Groups Similarities Differences

Luddism Challenged their authorities by destroying machinery because of being replaced by machines.

Luddites were opposed to competition because they believed that if they were skilled textile workers, they should keep their profession instead of being replaced.

Chartism Believed that there should be a change in the way things were run in the government, such as universal suffrage, equal-sized electoral districts, secret ballots and annual elections.

Chartists were opposed to competition because they believed in equality among every class to vote and be apart of the government.

Utopian Socialism Humanitarians who wanted the conditions of workers to be improved. Individuals could realize their potential if they were free to pursue their own interests.

Individuals caring for the interest of all the people/ the collective.

Marxism Economics is the foundation of society, and means of production should be in the workers hands.

Believed that the workers revolution was necessary before any significant changes could be made.

Classical Conservatism Classical conservatism is a reaction to the industrial revolution.

Did not accept the beliefs and values of classical liberalism. People do not have equal abilities and society should be structured by the leaders on the top and so on. People must care for each other and help one another.

Welfare Capitalism Welfare capitalism still kept the beliefs and values of classical liberalism, while providing workers with some form of safety net.

Classical liberals began to accept that some modifications were necessary. These modifications were giving rights to workers and giving workers protections such as limited working hours, minimum wage, and a safety net with features like pensions and medical insurance.

Keynesian Economics Believed that competition should still be encouraged, but money in boom times should be saved by individuals for bust times.

Classical liberalism, in economic theory, is based on fundamental error. The government should spend more money on bust times, and collect money and save on boom times.