COMPETING FOR THE FUTURE TODAY: A NEW ......Intellectual property • Technological level of production • Capability of adopting existing knowledge • Capability of generating new

1

Инновационная система и политика

Copyright © 2011 Eurasia Competitiveness Institute 1 Eurasia Competitiveness Institute

Общероссийская общественная организация малого и среднего предпринимательства «ОПОРА РОССИИ»

COMPETING FOR THE

FUTURE TODAY:

A NEW INNOVATION

POLICY FOR RUSSIA

2




The goal of the project - developing recommendations for a new innovative policy based on facts (not myths) and in partnership with key stakeholders

Project executor:

http://www.strategy.ru/

3




Содержание

1. Competing for the future:

the competitiveness of national

innovation systems

2. Strengths and weaknesses of the Russia’s

national innovation system

4




Talented

people and

investment in

ideas – 25 %

Commercial

application – 10 %

Conditions of

demand – 15 %

Technological

infrastructure and

clusters – 20 %

Innovation on

Companies – 20 %

Institutions and effectiveness of state policy – 10 %

Factors of the competitiveness of systems of

innovation

1

2 3

4

5

6

1 2 3 4

Productive capacity and

competitiveness of the economy

High quality

of life

Ecology and safety

Achieving the socioeconomic development goals

Source: Bauman Innovation

NIS Components of Competitiveness, and Socioeconomic outcomes

% - shows the weight coefficient of a component

5




Rating of competitiveness of national innovative systems


18 Hong Kong (China)

19 Taiwan

20 New Zealand

21 Spain

22 Czech Republic

23 Italy

24 Estonia

25 Slovenia

26 Portugal

27 Hungary

28 India

29 China

30 South Africa

31 Brazil

32 Lithuania

33 Greece

34 Slovakia

1 United States

2 Sweden

3 Switzerland

4 Singapore

5 Finland

6 Germany

7 Israel

8 Japan

9 United Kingdom

10 Netherlands

11 Norway

12 South Korea

13 Austria

14 Canada

15 Australia

16 France

17 Ireland

35 Thailand

36 Turkey

37 Poland

38 Russia

39 Latvia

40 Mexico

41 Columbia

42 Romania

43 Philippines

44 Argentina

45 Kazakhstan

46 Bulgaria

47 Peru

48 Venezuela

49 Bangladesh

50 Bolivia

6




System of Indicators for Evaluating NIS Competitiveness


Index

of competitiveness

of NISs

Talented people

and ideas

Commercialization Demand conditions Technological

infrastructure and

clusters

Innovative potential of

a company

Institutions and effectiveness of

government administration

Institutions

• Resources for scientific

research

• Critical mass

• Quality of scientific

research

Government -run

sector of R&D

83*

• Availability

of traditional financing

• Mobility of venture

financing

Financial resources for

innovations

• Availability of

Infrastructure for

commercialization

Infrastructure for

commercialization

• Access to the

Consumer market

• Non-military

government

procurement

• Military procurement

Access to the market

and demand

conditions

• Intellectual property

protection

•Obligatory standards

and regulation

• Voluntary standards

Standards and

regulation

• Traditional clusters maturity

• Innovative clusters maturity

• Level of production equipment

• Availability of electrical Power

• Level of development

of Information and Communication

Technologies

Technological

infrastructure

Cluster maturity

Intellectual property

• Technological level

of production

• Capability of adopting

existing knowledge

• Capability of

generating

new knowledge

Technological and

innovative potential of

a company

• Protection

of property rights

• Independence of courts

• Freedomfromcorruption

• Quality of government

administration

Government

administration

11 8 22 5 8 29

25%** 10% 15% 20% 20% 10%

9

6

2

5 2 8 7

4

7

6

7

83* shows the number of indicators used to determine the rating

Talented people

• Natural-science

education in school

• Quality of higher

education

• Availability

of talented people

on the labor market

• Labor market mobility

20

25%** 10 % - shows the weight coefficient of a component

COMPONENTS

GROUPS OF FACTORS

FACTORS

7




Survey of leading Russian scientists

working in Russia

(203 respondents)

• Assessment of the effectiveness of government-funded research

in Russia

• Identification of the possibilities of and barriers to R&D

and the commercialization of scientific research

Survey of executives of small

innovative Russian companies

(200 companies)

• Assessment of the innovation climate in Russia

and the priorities of the state policies for stimulating innovation

• Assessment of companies' innovative activity

• Identification of the barriers to development of innovative companies

Survey of executives of mid-sized and

large Russian companies

(250 companies)

• Assessment of the innovation climate in Russia and the priorities

of the state policies for stimulating innovation

• Assessment of companies' innovative activities

• Identification of the barriers to development

of innovative companies

Survey of the Russian population

(2,000 respondents)

• Assessment of innovative behavior (population as a consumer)

• Assessment of interest in science and a scientific career

(population as source of potential talent)

• Assessment of the importance of science and technology

as a budgetary priority (population as electorate)

The Innovation System Participants Surveys carried out within the scope of the project

The main objectives of surveys

8




Geography of international experience analysis

Examples of the countries where innovative

strategies were developed Source: analysis from Bauman Innovation

9




Interviews and advisory support were provided by:

The Organization for

Economic Development

and Cooperation (OECD)

The World Bank

The United Nations Conference on

Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

The United Nations Economic

Commission for Europe (UNECE)

The International Organization for

Standardization (ISO)

The World Intellectual Property

Organization

(WIPO)

The U.S. Council on Competitiveness.

10




Содержание

1. Competing for the future: the competitiveness

of national innovation systems

2. Strengths and weaknesses of the Russia’s

national innovation system

11




Competitiveness profile of Russia’s NIS

Natu

ral-scie

nce e

ducatio

n

in s

chool

Qualit

y o

f hig

her

educatio

n

Availa

bili

ty o

f ta

lente

d

people

on t

he

labor

mark

et

Mobili

ty o

n t

he la

bor

mark

et

Resourc

es f

or

scie

ntific

researc

h

Critical m

ass

Ava

ilab

ility

of

infr

astr

uctu

re

for

co

mm

erc

ializ

atio

n

Availa

bili

ty o

f tr

aditio

nal

fin

ancin

g

Availa

bili

ty o

f ventu

re

fin

ancin

g

Capabili

ty o

f adoptio

n

exis

tin

g k

now

ledge

Capabili

ty o

f genera

tin

g

new

know

ledge

Qualit

y o

f scie

ntific

researc

h

Te

chnolo

gic

al le

vel of

pro

ductio

n

Volu

nta

ry s

tandard

s

Inte

llectu

al pro

pert

y

pro

tectio

n

Innovative c

luste

rs

matu

rity

Level of

pro

ductio

n

equip

ment

Tra

ditio

nal clu

ste

rs

matu

rity

Le

ve

l o

f d

eve

lop

me

nt

of

Info

rma

tio

n a

nd

Com

mu

nic

atio

n

Te

ch

no

log

ies

Availa

bili

ty o

f ele

ctr

ical

pow

er

Oblig

ato

ry s

tandard

s a

nd

regula

tio

ns

Access to t

he c

onsum

er

mark

et

Govern

ment

pro

cure

ment

Mili

tary

pro

cure

ment

Pro

tectio

n o

f pro

pert

y

rig

hts

Independence o

f court

s

Fre

edom

fro

m c

orr

uptio

n

Qualit

y o

f govern

ment

adm

inis

tratio

n

Talented people and ideas Commercializ

ation

Innovative

potential of a

company

Clusters and technological infrastructure Demand

conditions

Institutions and

effectiveness of

government

administration

OECD

Source: Bauman Innovation »

COMPONENTS

FACTORS

Russia

Wo

rse

Bett

er

Brazil, India, China

12




“Well, in our country,” said Alice, still panting a little, “you’d generally get to somewhere else—if you run very fast for

a long time, as we’ve been doing.” “A slow sort of country!” said the Queen. “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice

as fast as that!”

—Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass

13




State Expenses on Education in Countries of the World

Change in share of state expenses on education

with respect to GDP in 2000–2007 Share (%) of state expenses on education

with respect to GDP in 2007

Источник: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, World Bank, анализ «Бауман Инновейшн»

14




Total Expenditures on R&D in Countries of the World

Country’s share (%)

of world expenditure on R&D in 2007

Change in a country’s share in world

expenditure on R&D between 1997 and 2007

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, World Bank, analysis by Bauman Innovation

Share of expenditure on R&D as percentage of GDP in 2007

and its change (in per cent point) in 1997-2007 (size of circle

reflects volume of expenditure on R&D in US$ millions)

Change of expenditure on R&D as percentage of GDP in 1997-2007

Exp

en

dit

ure

on

R&

D a

s p

erc

en

tag

e o

f G

DP

in

2007

High

Low

Low High

15




Current situation regarding personnel

Availability of qualified specialists

in the labor market

Inflow of young people into science in

the last 3 years

Outflow of scientists abroad in the last

3 years

Departure of scientists to other areas

in the last 3 years

Lack of personnel Adequate personnel

Low High

Weak Active

Active Weak

Active Weak

Severity of lack of specialists

* Share of respondents (of the general number)

experiencing a lack of the indicated specialists

(the number of answers exceeds 100%: two variants of

an answer were admitted)

Personnel in Russian Science: Opinions of Scientists

Source: Russian Innovation Survey 2009–2010, Bauman Innovation, OPORA RUSSIA

16




Competition for obtaining

competitive financing

Adequateness of requirements for

application

Competency of application review

boards

Weak Strong

inadequate, many superfluous

requirements

Adequate

Low High

Objectivity of distributing

competitive financing Not objective and unfair Objective and fair

Correspondence of sizes of grants to

tasks

Rules for distributing resources in

grants

Adequacy of competitive financing

reporting

Resources insufficient Resources sufficient

Illogical, hindering work Logical

Needlessly cumbersome and

inadequate

Adequate,

takes up reasonable time

The System of Financing Scientific Work: Opinions of Scientists

Source: Russian Innovation Survey 2009–2010, Bauman Innovation, OPORA RUSSIA

Current volume of financing Meager, holds back scientific

work

Sufficient for productive scientific

work

17




Assessment of Technological Regulation:

Obligatory Standards and Voluntary Quality Certification

Number of ISO 9001:2000 active certificates

per 1000 people in the population in 2007

Companies’ assessment of national technological

standards level of perfection (result of a survey

of the World Economic Forum in 2009)

Source: International Standards Organization, World Economic Forum, analysis by Bauman Innovation

18




Technological Level of Production, Companies’ Abilities to Adopt Technology and Expenditure on R&D

Companies’ Abilities

to adopt and adapt technology,

findings of a WEF survey, 2009.

Source: World Economic Forum, World Bank, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, analysis by Bauman Innovation

Share (%) of companies' expenditure

on R&D in terms of GDP in 2007.

Perfection of the companies’

production methods,

findings of a WEF survey, 2009

19




Size of the Internal Markets and Military Procurement

Share (%) of military R&D in GDP in 2007

Procurement of arms and military equipment.

Share in GDP (%) in 2007

Source: World Bank, European Defence Agency, US DOD, SIPRI, analysis by Bauman Innovation

Size of the internal market

(GDP + import – export) in 2007, US$ million,

according to purchasing power parity

20




Opportunities and threats for developing NIS of Russia

THREATS

· Intensifying competition between innovation systems

(increase in innovation systems factors mobility:

researchers, companies);

· Freezing of the current structure of the economy (current

sector portfolio);

· Loss of core technologies (construction, infrastructure

and transportation, health);

· Rising opportunities for emigration of Russian professionals

and intensification of competition for human

resources (increase in the numbers of universities in

developing countries, and in expenditures on R&D in

developed and developing countries);

· Loss of the population’s scientific literacy due to pseudoscience;

· Low popularity of the careers of scientist and engineer;

· Freezing of the low level of entrepreneurial activity of the

population (including scientists);

· Drop in oil prices and decline in possibilities for investment

in innovation system development;

·

· Procurement of national security and defense related

technical systems from foreign suppliers;

· Risks of technogenic disasters.

21




· Demand for innovation in infrastructure and social sectors

in Russia;

· Potential demand for innovation in the sectors of defense,

security and space in Russia;

· Russia’s large internal consumer market;

· Availability of knowledge and technologies;

· Administrative and political opportunities for an ambitious

and comprehensive program to increase the competitiveness

of Russia’s innovation system;

· Increasing quality and mobility of researchers (through

growth in developing countries);

· Availability and opportunities for using and adapting the

best international standards and systems of technical

regulation;

· Increasing share of multinational corporations’ R&D

relocated in various countries;

· Expanding and increasing the accessibility of foreign

markets to Russian companies, including developing

countries.

OPPORTUNITIES

Opportunities and threats for developing NIS of Russia

Documents

COMPETING FOR THE FUTURE TODAY: A NEW ......Intellectual property • Technological level of production • Capability of adopting existing knowledge • Capability of generating new