TABLE X. Average Times of Observations for Comparing Binocular with Monocular and Day-

light with Twilight Observations. ~._

Number R-W Average time Total time Per cent. -

R-U All I i / All (R-W per (R W)

Full Daylight. ._ _~_

P. w. c., Both 1 ’

148 246 60 . 2

Stimuli, Left /

166 246 ’ 67.5 No. IO-NO. Right 246

I 24.1 16.0 25,7 42.7

15.9 35.7

15, 105 i 42.7 I 28’2 17.2 1 66.0

1 w. w., Both 150 252 ’ 59.5 ’ 27.6 20.0 46.3 Stimuli, Right ‘4.5 252 57.5 24.6 18.7 42.7 No. IO-NO. 15, Left II4 252 21.1 , 45.2 26.8 59.1

G. H., Both I53 246 i 62.2 22.2 16.0 : 35.8 Stimuli, Left I49 246 60.6 21.2 14.4 35.” No. IO-NO. 15, Right II2 246 45.5 23.9 18.2 \ , 52.6

Twilight (0.0012 Foot,-candle)

P. w. c., Stimuli, No. ‘i-No. 12,

w. w. Stimuli, No. e-No. 12,

s. M. s., Stimuli, No. ~-NO. II,

Both Right

Left

Both “Iip,::

Both Right

Left

I57 276 56.9

I53 276 121 276 2;:;:

186 260 71.5 I49 260 57.3 126 260 48.5

I95 336 58.0 I85 336 55.1 181 336 53.9

-__ (To be concluded.)

/ 33.4 18.5 58.7 35.0 22.6

1 63.1

39.2 23.4 89.4

27.1 17.2 26.8 27.1 Z:5

j::: 55.9

22.6 14.8 39.0 22.3 16.1 40.5 23.4 17.1 I 43.4

- -

Important Vegetable Acids from Benzene. (i2nler. Chef. Sot. News Service, Gulletin 352.)--Announcement has just been made by John M. Weiss and C. R. Downs, inventors and patentees, of a method by which tartaric, citric, lactic and succinic acids can be prepared from benzene at prices capable of competition with the natural products. The starting point is the production of maleic acid by the joint action of air and benzene under the influ- ence of a catalyst, and from this acid those above mentioned can be obtained. Maleic acid has long been known as a natural prod- uct but its extraction has been too costly to consider it as a raw material for any commercial article. The synthetic production of tartaric acid will meet the possible diminution of the natural supply due to the cessation of wine-making in this country. The United States has been producing about ten million pounds of cream of tartar per year and about a million pounds of tartaric acid. H .L.