1

COMPENDIUM OF UNDERGRADUATE

THESIS ABSTRACTS

(School Year 2012-2013)

College of Health and Sciences

Contents ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENT NURSES LIVING AND NOT LIVING WITH PARENTS ......... 2

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PRACTICES OF SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN KORONADAL CITY:

BASIS FOR HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM .................................................................................... 3

NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN MINIMIZING PAIN AMONG TODDLERS UTILIZED

BY STUDENT NURSES DURING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY ................................................................. 4

SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE AS A TOOL FOR EXCHANGING OF INFORMATION AMONG STUDENT

NURSES OF NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY ........................................................................ 5

SPIRITUAL CARE PRACTICES OF STUDENT NURSES IN THE CLINICAL AREA ..................................... 6

USAGE OF PRESCRIBED NURSING TEXTBOOK AMONG STUDENTS ................................................. 7

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AMONG STUDENTS OF NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL

UNIVERSITY ...................................................................................................................................... 8

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL AMONG CIGARETTE SMOKERS ........................................................... 9

GLUCOSE VALUES AMONG ADULTS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS .............................................. 10

INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PREVIOUSLY TREATED

PATIENTS IN THE KORONADAL CITY TREATMENT CENTER FROM JULY 2011- JULY 2012 ............. 11

KETONURIA AFTER PROLONGED FASTING ..................................................................................... 12

SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS ONSETTING AND PROLONGED SUPINE POSITIONS .............................. 13

SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRHUVIC TRANSAMINASE LEVELS IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ................. 14

STRESS AND LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AMONG HEALTH SCIENCES STUDENTS OF NOTRE

DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY, CITY OF KORONADAL ................................................................. 15

URINE ALBUMIN LEVEL AMONG NON-ALCOHOLIC CARBONATED BEVERAGE DRINKERS ............ 16

2

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENT NURSES LIVING AND NOT

LIVING WITH PARENTS (Lady Lizandra D. Sullano; Mariel Krista C. Ducanes; & Cyril John M. Villanueva, 2013)

Abstract

For many years, it had been customary that when students enter college, they live away from of

their parents and live in dormitories or boarding houses. This activity has been existing for long yet

it had not been identified whether these students have better academic performance compared to

those who live with their parents.This study was conducted to evaluate the academic performance

of nursing students who were living and not living with their parents. It also determined the profile

characteristics of student nurses in terms of year level, age, estimated annual family income, and

the reasons for staying and not staying with parents. The descriptive research design was used in

conducting the study. The subjects of the study were 76 students that composed of the Level 1,

Level 2 and Level 3 student nurses of Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU) enrolled in the

Second Semester of Academic Year 2011-2012. The necessary data were collected through survey

questionnaire. The students’ academic performance was based from their Weigh Point Average

(WPA) obtained from the Office of the Registrar. Essential information from the respondents were

drawn out through the validated survey questionnaire. The data were statistically treated through

frequency and percentage distributions. Findings of the study reveal that most of the student-

respondents are living with their parents while they are studying at NDMU. Data show that the

academic performance of the students is not affected whether they are living with his parents or

not. Results also show that close family ties is the very reason why the students stay with their

parents.Researchers of the study recommend that parents must guide properly their children.

Teachers and guidance counselors must also take active role in monitoring the academic activities

of the students. Moreover, the researchers emphasized the importance of education on one’s life,

that students should take the opportunity to learn so as to be prepared in facing the challenges of

life after college.

3

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PRACTICES OF SELECTED COMMUNITIES

IN KORONADAL CITY: BASIS FOR HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM (Mary Dawn P.Ilagan; Jumarie C. Parrenas; & Cindy A. Catedrilla, 2013)

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the environmental sanitation practices of selected communities in

Koronadal City. The data collected focused on three major components: drainage system, waste

disposal, and toilet facilities. Results of the study will serve as basis for the implementation of

health education program for the communities, the “Mayamang Pag-iisip Tungo sa Malinis na

Kapaligiran.’’ The study was based on the conducted Community Organizing Participatory Action

Research (COPAR) by the nursing students of Notre Dame of Marbel Univeristy who have

undergone Community Health Nursing in School Year 2010 to 2011. Review of documents was used

by the researchers as the strategy in sourcing out essential data in describing the environmental

sanitation practices of the selected communities in Koronadal City. The data were treated using the

frequency and percentage distributions in order to describe the sanitation practices of communities

specifically in terms of drainage system, toilet facilities, and waste disposal. The data obtained show

that most of the residents of communities concerned were using open drainage system; water

sealed and pit privy toilets, and compost pit as their way of waste disposal. These practices are

considered hazardous to the environment. Thus, a change in their environmental sanitation

practices is a vital need. With the said findings, the researchers therefore recommend for the

implementation of health education program and proper waste disposal program in these

communities. The aforementioned programs will make the members of the communities become

aware of the consequences of the improper environmental practices, thereby, giving them the

opportunities to formulate solutions to the identified problems.

4

NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN MINIMIZING PAIN AMONG

TODDLERS UTILIZED BY STUDENT NURSES DURING INTRAVENOUS

THERAPY (Nova Cheenee Rose I. Gandola; Candice Mae S. Cerveza; Lilibeth D. Amadio; &

Joy D. Emboltorio, 2013))

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the common non-pharmacologic interventions utilized by

the Level Four and Level Three BSN students. It also includes the extent of utilization of the

different non-pharmacologic interventions, and their reasons for using the interventions.This study

used descriptive survey as its research design. Respondents of the study were the thirty (30) Level

Four and twenty-three (23) Level Three BSN students of Notre Dame of Marbel University who

were assigned in the pediatric ward and had assisted in the insertion of intravenous therapy among

toddlers. The respondents were provided with survey questionnaire wherein they were asked to

tick the non-pharmacologic interventions that they had utilized in minimizing the pain of toddlers

during intravenous therapy.The findings of the study show that fourteen (14) respondents and

fifteen (15) respondents of Level Four and Level Three respectively, have used the three categories

of non-pharmacologic interventions, namely: cognitive, behavioral, and physical interventions.

Among the two interventions under the cognitive category, eleven (11) respondents in Level Three

used both distraction music and dance; while in the Level Four, distraction is shown to be the most

common type of cognitive intervention used by the twenty-six (26) respondents. Under the

behavioral intervention, majority of Level Three students and Level Four students that consisted of

64 percent have utilized the positive reinforcement; while among the Level Four almost all of them

which accounted to 97 percent have not used the behavioral interventions. In terms of the use of

physical intervention, all of its types were simply utilized by the 32 percent of the respondents

under Level Three students; while in the Level Four, seven (7) respondents have utilized the

therapeutic touch. Moreover, in terms of the extent of utilization, distraction was only used

Sometimes by the Level Three; while those in the Level Four, majority of them Always used the

distraction. Music and dance were rarely utilized by the students. Positive reinforcement is

sometimes utilized by the Level Three, whereas level four rarely uses it. Breastfeeding is only used

sometimes in the level three and four. Massage was sometimes utilized for the Level Three, whereas

for the Level Four they rarely use this intervention. Therapeutic touch was always utilized by the

Level Three, and level four utilizes it sometimes. Position change, sometimes utilized by the Level

Three and Four. According to those who have used the interventions, such can divert the attention

of the patients and can enhance pain relief.All types of the non-pharmacologic interventions were

utilized by the Level Three and Level Four BSN students. However among the types, the use of

distraction, positioning and therapeutic touch were utilized the most.Considering the findings of

this study, the researchers recommend that future researchers may expound the study by looking

into the effectiveness of the different types of non-pharmacological intervention and the responses

of the toddlers when the intervention is being rendered. Furthermore, for a more reliable result, the

future researchers should also include other age groups as subjects of the study.

5

SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE AS A TOOL FOR EXCHANGING OF

INFORMATION AMONG STUDENT NURSES OF NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL

UNIVERSITY (Hebab Abdullah M. Gapas; Manuel John I. Pabilona; Zeniaflor A. Besares; &

Zyra O. Minas, 2013)

Abstract

This study aimed to find out the extent of learning opportunities obtained by the nursing students

from social and recreational media; to determine the function of advanced media to the academic

aspect of the youth; and know the degree of usage of the social networking sites as tool of

information dissemination among the nursing students. The research design used in this study is

descriptive normative survey. A further discussion on students’ usage of Social Networking Sites as

a tool for the exchange of information is the primary purpose of this study. Through the use of

survey questionnaire, the data on the most commonly used Social Networking Site, the frequency of

students’ usage of the site, and their reasons for using it were determined. Results reveal that the

Facebook is the most commonly used social networking site among student nurses of Notre Dame

of Marbel University. The Facebook is used mainly for exchange of information most especially in

terms of their academic related activities within their group. This simply implies that the such

social networking site has facilitated the easier exchange of information among student nurses. It is

further recommended that a highly organized and regulated group or page in Facebook must be

created for the benefit of the student nurses as well as the teachers.

6

SPIRITUAL CARE PRACTICES OF STUDENT NURSES IN THE CLINICAL

AREA (Nicole Thom N. Emperado; Jesseca Jay M. Ruiz; Danica D. Escovidal; & Iya D. Tomaro, 2013)

Abstract

This study determined the extent and indicators of spiritual care given by student nurses and the

areas that need to be improved in order to obtain the optimum well-being of patients, the nursing

goals. The theories of Jean Watsons, Joyce Travelbee, Parse, Peterson, and Zderad, were used as

theoretical bases of this study, which gave points to the spiritual aspect of a person in order for

them to develop a sense of well-being. The study sought to find out if the student nurses have

provided presence in the clinical area. The variable of this study is the Spiritual Care Practices. The

method used in this study was narrative-descriptive design. The respondents of the study were the

Level 4 student nurses of the Notre Dame of Marbel University which is composed of 30 students.

The study was conducted at the Notre Dame of Marbel University – College of Health Sciences. A

survey questionnaire was used as research instrument. Data were analyzed through frequency

distribution. Results show that all student-respondents have performed the Indicators of

Presencing in the Clinical area, such as: Greeting the patient; Introducing of self to the patient

before doing a procedure; and Bedside care. The Vital signs taking, Regulating the IV flow, Attentive

listening while the patient shares their feelings were performed by the 29 students. Twenty-eight

(28) of them performed the Explaining the procedure to be performed to the patient and Asked about

the feelings of the patient before and after doing a procedure; 27 respondents performed the

Administration of medications Eye to eye contact while talking with the patient; 26 students

answered Therapeutic touch and communication; 16 respondents showed Empathy; 10 of them gave

time to perform spiritual practices; 3 respondents referred the clients for spiritual counseling; and 2

of them offered religious scriptures and music. On the other hand, nobody answered for Reading

inspirational stories for the patient. The investigators conclude that student nurses are aware of

their roles in terms of rendering Spiritual Care to their clients but have not practiced it to its full

extent. Findings reflect that student nurses seldom offer presence to its optimum level; rendering it

without digging deeper into the very nature of Spirituality. It is therefore recommended that

student nurses should be reminded that holistic care involves the physical, mental, emotional,

social, and spiritual aspects of the person. Clinical instructors should also emphasize and provide

more knowledge on the concepts of Spirituality and Spiritual Care. Future researchers may also

widen their scope and study on Spiritual Care Practices as a whole and that the same study may be

conducted with other hospitals and institutions.

7

USAGE OF PRESCRIBED NURSING TEXTBOOK AMONG STUDENTS (Angeli Grace Dessa T. Baguinon; Dexter Jade S. Deviente: & Edison T. Jovenal, 2013)

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the usage of prescribed Nursing textbook among students of all

levels. It includes the number of students, its frequency, duration, and timing of using prescribed

nursing books. Descriptive-quantitative method was used in identifying the student-respondents’

manner of utilizing their textbooks. Respondents of the study were the 72 Bachelor of Science in

Nursing (BSN) regular students of Notre Dame of Marbel University particularly from Level 2 to

Level 4 enrolled in School Year 2012-2013. Purposive sampling was used in identifying the

respondents because only those who had at least one prescribed nursing textbook and not enrolled

in any nursing subjects during the conduct of the study were qualified as respondents of the study.

Findings show that almost all respondents (95.83%) used their textbooks; more than half of them

(54.17%) usually read their books once a day; and 36.1 percent of the respondents allotted an hour

of reading their textbook in a day. The common reasons for using the textbook are: to gain

knowledge and to do their school works such as assignments, research, and other requirements.

Fifty percent (50%) of the respondents usually read their textbooks after the lecture in order to

reinforce their knowledge regarding the lecture and to serve as a self-review on the topics

discussed.Based on the results, the investigators conclude that, most of the student respondents

were using the prescribed nursing textbooks specifically the Pilleteri’s Maternal and Child Nursing

since this was prescribed in the Level II. They are reading the textbooks at least once a day for an

hour specifically after their lecture in order to re view/reinforce their knowledge on the topics

recently discussed. Considering the given conclusion, the researchers recommended the following:

1) student nurses must consider reading as part of their schedule – when and how long they should

read, so that they can absorb the lessons taught effectively, and (2) the administrators and the

faculty need to organize a seminar/workshop with emphasis on the efficient usage of textbooks.

8

CHS-Medical Technology

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AMONG STUDENTS OF NOTRE

DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY (Joan B. Santander; Julie Anne Mabayag; Louren L. Joquiño; &

Blaine Oliver Nikko E. Develos, October 2012)

Abstract

C-reactive protein is normally present in trace amounts in serum, but may increase to 1000 times

normal in many inflammatory processes. It is the first of the acute reactive proteins to appear the

following tissue injury or inflammation. Stress and how we react to it can directly affect our blood

vessels. Chronic stress can cause increased inflammation (Fogoros, 2005). The researchers

conducted a study to determine the significance of C-reactive protein concentration among

students of Notre Dame of Marbel University. The study was conducted from July to September

2012. Specimen collection was done last August 3, 2012 after the subjects took their Midterm

examination. The study was conducted at Notre Dame of Marbel University, Clinical Training and

Diagnostic Laboratory. Twenty 4th year Medical Technology students who are experiencing

academic stress were chosen randomly to be a subject. The subjects were given a research protocol

and each signed a letter of consent prior to collection. The researcher then collected blood samples

using the syringe method of collection. The samples were then measured using Hospitex Diagnostic

CRP Kit. A positive result using Hospitex Diagnostic CRP Kit will show clear agglutination within 2

minutes. No agglutination within 2 minutes means negative. All subjects shows uniformly negative

result. Based on the findings, the following conclusion was drawn. C-reactive protein concentration

among the respondents was uniformly the same. It can be concluded then that C-reactive protein is

not an essential tool to measure degree of stress among students. The findings also contradicted the

statement of Fogoros (2005) which stated that chronic stress can cause increased inflammation

which sometimes producing elevated C-reactive protein levels.

9

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL AMONG CIGARETTE SMOKERS Krislyn Genie Lour T. Baguinon; Claren Joy P. Morales; Mary Grace L. Lopez;

& Hanie V. Obut, September 2012

Abstract

Smoking is one of the risk factors which accelerate the process of atherosclerosis that leads to heart

attack and also increases the risk of blood clots which can block the arteries (Schoenstadt, 2006).

Inflammation of the arteries is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Prescott, 1998). During the

course of the inflammatory process, an abnormal specific protein, C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

appears in the blood and it is used as a marker of inflammation. This protein is usually absent in the

serum of healthy persons and may be useful in deyecting myocardial infarction. Since inflammation

and plaque formation are common events resulting from cardiovascular diseases due to cigarette

smoking, the researchers conducted this study to determine the CRP level among cigarette

smokers.. The researchers collected blood samples from 40 subjects: twenty (20) subjects from

cigarette smokers and twenty (20) from non-smokers. Personal information such as name, age,

address, gender, and occupation was also included. Medical profiles of the patients like

hypertension and duration of smoking were also noted.. After the blood collection, the CRP was

tested using CRP Rapid Latex Agglutination. Based on the data gathered 85% were male while 25%

were female. On non-smokers, 70 were female while 30% were male. When distributed according

to age, majority of the cigarette smokers were from 20-30 age bracket (50%). In terms of

occupation, 80% of were non-professional while 20% were professionals. On the non-smokers,

70% were non-professionals while 30% were professionals. Among the cigarette smokers, 5%

were hypertensive while there was no case of hypertension on the group of non-smokers. All non-

smokers showed negative result in the CRP Rapid Latex Agglutination test and only 3 or 15% of

cigarette smokers showed a positive result. The result of the analysis of data collected showed

positive result. The result of the analysis of data collected showed that among the cigarette smokers

85% were negative to CRP and only 15% were positive. This shows that CRP level does not

markedly increase in cigarette smokers.

10

GLUCOSE VALUES AMONG ADULTS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS (Grace Vennyse O. Candido; Ilona Jean L. Delfin; Hyacinth Hope M. Gancia;

& Irish Pink P. Mesa, September 2012)

Abstract

Glucose is a common medical analyte in which abnormalities posts a clinical significance regarding

one’s health. An elevation of blood glucose serves as an indicator Diabetes Mellitus and a decreased

value indicates that the rate of glucose utilization exceeds the rate at which glucose is being

produced and thus leads to hypoglycemia. However, several factors affect glucose values and one

factor includes the environment in which a certain individual lives considering the culture and

lifestyle he-she inhabits affects his/her health. In line with this, the researchers conducted a study

to determine the mean glucose values taken among adults of urban and rural areas with the aim of

proving that there is a significant difference between the glucose values of adults living in an urban

and rural setting. The study was conducted from June to September of the year 2012 and the

sample collection was held on specific areas that the researchers chose as the locale of the study.

There were 15 subjects that were chosen randomly for each setting and were instructed to fast for

8 hours. The glucose determine was conducted at Notre Dame of Marbel University Clinical

Training and Diagnostic Laboratory. After the data collection, a T-test was performed. The test

showed that the mean value of blood glucose level for adults of urban setting is 5.483333333

mmol/L while the value of blood glucose level of adults in rural setting is 3.646666667 mmol/L. the

P-value is 0.0000231143 which is less than 0.25. Based on the findings, a conclusion was drawn

that there is a significant difference between the glucose values of adults living in an urban and

rural setting and the factors that may have affected the glucose values were presented.

11

INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG

PREVIOUSLY TREATED PATIENTS IN THE KORONADAL CITY

TREATMENT CENTER FROM JULY 2011- JULY 2012 (Xavier George H. Cardos; Jerrie Sharlaine Dale S. Morante; Gerlyn Rose M. Danos; &

Juliet T. Labuanan, September 2012)

Abstract

Tuberculosis as a public health issue is aggravated by the existence of Multiple Drug-Resistant

tuberculosis. While completely curable, tuberculosis still requires a long and rigorous treatment,

and the emergence of drug resistance makes this process more difficult for both the caretaker and

the patient. This study aimed to know the incidence rate of Multiple Drug-Resistant tuberculosis

among previously treated patients from July 2011- July 2012 in South Cotabato based on the

Koronadal City Treatment Center. The researchers compared the number of patients with

tuberculosis patients from the number of MDR-TB patients on the same time period and took it as a

measure of incidence. They also took the number of MDR-TB cases from South Cotabato and

separated them according to their Registration Group in patient records. The researchers have

established an incidence rate of 1.4 percent of 14 MDR-TB cases per 1,000 tuberculosis patients

from July 2011-July 2012. Most of the MDR-TB cases are from patients who have completed

treatment but failed to eliminate the disease. While the incidence may be very low, this does not

rule out the potential problem brought about by this condition.

12

KETONURIA AFTER PROLONGED FASTING (Ederlyn Jane E. Nono; Norolheir S. Solaiman; Michael L. Palarion;

& Karl Joseph F. Allado, September 2012)

Abstract

Ketonuria is a term which describes the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketones are

produced in the body as part of the breakdown of fatty acids. When they are present in the urine, it

indicates that the body is burning fat for energy. There are a number of reasons why someone can

develop ketonuria, with this symptom sometimes being a cause for concern. In diabetic patients

especially, ketones should not be found in the urine (Smith, 2003). The researchers conducted the

study to determine the possibility that ketonuria will occur after prolonged fasting. This was

conducted last August 14, 2012 at Notre Dame of Marbel University Clinical Training and Diagnostic

Laboratory. The Researchers chose 20 subjects and categorized according to their Body Mass Index

if they are underweight, normal, overweight or obese. Subjects’ height a nd weight were collected

for the computation of their Body Mass Index. The subjects’ urine were collected to fast for 14

hours. After 14 hours of fasting, the subjects’ urine were collected and tested for the presence of

ketonuria using Urine Strips. Based on the finding, Ketonuria does not occur even after the set time

of prolonged fasting of 14 hours.

13

SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS ONSETTING AND PROLONGED SUPINE

POSITIONS (Lowell Jay I. Depita; Holland N. Nufuar; Hanz Lester L. Bigcas;

& Rochelle C. Suacillo, September 2012)

Abstract

The pre-analytical phase is one of the most critical stages in specimen testing. This stage comprises

all the procedures starting from the requisition of a laboratory test to the specimen collection and

finally to the delivery of the sample to the testing area. This research would primarily focus on the

effect of posture (supine and sitting positions) on serum albumin. It was stated that the posture

variation upon blood collection differs from other positions when the blood specimen was taken.

These positions are the sitting and supine positions. This study focused on determining the

concentration of serum albumin in sitting position and supine position. This study also wanted to

know the difference between the values of the two positions and to test if this difference would be

statistically and diagnostically significant. This research focused on albumin because it is one of the

most affected blood analytes when positional differentiation is applied. The researchers involved

18 subjects from the 4th year BS Nursing Medical technology students with ages ranging from 17-20

years. The participants were asked to be in a sitting/supine position with an allotted time when

venipuncture was performed. The time for the sitting position is 15 minutes and 2 hours for the

supine position. Baseline data were also gathered to serve as a control. After specimen collection,

the specimens were tested and statistically compared. Based on the data, the resulted showed

difference between the two positions. This difference was statistically compared using paired t-test

but the test showed no statistical significant.

14

SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRHUVIC TRANSAMINASE LEVELS IN ALCOHOL

CONSUMPTION (Nicole Anne Victoria Alngog; Jeniffer Danguro; Yvonne Pama;

& Danjalyn Sioco, October 2012)

Abstract

The significance of Serum Glutanic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels among alcohol consumers

was studied. This enzyme is found in many body tissues in small amounts, but it is very

concentrated in the liver. It is released into the blood when cells that contain it are damaged. The

SGPT blood test is performed on blood serum. The blood is drawn from a vein and spun in a

centrifuge to separate the serum from the cells. No special preparation for the test was needed. In

this study subjects were randomly selected. They were categorized into three (3) groups: I. Chronic

drinkers, II. Occasional drinkers, and III. Non-alcoholic drinkers. The researchers involved twenty-

seven male adults aged 35-45 years old from Barangay Zone 3, City of Koronadal. Categorized data

were carefully analyzed using F-test. It was found out that the group of chronic drinkers had the

highest SGPT levels followed by occasional drinkers and non-alcoholic got the lowest average value.

15

STRESS AND LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AMONG HEALTH SCIENCES

STUDENTS OF NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY, CITY OF

KORONADAL (Goldee Jane Montero; Shareen Miranda; Deireen Mae Tuburan;

& John Russel Cabanban, September 2012)

Abstract

Stress is caused by an existing stress-causing factor of “stressor.” According to many studies when

stress is perceived negatively or becomes excessive, it can affect both health and academic

performance. The researchers conducted a study to test stress and its effects on the leukocyte

subtypes among Colleg of Health Sciences (CHS) students. This was conducted from July 30, 2012 to

August 3, 2012(Pre-Test) and August 6, 2012 to August 10, 2012 (Post-Test) at Notre Dame of

Marbel University Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory. The researchers chose 25 healthy 3rd year

CHS students as subjects. The subjects were given the Zung’s scale to asses their stress levels. Blood

samples were collected after they took their exams during the examination week. Another set of

Zung scale was given to the subjects a week after the exams. After assessing their stress levels,

blood sample were again taken as the basiline data. After collecting the blood samples, the

researchers processed the blood following the test including WBC count and WBC differential

count, and solve for the absolute leukocyte count. After collecting the data, the researchers then

proceeded in doing the t-Test: Paired Two Samples for Means with the help of a statistician. Finding

show the following: (1) there is a significant relationship between stress and leukocyte

differentiation; (2) the mean stress levelof the NDMU CHS Third Year students is 67.12 which

indicates moderate of marked Major Stress; (3) as the stress level increases, leukocyte

differentiation also increases; and (4) as stress level decreases, leukocyte differentiation also

decreases. These findings support the previous researches of Ananel (2011), Segerstrom (2004),

and Von Andrian (2000) that there is an increase of leukocyte subtypes namely: Segmenters

(Neutrophils) and Lymphocytes.

16

URINE ALBUMIN LEVEL AMONG NON-ALCOHOLIC CARBONATED

BEVERAGE DRINKERS (Jo-an Rose S. Banajera; Kathleen Gaile P. Cerveza; Kenneth John C. Gumboc;

& Ferlette Mae S. Perdroso, September 2012)

Abstract

Albumin, a high-molecular weight protein (mol wt = 69,000), is mostly reabsorbed in the kidney

tubules. A normal functioning kidney does not allow albumin to pass, if however, albumin found in

the urine exceeds the level of urine ranging from 20-200mg/L (microalbuminuria), this may a sign

of early and possibly reversible glomerular damage (McPherson & Pincus, 2009). Non-alcoholic

carbonated beverages contain carbon dioxide dissolved into it to improve the taste or its texture. It

typically contains water, a sweetener and a flavoring agent which makes it more attractive to

people. This study studied the relationship of urine albumin levels to consumption of non-alcoholic

carbonated beverage in a cohort study of 37 Medical Technology 4th year students of Notre Dame of

Marbel University (NDMU). The age range was between 18 and 21 years. Subjects were given

questionnaires and a ten parameter Dip Stick as a qualitative test to check if they were qualified to

be subjects. Albumin was determined in the urine of the eleven qualified subjects, at least an 8-hour

fasting urine sample was submitted for the control group. The experimental group gave their urine

samples an hour after drinking the non-alcoholic beverage. Data were analyzed using the paired t-

test. The urine albumin level was higher for the experimental group. This study confirms that urine

is affected by the consumption of non-alcoholic carbonated beverages.