Comparing Singapore and Hong Kong

Comparing Singapore & Hong Kong

Singapore & Hong KongAreaSingapore:697 km2Hong Kong:1,104 km2PopulationSingapore:5.5 millionmedian age 34Hong Kong:7.2 millionmedian age 45

Singapore and Hong KongEach is separated from the mainland by a narrow waterwaySingapores relationship with Malaysia has been volatilebrief merge in 1963-1965disputes about water delivery, islands, etc.Hong Kong benefits from mainland Chinas cheap labor and market

Singapore and Hong KongBoth are mostly ethnic Chinese societiesSingapore:77%Hong Kong:94%both had over 100 years of British ruleSingapore:1819 - 1959Hong Kong:1841 - 1997both were occupied by Japan1942 - 1945

GDP (purchasing power parity)Singapore:Around US$332 billionRanked 40th in the worldper capita 7th in the worldHong Kong:Around US$376 billionRanked 35th in the worldper capita 13th in the world

Chart1

14.927412033113.8203859329

14.5935506821-0.040650405

11.67163753518.9060592651

11.60144042970.5601195097

12.382934570311.6969919205

6.85387277610.5857744217

1.955514073413.0299396515

3.238129377414.2604312897

11.970012664813.3736457825

9.509630203213.4433698654

7.407581806212.5395612717

11.002823829713.3398227692

12.69115161911.2548151016

2.09164404876.7594137192

0.39703911543.959528923

17.20147323617.187584877

12.01102352147.7592248917

8.7652034768.587679863

11.81967163099.3104343414

10.37085723889.6950807571

9.3656091699.6046571732

2.65751910216.8751063347

6.31677341468.1787700653

9.78686714178.3124952316

0.1907727271-1.6184740067

11.09135246282.2981293201

12.95527839669.7255268097

7.968150138911.6330537796

2.56070423139.6229572296

3.40470170978.9751567841

5.05828714377.2795791626

6.2630715376.2711567879

6.131495952612.9127731323

5.401587486311.4313793182

3.89357614528.0687828064

4.48790216457.5586252213

4.9716811188.2298164368

-5.13753032680.4014676809

2.91190791135.3521380424

GDP Growth Rates (%) of Singapore (red bars) and Hong Kong (blue bars)

hk196099

Country CodeCountry NameSeries CodeSeries Name1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999

HKGHong Kong, ChinaNE.EXP.GNFS.KD.ZGExports of goods and services (annual % growth)..-0.883239984512.41034603129.841453552211.177609443712.618745803813.328152656612.022301673913.897076606816.636262893710.59083175664.23409223568.731093406710.6534461975-4.14903640750.481567293428.12471580513.826998710612.891912460317.985385894814.699705123913.8434944153-1.517463803313.827376365719.72513580325.356542587315.277862548829.166105270423.35264968878.95516490948.443448066715.012496948218.296239852912.66534423839.830809593210.96494865425.45284843445.2557053566-4.61551666263.8981797695

HKGHong Kong, ChinaNE.EXP.GNFS.KDExports of goods and services (constant 1995 US$)45448734724504731136506378393655621340166183847424696417177678923668488841210880100698808321174513254412989039616135390074881472111104016289417216156135628801568875315220101171200208704409602356104192027798585344318848942083629887897635748057088406910730244871744307251327016960591686860807642588774494273355776102715695104111388434432128110624768151550050304170744381440187529936896208092512256219439480832230972571648220311994368228900143104

HKGHong Kong, ChinaNY.GDP.MKTP.KDGDP (constant 1995 US$)9215154176105907384321213630361613552808960151251292161699806412818163089408185182720001911791820821406334976234419978242517848268827948828672314958561283215463628832282302464378353336324237974732846094417920515426263045688803737662215950336638693498886790383206474549485568746917068808297603072093725802496101194014720103785299968107318878208112747372544119808827392127154896896134023282688139241570304145490608128152723931136144877699072149096398848

HKGHong Kong, ChinaNY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)..14.927412033114.593550682111.671637535111.601440429712.38293457036.8538727761.95551407343.238129377411.97001266489.50963020327.407581806211.002823829712.6911516192.09164404870.397039115417.201473236112.01102352148.76520347611.819671630910.37085723889.3656091692.65751910216.31677341469.78686714170.190772727111.091352462812.95527839667.96815013892.56070423133.40470170975.05828714376.2630715376.13149595265.40158748633.89357614524.48790216454.971681118-5.13753032682.9119079113

HKGHong Kong, ChinaNY.GDP.PCAP.KDGDP per capita (constant 1995 US$)3007.55688476563289.21264648443611.39306640623887.60375976564205.35009765624604.02636718754814.93505859384825.78466796884917.96923828125457.68115234385946.72705078126275.542968756835.058593757548.18408203127542.79589843757404.19824218758515.71777343759396.8398437510027.06445312510352.0039062511289.54882812512151.55273437512277.844726562512848.407226562513882.585937513689.829101562515021.004882812516795.23437517984.93164062518252.1367187518813.02148437519591.88476562520651.35351562521548.02539062522344.66210937522618.8398437523053.49414062523488.7617187521800.5429687522184.65234375

SingaporeGDP growth (annual %)13.8203859329-0.0406504058.90605926510.560119509711.696991920510.585774421713.029939651514.260431289713.373645782513.443369865412.539561271713.339822769211.25481510166.75941371923.9595289237.1875848777.75922489178.5876798639.31043434149.69508075719.60465717326.87510633478.17877006538.3124952316-1.61847400672.29812932019.725526809711.63305377969.62295722968.97515678417.27957916266.271156787912.912773132311.43137931828.06878280647.55862522138.22981643680.40146768095.3521380424

Country CodeHKGHKGHKGHKGHKGSGP

Country NameHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaSingapore

Series CodeNE.EXP.GNFS.KD.ZGNE.EXP.GNFS.KDNY.GDP.MKTP.KDNY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGNY.GDP.PCAP.KD

Series NameExports of goods and services (annual % growth)Exports of goods and services (constant 1995 US$)GDP (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)GDP per capita (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)

1960454487347292151541763007.5568847656

1961-0.883239984545047311361059073843214.92741203313289.212646484413.8203859329

196212.410346031250637839361213630361614.59355068213611.3930664062-0.040650405

19639.841453552255621340161355280896011.67163753513887.60375976568.9060592651

196411.177609443761838474241512512921611.60144042974205.35009765620.5601195097

196512.618745803869641717761699806412812.38293457034604.026367187511.6969919205

196613.32815265667892366848181630894086.8538727764814.935058593810.5857744217

196712.02230167398841210880185182720001.95551407344825.784667968813.0299396515

196813.897076606810069880832191179182083.23812937744917.969238281214.2604312897

196916.6362628937117451325442140633497611.97001266485457.681152343813.3736457825

197010.590831756612989039616234419978249.50963020325946.727050781213.4433698654

19714.234092235613539007488251784826887.40758180626275.5429687512.5395612717

19728.7310934067147211110402794882867211.00282382976835.0585937513.3398227692

197310.6534461975162894172163149585612812.6911516197548.184082031211.2548151016

1974-4.149036407515613562880321546362882.09164404877542.79589843756.7594137192

19750.481567293415688753152322823024640.39703911547404.19824218753.959528923

197628.1247158051201011712003783533363217.20147323618515.71777343757.187584877

19773.8269987106208704409604237974732812.01102352149396.839843757.7592248917

197812.891912460323561041920460944179208.76520347610027.0644531258.587679863

197917.9853858948277985853445154262630411.819671630910352.003906259.3104343414

198014.6997051239318848942085688803737610.370857238811289.5488281259.6950807571

198113.843494415336298878976622159503369.36560916912151.5527343759.6046571732

1982-1.517463803335748057088638693498882.657519102112277.84472656256.8751063347

198313.827376365740691073024679038320646.316773414612848.40722656258.1787700653

198419.725135803248717443072745494855689.786867141713882.58593758.3124952316

19855.356542587351327016960746917068800.190772727113689.8291015625-1.6184740067

198615.2778625488591686860808297603072011.091352462815021.00488281252.2981293201

198729.1661052704764258877449372580249612.955278396616795.2343759.7255268097

198823.3526496887942733557761011940147207.968150138917984.93164062511.6330537796

19898.95516490941027156951041037852999682.560704231318252.136718759.6229572296

19908.44344806671113884344321073188782083.404701709718813.0214843758.9751567841

199115.01249694821281106247681127473725445.058287143719591.8847656257.2795791626

199218.29623985291515500503041198088273926.26307153720651.3535156256.2711567879

199312.66534423831707443814401271548968966.131495952621548.02539062512.9127731323

19949.83080959321875299368961340232826885.401587486322344.66210937511.4313793182

199510.96494865422080925122561392415703043.893576145222618.839843758.0687828064

19965.45284843442194394808321454906081284.487902164523053.4941406257.5586252213

19975.25570535662309725716481527239311364.97168111823488.761718758.2298164368

1998-4.6155166626220311994368144877699072-5.137530326821800.542968750.4014676809

19993.89817976952289001431041490963988482.911907911322184.652343755.3521380424

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Singapore and Hong KongBoth are newly industrialized economiesGDP composition:SectorSingaporeHong Kongagriculture0%0%industry27%7%service73%93%

Singapore and Hong KongExports:Singapore:13th in the worldHong Kong: 11th in the world54% to mainland ChinaImports:Singapore:13th in the worldHong Kong:9th in the world47% from mainland China

Economic developmentSingapore and Hong Konghave achieved similar economic successthrough very different economic approachespath of economic development diverged after World War IIsimilar experience under British colonial ruledivergent political development after WWIIdivergent economic models after 1960s

Colonial legaciesBoth became entry ports to mainlandboth benefited from British management and technological expertiseboth attracted inflow of Chinese emigrantsChinese population in Singapore doubled in 1820sChinese population in Hong Kong quadrupled between the two World Wars

Divergent paths after WWIISingapore gained independence (1959)Lee Kuan Yews Peoples Action Partyeconomy grew at a slow pace in 1950sstill based on intermediary tradeboosted by the Korean War of 1950 - 1953

Divergent paths after WWIIHong Kong restructured its economypopulation quadrupled 1945 - 1955large-scale relocation of capital, entrepreneurs, and assets from mainland Chinatrade embargo against mainland China after Korean War broke out actually benefited HKrelative political stabilitypopular political apathy

Divergent development modelSingapores Peoples Action Partyfaced severe internal and external conflicts in 1960sPAP became a elitist and paternalistic partyneo-Confucianism?government intervention in the economydrew up a state development plan

Singapores development 1960sNew institutionsEconomic Development Boardpromote industrial developmentHousing and Development Boarddevelop industrial estatesDevelopment Bank of Singaporeprovide industrial financingJurong Town Corporationacquire, develop, and manage development sites

Singapores development 1960sRestructured from trading port to manufacturing basegovernment intervention to attract foreign investmentin labor marketin providing public housingin improving educational facilitiesin developing a social security system

Singapores development 1960sproduced phenomenal economic growthachieved full employment by early 1970sventured into high-tech, capital-intensive industries and high value-added services

19452003

MyanmarThailandCambodiaNorth VietnamSouth VietnamMalaysiaSingaporeIndonesiaPhilippines

1945Japan surrendered

1946BritishFrenchBritishCrown ColonyDutchRoxas

1947military coup

1948U Nu

1949SukarnoQuirino

1950

1951silent coup

1952

1953Magsaysay

1954King SihanoukHo Chi MinhNgo Dinh Diem

1955

1956

1957military coupindependence

1958martial lawAlliance PartyGarcia

1959Ne WinLee Kuan Yew

1960U Nu

1961

1962Ne WinMacapagal

1963Malaysia

1964

1965

1966Lee Kuan YewMarcos

1967Nguyen Van Thieu

1968Suharto

1969riot

1970Le Duan

1971coupLon Nolparliamentary

1972martial lawNew Economic Policymartial law

1973

1974

1975

1976coupKhmer RougeLe Duan

1977coup

1978

1979Vietnam

1980

1981MahathirMarcos

1982

1983

1984

1985coup attemptHun Sen

1986

1987Doi Moi ReformsAquino

1988democratic election

1989Barison Nasional

1990State Law & Order Restoration CouncilHun SenMahathirGoh Chok Tong

1991military coup

1992Chuan LeekpaiKing SihanoukRamos

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Chuan LeekpaiHun Sen

1998State Peace & Development CouncilEstrada

1999Wahid

2000

2001general electionMegawatiMacapagal-Arroyo

2002

2003

areapopu

square kmsquare mipopulation

Myanmar67655226121842238224

Thailand51311519811561797751

Cambodia1810356989812491501

Vietnam33169012806679939014

Malaysia32975812732022229040

Singapore6482504300419

Indonesia1904443735310232073071

Philippines30000011583182841518

Chart1

5425308672

6175107072

6172596736

6722332160

6759985152

7550700032

8350000128

9438000128

10783899648

12226100224

13869700096

15608899584

17691099136

19682199552

21012600832

21844600832

23414700032

25231499264

27398299648

29949200384

32852799488

36008198144

38483800064

41631301632

45091901440

Singapore's GDP 1960-1984 (in constant local currency)

seasiaec

Series CodeSeries NameMyanmarThailandCambodiaVietnamMalaysiaSingaporeIndonesiaPhilippines

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1960

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19610.47155645495.36213827137.597995281213.82038593296.10492515565.6165795326

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19624.08687543877.55424213416.4210262299-0.0406504051.90965437894.7731227875

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)196313.34929561617.99983549127.3388042458.9060592651-2.25303840647.0604867935

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1964-5.89402341846.83102941515.35896301270.56011950973.45146989823.4469866753




















NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19844.932726865.7524304397.76193475728.31249523167.1721529961-7.3236804008

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19852.85100197794.64724016193.8058443069-1.1222528219-1.61847400673.4775373936-7.3066091537

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1986-1.05735051635.53382778172.78930473331.1525055172.29812932015.96451663973.416785717


NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1988-11.352438926713.288114547711.97690868385.13500404369.937719345111.63305377966.35567903526.7525482178

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19893.695297002812.19050598143.47938323027.36451721199.05847930919.62295722969.08462047586.2053017616


NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1991-0.6506167658.5582599647.59129810335.96084499369.54546737677.27957916268.92760849-0.5783379674






NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19975.6515865326-1.68239355091.02945113188.14999961857.32274198538.22981643684.69987869265.1853661537

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19984.9535684586-10.16944980621.00000369555.8000001907-7.36754894260.4014676809-13.0072555542-0.7619087696

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19994.15719890594.54.80000019075.80284357075.35213804240.3074882033.1744897366

NY.GDP.MKTP.KNGDP (constant LCU)19602090991206421485238681614886610944542530867244497245306880212211007488








































NE.EXP.GNFS.KDExports of goods and services (constant 1995 US$)19601508835072391683660881341332483019788544








































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myanmarg

Myanmar

1946British

1947

1948U Nu

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959Ne Win

1960U Nu

1961

1962Ne Win

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990State Law & Order Restoration Council

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998State Peace & Development Council

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

myanmarg

0.4715564549

4.0868754387

13.3492956161

-5.8940234184

10.6926527023

-4.8517780304

-5.9252567291

12.0593347549

3.2917473316

4.9793276787

4.1299595833

2.4358465672

-0.968128562

5.342376709

4.1527066231

6.0803999901

5.9522914886

6.5178108215

5.201280117

7.9385375977

6.3557567596

5.6038732529

4.3910946846

4.93272686

2.8510019779

-1.0573505163

-4.0056319237

-11.3524389267

3.6952970028

2.816930294

-0.650616765

9.6609458923

6.0394105911

7.4779553413

6.9480500221

6.4427199364

5.6515865326

4.9535684586

Myanmar

Myanmar GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

thailand

Thailand

1946

1947military coup

1948

1949

1950

1951silent coup

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957military coup

1958martial law

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971coup

1972martial law

1973

1974

1975

1976coup

1977coup

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985coup attempt

1986

1987


1989

1990

1991military coup

1992Chuan Leekpai

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Chuan Leekpai

1998

1999

2000

2001general election

2002

2003

thailand

5.3621382713

7.5542421341

7.9998354912

6.8310294151

8.1816473007

11.1225185394

8.6159820557

8.1222705841

6.5506596565

11.4079494476

4.8953738213

4.2785081863

10.2364330292

4.4662532806

4.9704051018

9.3268108368

9.843462944

10.2957468033

5.3717665672

5.173541069

5.906867981

5.3523488045

5.5842022896

5.752430439

4.6472401619

5.5338277817

9.518945694

13.2881145477

12.1905059814

11.1671638489

8.558259964

8.0833883286

8.3837442398

8.9523706436

8.9013442993

5.9270458221

-1.6823935509

-10.1694498062

4.1571989059

Thailand

Thailand GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

cambviet

CambodiaNorth VietnamSouth Vietnam

1946French

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953


1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966


1968

1969

1970Le Duan

1971Lon Nol

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976Khmer RougeLe Duan

1977

1978

1979Vietnam

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985Hun Sen

1986

1987Doi Moi Reforms

1988

1989

1990Hun Sen

1991

1992King Sihanouk

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Hun Sen

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

cambviet

03.8058443069

02.7893047333

03.5834686756

11.97690868385.1350040436

3.47938323027.3645172119

1.16231179245.1009173393

7.59129810335.9608449936

7.01753854758.6460428238

4.09837102898.0727300644

3.97123241428.8389797211

7.6062006959.5417947769

7.0073380479.3408184052

1.02945113188.1499996185

1.00000369555.8000001907

4.54.8000001907

Cambodia

Vietnam

Cambodia & Vietnam GDP Growth Rate

malasing

MalaysiaSingapore

1946BritishCrown Colony

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957independence

1958Alliance Party

1959Lee Kuan Yew

1960

1961

1962

1963Malaysia

1964

1965

1966Lee Kuan Yew

1967

1968

1969riot

1970

1971parliamentary

1972New Economic Policy

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981Mahathir

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988


1990MahathirGoh Chok Tong

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

malasing

7.597995281213.8203859329

6.4210262299-0.040650405

7.3388042458.9060592651

5.35896301270.5601195097

7.684865474711.6969919205

7.816711425810.5857744217

3.857142925313.0299396515

7.97799158114.2604312897

4.888535022713.3736457825

5.986539363913.4433698654

5.753437519112.5395612717

9.381913185113.3398227692

11.714202880911.2548151016

8.30962467196.7594137192

0.801664713.959528923

11.56384277347.187584877

7.75647640237.7592248917

6.65202808388.587679863

9.34910011299.3104343414

7.44424057019.6950807571

6.94194841389.6046571732

5.94092702876.8751063347

6.25024795538.1787700653

7.76193475728.3124952316

-1.1222528219-1.6184740067

1.1525055172.2981293201

5.3886513719.7255268097

9.937719345111.6330537796

9.05847930919.6229572296

9.00964832318.9751567841

9.54546737677.2795791626

8.88511753086.2711567879

9.894943237312.9127731323

9.212041854911.4313793182

9.829085358.0687828064

10.00270080577.5586252213

7.32274198538.2298164368

-7.36754894260.4014676809

5.80284357075.3521380424

Malaysia

Singapore

indonesi

Indonesia

1946Dutch

1947

1948

1949Sukarno

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968Suharto

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999Wahid

2000

2001Megawati

2002

2003

indonesi

6.1049251556

1.9096543789

-2.2530384064

3.4514698982

0.9470788836

2.8504297733

1.1250034571

12.0341711044

7.4773898125

8.1520910263

6.9973692894

7.8826918602

9.7761583328

8.2568883896

6.183423996

5.9881486893

8.636469841

9.2055492401

7.0926175117

8.7250070572

8.1481895447

1.1040722132

8.4499053955

7.1721529961

3.4775373936

5.9645166397

5.3000073433

6.3556790352

9.0846204758

9.0017051697

8.92760849

7.2215890884

7.2531366348

7.5400691032

8.213098526

7.8250703812

4.6998786926

-13.0072555542

0.307488203

Indonesia

Indonesia GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

philippi

Philippines

1946Roxas

1947

1948

1949Quirino

1950

1951

1952

1953Magsaysay

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958Garcia

1959

1960

1961

1962Macapagal

1963

1964

1965

1966Marcos

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972martial law

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981Marcos

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987Aquino

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992Ramos

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998Estrada

1999

2000

2001Macapagal-Arroyo

2002

2003

philippi

5.6165795326

4.7731227875

7.0604867935

3.4469866753

5.2658090591

4.4259881973

5.323805809

4.9464330673

4.6541137695

3.7664763927

5.4286155701

5.4470529556

8.9190263748

3.5588717461

5.5659441948

8.8050117493

5.6022934914

5.1719312668

5.6404304504

5.1487312317

3.4232697487

3.6193292141

1.8746148348

-7.3236804008

-7.3066091537

3.416785717

4.3116335869

6.7525482178

6.2053017616

3.0369739532

-0.5783379674

0.3376029432

2.116312027

4.3876223564

4.6786909103

5.845870018

5.1853661537

-0.7619087696

3.1744897366

Philippines

Philippines GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

singhoko

14.927412033113.8203859329

14.5935506821-0.040650405

11.67163753518.9060592651

11.60144042970.5601195097

12.382934570311.6969919205

6.85387277610.5857744217

1.955514073413.0299396515

3.238129377414.2604312897

11.970012664813.3736457825

9.509630203213.4433698654

7.407581806212.5395612717

11.002823829713.3398227692

12.69115161911.2548151016

2.09164404876.7594137192

0.39703911543.959528923

17.20147323617.187584877

12.01102352147.7592248917

8.7652034768.587679863

11.81967163099.3104343414

10.37085723889.6950807571

9.3656091699.6046571732

2.65751910216.8751063347

6.31677341468.1787700653

9.78686714178.3124952316

0.1907727271-1.6184740067

11.09135246282.2981293201

12.95527839669.7255268097

7.968150138911.6330537796

2.56070423139.6229572296

3.40470170978.9751567841

5.05828714377.2795791626

6.2630715376.2711567879

6.131495952612.9127731323

5.401587486311.4313793182

3.89357614528.0687828064

4.48790216457.5586252213

4.9716811188.2298164368

-5.13753032680.4014676809

2.91190791135.3521380424


hk196099

yearHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaSingapore

Exports of goods and services (annual % growth)Exports of goods and services (constant 1995 US$)GDP (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)GDP per capita (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)

1960454487347292151541763007.55688476563

1961-0.88323998451232945047311361059073843214.9274120330811003289.2126464843813.8203859329224000

196212.41034603118900050637839361213630361614.5935506820679003611.39306640625-0.0406504049897194

19639.84145355224609055621340161355280896011.6716375350952003887.603759765638.9060592651367200

196411.17760944366460061838474241512512921611.6014404296875004205.350097656250.5601195096969600

196512.61874580383300069641717761699806412812.3829345703125004604.0263671875011.6969919204712000

196613.3281526565552007892366848181630894086.8538727760314904814.9350585937510.5857744216919000

196712.0223016738892008841210880185182720001.9555140733718904825.7846679687513.0299396514893000

196813.89707660675050010069880832191179182083.2381293773651104917.9692382812514.2604312896729000

196916.636262893676800117451325442140633497611.9700126647949005457.6811523437513.3736457824707000

197010.59083175659180012989039616234419978249.5096302032470705946.7270507812513.4433698654175000

19714.23409223556519013539007488251784826887.4075818061828606275.5429687500012.5395612716675000

19728.731093406677250147211110402794882867211.0028238296509006835.0585937500013.3398227691650000

197310.653446197509800162894172163149585612812.6911516189575007548.1840820312511.2548151016235000

1974-4.14903640747070015613562880321546362882.0916440486908007542.795898437506.7594137191772500

19750.48156729340553315688753152322823024640.3970391154289257404.198242187503.9595289230346700

197628.124715805053700201011712003783533363217.2014732360840008515.717773437507.1875848770141600

19773.826998710632320208704409604237974732812.0110235214233009396.839843750007.7592248916626000

197812.89191246032710023561041920460944179208.76520347595215010027.064453125008.5876798629760700

197917.985385894775400277985853445154262630411.81967163085940010352.003906250009.3104343414306600

198014.699705123901400318848942085688803737610.37085723876950011289.548828125009.6950807571411100

198113.84349441528320036298878976622159503369.36560916900635012151.552734375009.6046571731567400

1982-1.51746380329132035748057088638693498882.65751910209656012277.844726562506.8751063346862800

198313.82737636566160040691073024679038320646.31677341461182012848.407226562508.1787700653076200

198419.72513580322270048717443072745494855689.78686714172363013882.585937500008.3124952316284200

19855.35654258728027051327016960746917068800.19077272713184413689.82910156250-1.6184740066528300

198615.277862548828100591686860808297603072011.09135246276860015021.004882812502.2981293201446500

198729.166105270385700764258877449372580249612.95527839660640016795.234375000009.7255268096923800

198823.352649688720700942733557761011940147207.96815013885498017984.9316406250011.6330537796021000

19898.9551649093627901027156951041037852999682.56070423126221018252.136718750009.6229572296142600

19908.4434480667114301113884344321073188782083.40470170974731018813.021484375008.9751567840576200

199115.0124969482422001281106247681127473725445.05828714370728019591.884765625007.2795791625976600

199218.2962398529053001515500503041198088273926.26307153701782020651.353515625006.2711567878723100

199312.6653442382813001707443814401271548968966.13149595260620021548.0253906250012.9127731323242000

19949.8308095932006801875299368961340232826885.40158748626709022344.6621093750011.4313793182373000

199510.9649486541748002080925122561392415703043.89357614517212022618.839843750008.0687828063964800

19965.4528484344482402194394808321454906081284.48790216445923023053.494140625007.5586252212524400

19975.2557053565979002309725716481527239311364.97168111801147023488.761718750008.2298164367675800

1998-4.615516662597660220311994368144877699072-5.13753032684326021800.542968750000.4014676809310910

19993.8981797695159902289001431041490963988482.91190791130066022184.652343750005.3521380424499500

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Hong Kongs developmentHong Kong also enjoyed phenomenal economic successrapid expansion in manufacturing in 1960sindustrial diversification in 1970s

19452003

MyanmarThailandCambodiaNorth VietnamSouth VietnamMalaysiaSingaporeIndonesiaPhilippines

1945Japan surrendered

1946BritishFrenchBritishCrown ColonyDutchRoxas

1947military coup

1948U Nu

1949SukarnoQuirino

1950

1951silent coup

1952

1953Magsaysay


1955

1956

1957military coupindependence

1958martial lawAlliance PartyGarcia

1959Ne WinLee Kuan Yew

1960U Nu

1961

1962Ne WinMacapagal

1963Malaysia

1964

1965

1966Lee Kuan YewMarcos


1968Suharto

1969riot

1970Le Duan

1971coupLon Nolparliamentary

1972martial lawNew Economic Policymartial law

1973

1974

1975

1976coupKhmer RougeLe Duan

1977coup

1978

1979Vietnam

1980

1981MahathirMarcos

1982

1983

1984

1985coup attemptHun Sen

1986

1987Doi Moi ReformsAquino



1990State Law & Order Restoration CouncilHun SenMahathirGoh Chok Tong

1991military coup

1992Chuan LeekpaiKing SihanoukRamos

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Chuan LeekpaiHun Sen

1998State Peace & Development CouncilEstrada

1999Wahid

2000

2001general electionMegawatiMacapagal-Arroyo

2002

2003

areapopu

square kmsquare mipopulation

Myanmar67655226121842238224

Thailand51311519811561797751

Cambodia1810356989812491501

Vietnam33169012806679939014

Malaysia32975812732022229040

Singapore6482504300419

Indonesia1904443735310232073071

Philippines30000011583182841518

Chart1

5425308672

6175107072

6172596736

6722332160

6759985152

7550700032

8350000128

9438000128

10783899648

12226100224

13869700096

15608899584

17691099136

19682199552

21012600832

21844600832

23414700032

25231499264

27398299648

29949200384

32852799488

36008198144

38483800064

41631301632

45091901440

Singapore's GDP (in constant local currency)

seasiaec

Series CodeSeries NameMyanmarThailandCambodiaVietnamMalaysiaSingaporeIndonesiaPhilippines

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1960


NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19624.08687543877.55424213416.4210262299-0.0406504051.90965437894.7731227875

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)196313.34929561617.99983549127.3388042458.9060592651-2.25303840647.0604867935





















NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19844.932726865.7524304397.76193475728.31249523167.1721529961-7.3236804008

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19852.85100197794.64724016193.8058443069-1.1222528219-1.61847400673.4775373936-7.3066091537



NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1988-11.352438926713.288114547711.97690868385.13500404369.937719345111.63305377966.35567903526.7525482178



NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)1991-0.6506167658.5582599647.59129810335.96084499369.54546737677.27957916268.92760849-0.5783379674






NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19975.6515865326-1.68239355091.02945113188.14999961857.32274198538.22981643684.69987869265.1853661537

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19984.9535684586-10.16944980621.00000369555.8000001907-7.36754894260.4014676809-13.0072555542-0.7619087696

NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZGGDP growth (annual %)19994.15719890594.54.80000019075.80284357075.35213804240.3074882033.1744897366

















































































&A

Page &P

myanmarg

Myanmar

1946British

1947

1948U Nu

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959Ne Win

1960U Nu

1961

1962Ne Win

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990State Law & Order Restoration Council

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998State Peace & Development Council

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

myanmarg

0.4715564549

4.0868754387

13.3492956161

-5.8940234184

10.6926527023

-4.8517780304

-5.9252567291

12.0593347549

3.2917473316

4.9793276787

4.1299595833

2.4358465672

-0.968128562

5.342376709

4.1527066231

6.0803999901

5.9522914886

6.5178108215

5.201280117

7.9385375977

6.3557567596

5.6038732529

4.3910946846

4.93272686

2.8510019779

-1.0573505163

-4.0056319237

-11.3524389267

3.6952970028

2.816930294

-0.650616765

9.6609458923

6.0394105911

7.4779553413

6.9480500221

6.4427199364

5.6515865326

4.9535684586

Myanmar

Myanmar GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

thailand

Thailand

1946

1947military coup

1948

1949

1950

1951silent coup

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957military coup

1958martial law

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971coup

1972martial law

1973

1974

1975

1976coup

1977coup

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985coup attempt

1986

1987


1989

1990

1991military coup

1992Chuan Leekpai

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Chuan Leekpai

1998

1999

2000

2001general election

2002

2003

thailand

5.3621382713

7.5542421341

7.9998354912

6.8310294151

8.1816473007

11.1225185394

8.6159820557

8.1222705841

6.5506596565

11.4079494476

4.8953738213

4.2785081863

10.2364330292

4.4662532806

4.9704051018

9.3268108368

9.843462944

10.2957468033

5.3717665672

5.173541069

5.906867981

5.3523488045

5.5842022896

5.752430439

4.6472401619

5.5338277817

9.518945694

13.2881145477

12.1905059814

11.1671638489

8.558259964

8.0833883286

8.3837442398

8.9523706436

8.9013442993

5.9270458221

-1.6823935509

-10.1694498062

4.1571989059

Thailand

Thailand GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

cambviet

CambodiaNorth VietnamSouth Vietnam

1946French

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953


1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966


1968

1969

1970Le Duan

1971Lon Nol

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976Khmer RougeLe Duan

1977

1978

1979Vietnam

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985Hun Sen

1986

1987Doi Moi Reforms

1988

1989

1990Hun Sen

1991

1992King Sihanouk

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997Hun Sen

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

cambviet

03.8058443069

02.7893047333

03.5834686756

11.97690868385.1350040436

3.47938323027.3645172119

1.16231179245.1009173393

7.59129810335.9608449936

7.01753854758.6460428238

4.09837102898.0727300644

3.97123241428.8389797211

7.6062006959.5417947769

7.0073380479.3408184052

1.02945113188.1499996185

1.00000369555.8000001907

4.54.8000001907

Cambodia

Vietnam

Cambodia & Vietnam GDP Growth Rate

malasing

MalaysiaSingapore

1946BritishCrown Colony

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957independence

1958Alliance Party

1959Lee Kuan Yew

1960

1961

1962

1963Malaysia

1964

1965

1966Lee Kuan Yew

1967

1968

1969riot

1970

1971parliamentary

1972New Economic Policy

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981Mahathir

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988


1990MahathirGoh Chok Tong

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

malasing

7.597995281213.8203859329

6.4210262299-0.040650405

7.3388042458.9060592651

5.35896301270.5601195097

7.684865474711.6969919205

7.816711425810.5857744217

3.857142925313.0299396515

7.97799158114.2604312897

4.888535022713.3736457825

5.986539363913.4433698654

5.753437519112.5395612717

9.381913185113.3398227692

11.714202880911.2548151016

8.30962467196.7594137192

0.801664713.959528923

11.56384277347.187584877

7.75647640237.7592248917

6.65202808388.587679863

9.34910011299.3104343414

7.44424057019.6950807571

6.94194841389.6046571732

5.94092702876.8751063347

6.25024795538.1787700653

7.76193475728.3124952316

-1.1222528219-1.6184740067

1.1525055172.2981293201

5.3886513719.7255268097

9.937719345111.6330537796

9.05847930919.6229572296

9.00964832318.9751567841

9.54546737677.2795791626

8.88511753086.2711567879

9.894943237312.9127731323

9.212041854911.4313793182

9.829085358.0687828064

10.00270080577.5586252213

7.32274198538.2298164368

-7.36754894260.4014676809

5.80284357075.3521380424

Malaysia

Singapore

indonesi

Indonesia

1946Dutch

1947

1948

1949Sukarno

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968Suharto

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999Wahid

2000

2001Megawati

2002

2003

indonesi

6.1049251556

1.9096543789

-2.2530384064

3.4514698982

0.9470788836

2.8504297733

1.1250034571

12.0341711044

7.4773898125

8.1520910263

6.9973692894

7.8826918602

9.7761583328

8.2568883896

6.183423996

5.9881486893

8.636469841

9.2055492401

7.0926175117

8.7250070572

8.1481895447

1.1040722132

8.4499053955

7.1721529961

3.4775373936

5.9645166397

5.3000073433

6.3556790352

9.0846204758

9.0017051697

8.92760849

7.2215890884

7.2531366348

7.5400691032

8.213098526

7.8250703812

4.6998786926

-13.0072555542

0.307488203

Indonesia

Indonesia GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

philippi

Philippines

1946Roxas

1947

1948

1949Quirino

1950

1951

1952

1953Magsaysay

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958Garcia

1959

1960

1961

1962Macapagal

1963

1964

1965

1966Marcos

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972martial law

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981Marcos

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987Aquino

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992Ramos

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998Estrada

1999

2000

2001Macapagal-Arroyo

2002

2003

philippi

5.6165795326

4.7731227875

7.0604867935

3.4469866753

5.2658090591

4.4259881973

5.323805809

4.9464330673

4.6541137695

3.7664763927

5.4286155701

5.4470529556

8.9190263748

3.5588717461

5.5659441948

8.8050117493

5.6022934914

5.1719312668

5.6404304504

5.1487312317

3.4232697487

3.6193292141

1.8746148348

-7.3236804008

-7.3066091537

3.416785717

4.3116335869

6.7525482178

6.2053017616

3.0369739532

-0.5783379674

0.3376029432

2.116312027

4.3876223564

4.6786909103

5.845870018

5.1853661537

-0.7619087696

3.1744897366

Philippines

Philippines GDP Growth Rate 1961 - 1999

singhoko

14.927412033113.8203859329

14.5935506821-0.040650405

11.67163753518.9060592651

11.60144042970.5601195097

12.382934570311.6969919205

6.85387277610.5857744217

1.955514073413.0299396515

3.238129377414.2604312897

11.970012664813.3736457825

9.509630203213.4433698654

7.407581806212.5395612717

11.002823829713.3398227692

12.69115161911.2548151016

2.09164404876.7594137192

0.39703911543.959528923

17.20147323617.187584877

12.01102352147.7592248917

8.7652034768.587679863

11.81967163099.3104343414

10.37085723889.6950807571

9.3656091699.6046571732

2.65751910216.8751063347

6.31677341468.1787700653

9.78686714178.3124952316

0.1907727271-1.6184740067

11.09135246282.2981293201

12.95527839669.7255268097

7.968150138911.6330537796

2.56070423139.6229572296

3.40470170978.9751567841

5.05828714377.2795791626

6.2630715376.2711567879

6.131495952612.9127731323

5.401587486311.4313793182

3.89357614528.0687828064

4.48790216457.5586252213

4.9716811188.2298164368

-5.13753032680.4014676809

2.91190791135.3521380424


Chart2

9215154176

10590738432

12136303616

13552808960

15125129216

16998064128

18163089408

18518272000

19117918208

21406334976

23441997824

25178482688

27948828672

31495856128

32154636288

32282302464

37835333632

42379747328

46094417920

51542626304

56888037376

62215950336

63869349888

67903832064

74549485568

Hong Kong's GDP 1960-1984 (in constant local currency)

hk196099

yearHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaHong Kong, ChinaSingapore

Exports of goods and services (annual % growth)Exports of goods and services (constant 1995 US$)GDP (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)GDP per capita (constant 1995 US$)GDP growth (annual %)

1960454487347292151541763007.55688476563

1961-0.88323998451232945047311361059073843214.9274120330811003289.2126464843813.8203859329224000

196212.41034603118900050637839361213630361614.5935506820679003611.39306640625-0.0406504049897194

19639.84145355224609055621340161355280896011.6716375350952003887.603759765638.9060592651367200

196411.17760944366460061838474241512512921611.6014404296875004205.350097656250.5601195096969600

196512.61874580383300069641717761699806412812.3829345703125004604.0263671875011.6969919204712000

196613.3281526565552007892366848181630894086.8538727760314904814.9350585937510.5857744216919000

196712.0223016738892008841210880185182720001.9555140733718904825.7846679687513.0299396514893000

196813.89707660675050010069880832191179182083.2381293773651104917.9692382812514.2604312896729000

196916.636262893676800117451325442140633497611.9700126647949005457.6811523437513.3736457824707000

197010.59083175659180012989039616234419978249.5096302032470705946.7270507812513.4433698654175000

19714.23409223556519013539007488251784826887.4075818061828606275.5429687500012.5395612716675000

19728.731093406677250147211110402794882867211.0028238296509006835.0585937500013.3398227691650000

197310.653446197509800162894172163149585612812.6911516189575007548.1840820312511.2548151016235000

1974-4.14903640747070015613562880321546362882.0916440486908007542.795898437506.7594137191772500

19750.48156729340553315688753152322823024640.3970391154289257404.198242187503.9595289230346700

197628.124715805053700201011712003783533363217.2014732360840008515.717773437507.1875848770141600

19773.826998710632320208704409604237974732812.0110235214233009396.839843750007.7592248916626000

197812.89191246032710023561041920460944179208.76520347595215010027.064453125008.5876798629760700

197917.985385894775400277985853445154262630411.81967163085940010352.003906250009.3104343414306600

198014.699705123901400318848942085688803737610.37085723876950011289.548828125009.6950807571411100

198113.84349441528320036298878976622159503369.36560916900635012151.552734375009.6046571731567400

1982-1.51746380329132035748057088638693498882.65751910209656012277.844726562506.8751063346862800

198313.82737636566160040691073024679038320646.31677341461182012848.407226562508.1787700653076200

198419.72513580322270048717443072745494855689.78686714172363013882.585937500008.3124952316284200

19855.35654258728027051327016960746917068800.19077272713184413689.82910156250-1.6184740066528300

198615.277862548828100591686860808297603072011.09135246276860015021.004882812502.2981293201446500

198729.166105270385700764258877449372580249612.95527839660640016795.234375000009.7255268096923800

198823.352649688720700942733557761011940147207.96815013885498017984.9316406250011.6330537796021000

19898.9551649093627901027156951041037852999682.56070423126221018252.136718750009.6229572296142600

19908.4434480667114301113884344321073188782083.40470170974731018813.021484375008.9751567840576200

199115.0124969482422001281106247681127473725445.05828714370728019591.884765625007.2795791625976600

199218.2962398529053001515500503041198088273926.26307153701782020651.353515625006.2711567878723100

199312.6653442382813001707443814401271548968966.13149595260620021548.0253906250012.9127731323242000

19949.8308095932006801875299368961340232826885.40158748626709022344.6621093750011.4313793182373000

199510.9649486541748002080925122561392415703043.89357614517212022618.839843750008.0687828063964800

19965.4528484344482402194394808321454906081284.48790216445923023053.494140625007.5586252212524400

19975.2557053565979002309725716481527239311364.97168111801147023488.761718750008.2298164367675800

1998-4.615516662597660220311994368144877699072-5.13753032684326021800.542968750000.4014676809310910

19993.8981797695159902289001431041490963988482.91190791130066022184.652343750005.3521380424499500

&A

Page &P

Hong Kongs developmentgovernments laissez-faire principlereactive, selective, & reluctant interventiondevelopment of public housingprovide lower-middle-income families with access to home ownershipsocial expenditure & community developmentdevelopment of human resourcesintervention to maintain competitiveness

Convergence since 1980s?Singapore reconsidered its development strategyeconomy diversified from manufacturing to financial and professional servicesaims to surpass Hong Kong as an international center of finance & business HQgovernment relaxed intervention in economyfree capital flows and foreign investment even after Asian Financial Crisis of 1997

Convergence since 1980s?Hong Kong government moved in the opposite directionbecame more interventionistto cope with the political uncertainty during the negotiations between PRC and UKintervened in stock and currency markethas linked HK$ to US$ since 1983

Convergence after crisis?

Documents

Comparing Singapore and Hong Kong