Fire An Earth from Water

Plutonist Neptunistvs.

Plutonism

Acceptance of Topic

•1830 – ACCEPTANCE Charles Lyell published, “Principles of Geology “ Scientific revolution led to the widespread acceptance of the once- radical concept that the earth was constantly changing.

• Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere.

Topic: The Rock Cycle

James Hutton= Rock Cycle

Contribution= Rock Cycle

Rocks • Solid material made of a mixture of

naturally occurring minerals

• Grouped into 3 main types, based on how they formed

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

1. Igneous Processes• Intrusive rocks:– formed deep within Earth–Magma “intrudes” into existing rock

• Extrusive rocks:– formed from lava at Earth’s surface–Lava cools quickly in air

2. Sedimentary Processes1. Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by

chemical or physical means to create sediments.

2. Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

3. Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”.

4. Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks.

5. Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water.

6. Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.

3. Metamorphic ProcessesMetamorphism:• Changing of one type of rock in to

another due to - 1. Tremendous heat2. Great pressure3. Chemical reactions ( a change in

composition of minerals)

The Rock CycleThe continuous PROCESSES

that cause rocks to change over time.