Compare/Contrast Slide 2 Persians 4 empires rule Achaemenid
Cyrus the Great Darius Capital at Persepolis 23 regional satrapies
Locals appointed to serve satraps Audits by roving bands of
government spies Effective bureaucracy Satraps Collect taxes and
tribute Oversee standardized coinage Ensure laws are enforced
inspectors (spies) Pony express communication Greeks Monarchy Polis
Independent City State/state level government No clear dominant
state that had all the power Athens democracy Sparta Responsive to
local needs Oligarchy Tyranny Cities of Sparta and Athens had
mutual antagonisms. Persian War - Athens and Sparta became allies
to defeat Persia. Peloponnesian War, - Sparta and Persia became
allies in order to defeat Athens. Slide 3 Built good roads for
communication and control 1 week end to Expansion Standardized laws
Tolerant of local beliefs Charter of Human Rights Etched on a clay
cylinder set forth goals and policies Each conquered region kept
its own culture and political system had to pay taxes (tribute) No
official language Overzealous and lost to the Greeks Solon:
canceled debts, graduated income tax, Council of Four Hundred made
up of merchants and other citizens Divided people into four classes
based on wealth; All citizens could participate as
jurors;Peisistratus Redistributed land; government loans to
encourage agriculture; promoted colonies; promoted worship of
Athena and festival to Dionysus to create cultural unity
Cleisthenes Father of Athenian democracy Expansion under Alexander
the Great Importance of Alexandria in Egypt After his death empire
was split in three Autocracy was common Many empires and kingdoms
emerged Slide 4 Persians Military conquest to expand the empire
Egypt, Anatolia, Thrace, Macedonia, Indus River Valley Militarism
Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class
Predominance of the armed forces Warrior class the most important
Paid Army Ten Thousand Immortals hand picked for skills and
dedication Cyrus the Achaemenid conquered the weakening Assyrian
and Babylonian empires. Darius extended the empire even more
conquering places India to the east, Egypt to the west, and Armenia
to the North. The Persian Wars and their effort to control Greece
brought about the downfall of the Achaemenids. Greeks Had adequate
military resources. Sparta, boys at the age of seven began training
to become part of the army. They were taught the skills of being a
strong soldier. Therefore, Spartas army was very strong. Alexander
allowed conquered people to join his military Alexander the Great
invaded and dissolved the Persian Empire, destroyed Persepolis, but
proclaimed himself the legitimate successor of the Achaemenids.
Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Persians Royal Road Super highway for
caravans Coined money Overland trade Connected India, Egypt, Greece
Regular taxes from satraps replaced intermittent tributes Conquered
kingdoms offered more natural resources and raw materials Increased
trading opportunities Equestrian skills and horses Fed horses
alfalfa to make them stronger Greeks Sea trade extremely important
to Greek way of life Export wine and olive oil The empire became
very strong through a reliable trade economy Slide 8 Persians
Rituals not working people lost faith in sacrifices Zoroastrianism
: world created and governed by two powerful but different forces
Good Ahura Mazda represented by light and fire; created truth and
wisdom Evil Ahriman represented by darkness; created flashflood and
ignorance World a conflict between the two Humans have free will to
choose between good and evil No fasting, sacrifices, or rituals be
righteous, chase, compassionate, charitable, promote education
Monotheistic Royal family believed so most of the Persian empire
chose to believe King would not persecute those who did not believe
Greeks Polytheistic Gods and goddesses exhibited human like
behavior Mythological stories Sought to understand the mysteries of
nature and human passion Greco(Roman) religion never became a world
class religion Slide 9 Persians Patriarchy Religion did not allow
for slaves Citizenship was granted to those who were conquered
Governed 30 million subjects Cyrus - Freed Jews and allowed them to
rebuild their temple Women worked in textile manufacturing Diverse
cultures; respected cultural traditions of the peoples they ruled
Warriors, priests, and peasants gave way to an educated bureaucracy
Free classes included artisans, craftsmen, merchants, and
low-ranking civil servants Large % of population was free
individuals but did not have privileges of clan leaders and
important bureaucrats. Greeks Patriarchy Slaves Male citizens in
Athens could participate in government Women had little rights Poor
Athenian farmers had no political rights and resented landowners
Merchants were jealous of the aristocracy Had wealth but no social
status Merchants became rich farmers became poor and accumulated
debt Became the loan holders debt slaves Revolt and revolution
Source of unity language, religion, Olympics, and views of
non-Greeks as barbarians Slide 10 Persians first empire to
introduce the exchange of goods for coinage and developed from a
barter economy to an money economy Postal service 111 postal
stations Standardized weights and measures Advanced iron technology
Greeks Philosophers Logic Think about thinking Ethical behavior
Humanism Belief that humans are the center of all things and can
rely on their own abilities to meet challenges Arete an individual
heros courage and display of physical strength, loyalty, and
fearlessness Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Slide 11 Know Thyself
Question Everything Only the Pursuit of Goodness brings Happiness
Condemned to Suicide for Corrupting the Youth of Athens Slide 12
Student of Socrates The Republic: philosopher-kings Rejected
Democracy as the best form of government. = mob rule He believed
controlling the people was key to good government. People should be
raised by the state. Three classes of people. Workers. Warriors.
Philosophers to lead. Philosopher king to rule. Founder of The
Academy The Prisoners in the Cave and the Ideal Forms. Slide 13
Student of Plato Founder of The Lyceum He started his own school
for the study of many subjects; such as. Ethics. Logic. Biology.
Literature. Scientific Method The Golden Mean (moderation) Slide 14
Term for the period of Alexanders rule and that of his generals,.
Characterized by blend of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures
Long-distance trade flourished, Hellenic philosophy (stoicism: use
powers of reason to lead virtuous lives and assist others)
Euclidean geometry; Studies of human anatomy and physiology by
Galen; Eratosthenes calculates circumference of Earth Error
promoted during this era: astronomer Ptolemy expounded geocentric
theory of universe (earth as center). This is accepted as truth
until the 17 th century. Ends 146 BCE, with conquest of Greek
peninsula by Rome. Slide 15 Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)
Slide 16 Persians Distinct architecture forms Palaces, audience
halls, monuments, carvings Darius Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Animals a common subject Persepolis a monument of Persias glory
Construction of qanat-underground canals Greeks Because of slavery:
ignored advancing agricultural technology, leaving engineers to
focus on better ships, roads, buildings, weapons, and the like Free
form human sculptures Gladiators Pottery Jewelry Columns Doric,
Ionic, Corinthian Slide 17 Slide 18 Ancient Persepolis Slide 19
Persian Archers & Soldiers Slide 20 Persepolis Slide 21 The
People of Persepolis Slide 22 Served as political center for the
empire as well as a monument to the Achaemenid dynasty Structures
included vast reception halls, lavish royal residences, and a
well-protected treasury; the capital bustled with advisors,
ministers, diplomats, scribes, accountants, translators, and
bureaucratic officers for a variety of functions. Alexander the
Great and his troops later conquered the city, confiscated the
wealth stored in the treasury, paid his respects to the tomb of
Cyrus, and then celebrated, accidentally burning the city to the
ground. Slide 23 Slide 24 Monumental construction, square or
rectangular in shape, columns Slide 25 Compare Doric and Ionic
Orders Slide 26 Acropolis Slide 27 The Parthenon Slide 28 Persians
Modern day Iran Environmental mosaic mountains, valley plateaus,
jungles, deserts, arable lands, bordered many seas Dug a canal
linking the Nile with the Red Seal, which greatly expanded commerce
and enriched Egypt Medes and Persian people migrated from Asia to
Mesopotamia, sharing cultural traits with their distant cousins,
the Aryans. Greeks Mediterranean Mountainous geography
