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COMPETITIVE DEBATE: AN INTRODUCTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION – WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT EVENTS AVAILABLE IN COMPETITIVE DEBATE?
SPEECH AND DEBATE
• Events are split into two types
• Debate – attacking and defending a certain topic or various topics
• Policy, LD, PF, Congress
• Individual Events – Speech/Performance based competition versus others
• US/International Extemporaneous, Dramatic/Humorous/Oral/Duo Interpretation, Original Oratory
POLICY DEBATE – “TEAM DEBATE”
• One pair of debaters face off a second pair of debaters
• Affirmative – agrees with resolution
• Negative – Agrees with status quo
• Aff must come up with plan to solve for problems given in arguments
• Use evidence and statistics to prove side is correct
• Strict time limits – cannot go over time!
• Incredibly demanding and fast-paced
POLICY DEBATE
• Affirmative must present prima facie case – must make sense to everyday person
• Negative must poke holes in Aff. case to show it is not as concrete as it seems
• Aff. – burden of proof; Neg. – burden of rejoinder
• Topic same all year round
POLICY DEBATE TOPIC
•RESOLVED – The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth’s oceans.
LINCOLN–DOUGLAS DEBATE – “LD”
• One debater faces off against another individual
• Topics involve logic, philosophy, ethics, and morality
• Value Premise – the value which the debater wants all arguments to be considered
• Value Criterion – how to measure the VP
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE
• Aff. – agrees with the resolution; Neg. – agrees with status quo
• Strict time limit
• Not as intense as policy, but more focused on philosophy
• Winner goes to person able to prove that logically he or she should win
• Topics change monthly
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS TOPICS – SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
•Varsity
•A just society ought to presume consent for organ procurement of the deceased
•Novice
•Civil disobedience in a democracy is morally justified
PUBLIC FORUM DEBATE – “PF”
• Newest event in competitive debate
• Team of 2 debaters compete vs. second team
• Topics are more relevant to everyday person
• Affirmative may NTO always go first
• Use a combination of logic, philospophy, evidence and/or statistics to prove case
• No burden on either side – whoever articulates arguments most effectively wins
• Very similar to televised debates (i.e. Crossfire)
• Topics change monthly
PUBLIC FORUM TOPIC – SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
•RESOLVED: On balance, public subsidies for professional athletic organizations in the United States benefit their local communities
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING – “USX” & “IX”
• Competitor is given a question at competition
• He or she will have 30 minutes to research and create a 7-10 minute speech on the topic
• Using articles and research previously done beforehand
• Cannot research during competition
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
• Event questions are NOT given in advance
• Competitor must constantly research for most up-to-date information for speeches
• Student will speak only to judge and/or timekeeper
• Round is ranked by judge – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.
U.S. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING - TOPICS
• What do new concerns over lethal injection mean for the future of the death penalty?
• What explains the US economy’s poor Q1 performance?
• Is NASA's Curiosity Mars rover delivering on expectations?
• Is Jeb Bush emerging as the GOP frontrunner?
• Is Obamacare doing better than expected?
• Is Barack Obama already a lame duck?
• Would raising the minimum wage successfully reduce poverty?
• Should the US continue to cut military spending?
• How is inequality in K-12 education affecting the United States?
• Should the NBA force Donald Sterling to sell his team?
INTERNATIONAL EXTEMPORANEOUS - TOPICS
• How should Ukraine’s government respond to Russian separatists?
• Will sanctions against Russia achieve their goal?
• What is driving China’s problems with internal ethnic conflict?
• Has the world forgotten about Syria?
• What does the failure of peace talks with the Palestinians mean for Israel’s future?
• Will Thailand’s July elections ease or exacerbate political tensions?
• What is at stake in Iraq’s nationwide parliamentary elections?
• What are the greatest challenges facing the United States’ foreign policy toward Asia?
• Why are Dilma Rousseff’s approval ratings slipping?
• Why is violence overwhelming South Sudan?
INTERPRETATION – “DI”, “HI”, “OI”, “DUO”
• Competitor recreates scene or reads literature for a judge
• Compete in flights – group settings up to 7 in a grouping
• Judging based on acting and recreation of scene
• Competitor MAY NOT USE PROPS OR MAKE-UP
• Movement space restricted to one-step in any direction
INTERPRETATION
• DI – Dramatic Interpretation; dramatic pieces w/o humor
• HI – Humorous Interpretation; scenes with humor
• OI – Oral Interpretation; dramatic or humorous reading of prose AND poetry – dependent on the round
• DUO – Duo Interpretation; dramatic or humorous scenes with a partner
RULES OF INTERPRETATION
• Time Limit – 7 to 10 minutes
• Editing extremely important for time restraints
• OI – Need both prose and poetry; alternate in each round
• Focus on tone of voice, facial expressions, body movement in small space
• DI/HI/DUO require memorization of the script; OI may have a folder with story and poem(s) in it
• Some authors/playwrights are off-limits (ex. – Neil Simon)
• Stay within time constraints – points can be deducted for going UNDER time
• Competitors are ranked at end of the round
ORIGINAL ORATORY
• Competitor competes against a group of other orators
• Competitor writes an original speech on any topic of his or her choosing
• Time limit – 7-10 minutes
• Judging based on content of speech and effectiveness of delivery
• Competitors ranked at end of round
STUDENT CONGRESS
• “House” competitors simulate a session of U.S. Congressional proceedings
• Competitors given a list of potential topics that can be debated in the session
• Competitor selects one side to argue for – use logic and facts
• Strict adherence to parliamentary procedure
STUDENT CONGRESS
• One competitor is selected as presiding officer – oversees the decorum of the chamber
• Presiding officer selects who will speak in the chamber
• Competitor can speak as often as the P.O. selects him or her to speak
• Judging based on effectiveness of speech – NOT ranked against other competitors directly
• Time limit – 3 minutes
• End of session – Up to 3 are nominated for best speaker
• Popular vote determines winner
• Usually 2 sessions in each chamber (morning/afternoon)
• MUST FOLLOW PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES LAID OUT IN ROBERT’S RULES OF ORDER
WRITING A BILL/RESOLUTION
• Bill – Proposed law with executive force
• Resolution – Proposed suggestion; something that “should” happen, but has not executive force of law
• Competitors can submit bills and resolutions to be debated in chamber
• Writer will always given opportunity to speak first if in chamber
• After speaker delivers speech, rest of chamber is given opportunity to cross-examine
• 1 question per competitor
• Any topic can be “tabled” – put off from debate
• Must be motioned by chamber and passed by a vote of the chamber
• If not tabled, debate continues
• If tabled, move to next topic