Sr No ASME B313

1 This Process Piping Code is a Section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code for Pressure Piping ASME B31 an AmericanNational Standard(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressureor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirementsare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirementsare found in (a) Chapter III for materials

(b) Chapter II Part 3 for components(c) Chapter II Part 4 for joints

(ii) For nonmetallic piping and piping lined with nonmetals all requirements are found in Chapter VII

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are found in Chapter VIII

(iv) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category D piping elementsrestricted to Category D Fluid Service in Chapters I through VII as well as elements suitable for other fluid services may be used

(v) For piping designated as High Pressure Fluid Service all requirements are found in Chapter IX These rules apply only when specified by the owner

(vi) For piping designated as High Purity Fluid Service all requirements are found in Chapter X

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable under severe cyclic conditions unless alternative requirements for severe cyclic conditions are stated

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable for Elevated Temperature Fluid Service unless alternative requirements for Elevated Temperature Fluid Service are invoked

2 EXCLUSIONSThis Code excludes the following

(a) piping systems designed for internal gage pressuresat or above zero but less than 105 kPa (15 psi)provided the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxic

and not damaging to human tissues as defined in 3002and its design temperature is from minus29degC (minus20degF)through 186degC (366degF)

(b) power boilers in accordance with BPV Code2Section I and boiler external piping which is requiredto conform to B311

(c) tubes tube headers crossovers and manifolds offired heaters which are internal to the heater enclosure

(d) pressure vessels heat exchangers pumps compressorsand other fluid handling or processing equipmentincluding internal piping and connections forexternal piping

3 Design Temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature at which under the coincident pressure the greatest thickness or highest component rating is required

30132 Uninsulated Components(a) For fluid temperatures below 65degC (150degF) thecomponent temperature shall be taken as the fluid temperatureunless solar radiation or other effects result ina higher temperature(b) For fluid temperatures 65degC (150degF) and aboveunless a lower average wall temperature is determinedby test or heat transfer calculation the temperature foruninsulated components shall be no less than the followingvalues(1) valves pipe lapped ends welding fittings andother components having wall thickness comparable tothat of the pipe 95 of the fluid temperature(2) flanges (except lap joint) including those on fittingsand valves 90 of the fluid temperature(3) lap joint flanges 85 of the fluid temperature(4) bolting 80 of the fluid temperature

4 Bases for Design StressesOther Materials Basic allowable stress values attemperature for materials other than bolting materialscast iron and malleable iron shall not exceed the lowestof the following(1) the lower of one-third of ST and one-third of

tensile strength at temperature

two-thirds of SY and two-thirds of yield strength at

temperature

having similar stressndashstrain behavior the lower of twothirdsof SY and 90 of yield strength at temperature

[see (e) below]

(4) 100 of the average stress for a creep rate of001 per 1 000 h

(5) 67 of the average stress for rupture at the end

of 100 000 h(6) 80 of the minimum stress for rupture at theend of 100 000 h

(2) except as provided in (3) below the lower of

(3) for austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys

5 Thickness calculation for Straight pipe

The required thickness of straight sections of pipeshall be determined

Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure

for straight pipe shall be not less than that calculatedin accordance with either eq (3a) or eq (3b)

pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires specialconsideration of factors such as theory of failureeffects of fatigue and thermal stress

6

them may be added to the term 025Sh in eq (1a) In

that case the allowable stress range is calculated by

eq (1b)

(a) For t lt D6 the internal pressure design thickness

(b) For t ge D6 or for PSE gt 0385 calculation of

Allowable Displacement Stress Range SA

When Sh is greater than SL the difference between

7 Stress due to Sustained Load

The equation for the stress due to sustained loads

The equation for the stress due to sustained bending

The equation for the stress due to sustained torsional

The equation for the stress due to sustained longitudinal

8 FLUID SERVICE-

fluid service a general term concerning the applicationof a piping system considering the combination of fluidproperties operating conditions and other factors thatestablish the basis for design of the piping system SeeAppendix M

all of the following apply(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxicand not damaging to human tissues as defined inpara 3002

such as pressure and weight SL is provided in eq (23a)

moments Sb is provided in eq (23b)

moment St is

force Sa is

(a) Category D Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

and not damaging to human tissues as defined in 3002and its design temperature is from minus29degC (minus20degF)through 186degC (366degF)

(b) power boilers in accordance with BPV Code2Section I and boiler external piping which is requiredto conform to B311

(c) tubes tube headers crossovers and manifolds offired heaters which are internal to the heater enclosure

(d) pressure vessels heat exchangers pumps compressorsand other fluid handling or processing equipmentincluding internal piping and connections forexternal piping

3 Design Temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature at which under the coincident pressure the greatest thickness or highest component rating is required

30132 Uninsulated Components(a) For fluid temperatures below 65degC (150degF) thecomponent temperature shall be taken as the fluid temperatureunless solar radiation or other effects result ina higher temperature(b) For fluid temperatures 65degC (150degF) and aboveunless a lower average wall temperature is determinedby test or heat transfer calculation the temperature foruninsulated components shall be no less than the followingvalues(1) valves pipe lapped ends welding fittings andother components having wall thickness comparable tothat of the pipe 95 of the fluid temperature(2) flanges (except lap joint) including those on fittingsand valves 90 of the fluid temperature(3) lap joint flanges 85 of the fluid temperature(4) bolting 80 of the fluid temperature

4 Bases for Design StressesOther Materials Basic allowable stress values attemperature for materials other than bolting materialscast iron and malleable iron shall not exceed the lowestof the following(1) the lower of one-third of ST and one-third of

tensile strength at temperature

two-thirds of SY and two-thirds of yield strength at

temperature

having similar stressndashstrain behavior the lower of twothirdsof SY and 90 of yield strength at temperature

[see (e) below]

(4) 100 of the average stress for a creep rate of001 per 1 000 h

(5) 67 of the average stress for rupture at the end

of 100 000 h(6) 80 of the minimum stress for rupture at theend of 100 000 h

(2) except as provided in (3) below the lower of

(3) for austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys

5 Thickness calculation for Straight pipe

The required thickness of straight sections of pipeshall be determined

Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure

for straight pipe shall be not less than that calculatedin accordance with either eq (3a) or eq (3b)

pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires specialconsideration of factors such as theory of failureeffects of fatigue and thermal stress

6

them may be added to the term 025Sh in eq (1a) In

that case the allowable stress range is calculated by

eq (1b)

(a) For t lt D6 the internal pressure design thickness

(b) For t ge D6 or for PSE gt 0385 calculation of

Allowable Displacement Stress Range SA

When Sh is greater than SL the difference between

7 Stress due to Sustained Load

The equation for the stress due to sustained loads

The equation for the stress due to sustained bending

The equation for the stress due to sustained torsional

The equation for the stress due to sustained longitudinal

8 FLUID SERVICE-

fluid service a general term concerning the applicationof a piping system considering the combination of fluidproperties operating conditions and other factors thatestablish the basis for design of the piping system SeeAppendix M

all of the following apply(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxicand not damaging to human tissues as defined inpara 3002

such as pressure and weight SL is provided in eq (23a)

moments Sb is provided in eq (23b)

moment St is

force Sa is

(a) Category D Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

tensile strength at temperature

two-thirds of SY and two-thirds of yield strength at

temperature

having similar stressndashstrain behavior the lower of twothirdsof SY and 90 of yield strength at temperature

[see (e) below]

(4) 100 of the average stress for a creep rate of001 per 1 000 h

(5) 67 of the average stress for rupture at the end

of 100 000 h(6) 80 of the minimum stress for rupture at theend of 100 000 h

(2) except as provided in (3) below the lower of

(3) for austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys

5 Thickness calculation for Straight pipe

The required thickness of straight sections of pipeshall be determined

Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure

for straight pipe shall be not less than that calculatedin accordance with either eq (3a) or eq (3b)

pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires specialconsideration of factors such as theory of failureeffects of fatigue and thermal stress

6

them may be added to the term 025Sh in eq (1a) In

that case the allowable stress range is calculated by

eq (1b)

(a) For t lt D6 the internal pressure design thickness

(b) For t ge D6 or for PSE gt 0385 calculation of

Allowable Displacement Stress Range SA

When Sh is greater than SL the difference between

7 Stress due to Sustained Load

The equation for the stress due to sustained loads

The equation for the stress due to sustained bending

The equation for the stress due to sustained torsional

The equation for the stress due to sustained longitudinal

8 FLUID SERVICE-

fluid service a general term concerning the applicationof a piping system considering the combination of fluidproperties operating conditions and other factors thatestablish the basis for design of the piping system SeeAppendix M

all of the following apply(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxicand not damaging to human tissues as defined inpara 3002

such as pressure and weight SL is provided in eq (23a)

moments Sb is provided in eq (23b)

moment St is

force Sa is

(a) Category D Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

5 Thickness calculation for Straight pipe

The required thickness of straight sections of pipeshall be determined

Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure

for straight pipe shall be not less than that calculatedin accordance with either eq (3a) or eq (3b)

pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires specialconsideration of factors such as theory of failureeffects of fatigue and thermal stress

6

them may be added to the term 025Sh in eq (1a) In

that case the allowable stress range is calculated by

eq (1b)

(a) For t lt D6 the internal pressure design thickness

(b) For t ge D6 or for PSE gt 0385 calculation of

Allowable Displacement Stress Range SA

When Sh is greater than SL the difference between

7 Stress due to Sustained Load

The equation for the stress due to sustained loads

The equation for the stress due to sustained bending

The equation for the stress due to sustained torsional

The equation for the stress due to sustained longitudinal

8 FLUID SERVICE-

fluid service a general term concerning the applicationof a piping system considering the combination of fluidproperties operating conditions and other factors thatestablish the basis for design of the piping system SeeAppendix M

all of the following apply(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxicand not damaging to human tissues as defined inpara 3002

such as pressure and weight SL is provided in eq (23a)

moments Sb is provided in eq (23b)

moment St is

force Sa is

(a) Category D Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

7 Stress due to Sustained Load

The equation for the stress due to sustained loads

The equation for the stress due to sustained bending

The equation for the stress due to sustained torsional

The equation for the stress due to sustained longitudinal

8 FLUID SERVICE-

fluid service a general term concerning the applicationof a piping system considering the combination of fluidproperties operating conditions and other factors thatestablish the basis for design of the piping system SeeAppendix M

all of the following apply(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable nontoxicand not damaging to human tissues as defined inpara 3002

such as pressure and weight SL is provided in eq (23a)

moments Sb is provided in eq (23b)

moment St is

force Sa is

(a) Category D Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed1 035 kPa (150 psi)(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186degC(366degF)(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything otherthan atmospheric conditions is not less than minus29degC(minus20degF)

the potential for personnel exposure is judged to besignificant and in which a single exposure to a verysmall quantity of a toxic fluid caused by leakage canproduce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathingor bodily contact even when prompt restorativemeasures are taken

in which the piping metal temperature is sustainedequal to or greater than Tcr as defined in Table 30235General Note (b)

which the owner specifies the use of Chapter IX forpiping design and construction see also para K300

requires alternative methods of fabrication inspectionexamination and testing not covered elsewhere in theCode with the intent to produce a controlled level ofcleanness The term thus applies to piping systemsdefined for other purposes as high purity ultra highpurity hygienic or aseptic

most piping covered by this Code ie not subject tothe rules for Category D Category M ElevatedTemperature High Pressure or High Purity FluidService

(b) Category M Fluid Service a fluid service in which

(c) Elevated Temperature Fluid Service a fluid service

(d) High Pressure Fluid Service a fluid service for

(e) High Purity Fluid Service a fluid service that

(f) Normal Fluid Service a fluid service pertaining to

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

ASME B313 EN 13480

seven interdependant and non dissociable Parts which are - Part 1 General

(i) For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M High Pressure - Part 2 Materialsor High Purity Fluid Service (see para 3002 and Appendix M) Code requirements - Part 3 Design and calculationare found in Chapters I through VI (the base Code) and fluid service requirements - Part 4 Fabrication and installation

- Part 5 Inspection and testing - Part 6 Additional requirements for buriedd piping CENTR 13480-7 Guidance on the use of confirmity assessment procedures

This European Standard specifies the requirements for industrial piping systems

(iii) For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M all requirements are buried irrespective of pressure

(vii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

(viii) Requirements for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI are applicable

This European Standard EN 13480 for Metallic industrial piping consists of

and support including safety systems made of metallic materials (but initially restricted to steel) with a view to ensure safe operation

This European Standard is applicable to metallic piping above ground ducted or

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

Calculation temperature The design temperature of each component in a piping system is the temperature The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of the

piping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is noheat loss due to wind

follows 1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as thefluid temperature2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less thanthe following values but not less than 40degCi) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components havingwall thickness comparable to that of the pipeii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings andvalvesiii) 85 of the fluid temperature for lap joint flangesiv) 80 of the fluid temperature for bolting

Steels other than austenitic steels5211 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following

a) For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

where

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

f = design stress

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

Austenitic steels5221 Design conditionsThe design stress shall be in accordance with the following for A gt 35

where A = elongation at rupture

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

Time-dependent nominal design stressSteels5321 Design conditions

where

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strengthat 150 000 h or 100 000 h shall be used

ReHt

Rp02t

Rm

Rp10t

Rm t

The design stress in the creep range fCR to be used for design under static loading shall be

SFCR is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

to the mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 h

mean creep rupture strength at the relevant lifetime of at least 10 000 hIn no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculatedas follows

where

under consideration

under consideration

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

a) If a lifetime monitoring system is not provided the safety factor SFCR shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

b) If a lifetime monitoring system is provided a safety factor of SFCR = 125 may be specified with regard to the

The allowable stress range fa shall be given by

Ec is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

Eh is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

fc is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

Stress due to sustained loads

other sustained mechanical loads shall satisfy the following equation

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

explosive extremely flammable highly flammable

toxic oxidizing

NOTE 1 - U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

The sum of primary stresses 10486621 due to calculation pressure pc and the resultant moment MA from weight and

1) Group 1 comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

2) Group 2 comprises all other fluids not referred to in Group 1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to 4 specific cases

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits DN gt 32 and PS x DN gt 1000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and PS x DN gt 5 000 bar

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

a) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

b) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

c) Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

d) Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

EN 13480

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

The calculation temperature tc shall be the maximum temperature likely to be reached at the mid-thickness of thepiping under normal operating conditions at the calculation pressure pc The calculation temperature shall bedetermined as indicated below Any heat transfer calculation shall be performed on the assumption that there is no

1) For fluid temperatures below 40 degC the calculation temperature for the component shall be taken as the

2) For fluid temperatures of 40 degC and above unless a lower average wall temperature is determined by testor heat transfer calculation the calculation temperature for uninsulated components shall be not less than

i) 95 of the fluid temperature for valves pipes ends welding fittings and other components having

ii) 90 of the fluid temperature for flanges (except lap joint flanges) including those on fittings and

For externally uninsulated and internally unlined piping components the calculation temperature shall be as

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

= minimum specified value of upper yield strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of 02 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at room temperature

= minimum specified value of 10 proof strength at calculation temperature t

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

= minimum specified value of tensile strength at calculation temperature

when this temperature is greater than the room temperature

If the design lifetime is not specified the mean creep rupture strength at 200 000 h shall be usedIn cases where the 200 000 h values are not specified in the material standards the mean creep rupture strength

to be used for design under static loading shall be

is a safety factor which depends on the time and shall be in accordance with Table 532-1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

In cases where design lifetimes shorter than 100 000 h are specified one of the following methods shall be used

In no case shall the 1 creep strain limit (mean value) at 100 000 h be exceeded

The minimum required wall thickness for a straight pipe without allowances and tolerances e shall be calculated

U is the stress range reduction factor (see NOTE 1) taken from Table 1213-1

shall be equal to 15 and shall be applied

= 125 may be specified with regard to the

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature (t=c) consistent with the loading

is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the maximum metal temperature (t=h) consistent with the loading

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature consistent with the loading under consideration

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

resistant materials should be considered where a large number of major stress cycle are anticipated

For the purpose of classification of pressure equipment in hazard categories fluids (gas or liquid) are divided into two groups

U applies essentially to non-corroded piping Corrosion can sharply decrease cyclic lifetime Therefore corrosion

and the resultant moment MA from weight and

comprises dangerous fluids (under Council Directive 67548EEC (27 June 1967) Article 2 (2)) ie fluids defined as

flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint) very toxic

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

In combination with the internal volume (V) andor the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the vessel this leads to

vapours and also liquids whose vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 05 bar above

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp is greater than 05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar)within the following limits DN gt 25 and PS x DN gt 2 000 bar

05 bar above normal atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) within the following limits PS gt 10 bar and DN gt 200 and

Industrial piping are classified in hazard categories I to Ill according to one of the relevant cases a) to d) and their nominal diameter and maximum allowable pressure The classification has been defined in the Figures A1 to A4

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for gases liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping liquefied gases gases dissolved under pressure vapours and also liquids whose

Fluids in Group 1 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

Fluids in Group 2 Industrial piping for liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temp of not more than

• Sheet1

• Sheet1