Compact OutDoor BS21 BTS Maintenance Manual

ZXG10 BS21Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM

Maintenance Manual

Version 2.2

ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518057 Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830 Fax: (86) 755 26772236 URL: http://support.zte.com.cn E-mail: [email protected]

LEGAL INFORMATION Copyright © 2005 ZTE CORPORATION. The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties. Any reproduction or distribution of this document or any portion of this document, in any form by any means, without the prior written consent of ZTE CORPORATION is prohibited. Additionally, the contents of this document are protected by contractual confidentiality obligations. All company, brand and product names are trade or service marks, or registered trade or service marks, of ZTE CORPORATION or of their respective owners. This document is provided “as is”, and all express, implied, or statutory warranties, representations or conditions are disclaimed, including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non-infringement. ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on the information contained herein. ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering the subject matter of this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its licensee, the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein. The contents of this document and all policies of ZTE CORPORATION, including without limitation policies related to support or training are subject to change without notice.

Revision History

Date Revision No. Serial No. Description

05/17//2005 R1.0 sjzl20051442

05/19/2007 R1.1 sjzl20051442 Updated

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Document Name ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Maintenance Manual

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Contents

About this Maintenance Manual ...............................................................xi Purpose of this Maintenance Manual........................................................................ xi Typographical Conventions.....................................................................................xii Mouse Operation Conventions................................................................................xiii How to Get in Touch .............................................................................................xiii

Customer Support.................................................................................................................xiii Documentation Support.........................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1........................................................................................ 1

Maintenance Security.................................................................................1 Overview ...............................................................................................................2 Symbol Description.................................................................................................2 Toxic Substances....................................................................................................4

Beryllia ...................................................................................................................................4 Hydrochloride..........................................................................................................................4

Electrical Safety......................................................................................................5 Tools ......................................................................................................................................5 High Voltage ...........................................................................................................................5 Power Cord.............................................................................................................................5 Drilling....................................................................................................................................5 Thunder..................................................................................................................................6

Antistatic ...............................................................................................................6 Storage Battery......................................................................................................7

Short Circuit............................................................................................................................8 Hazardous Gases ....................................................................................................................8 High Temperature ...................................................................................................................8 Acid Liquid ..............................................................................................................................8 Storage Battery Replacement ..................................................................................................9

Electromagnetic Radiation .......................................................................................9 Working at Heights ...............................................................................................10

Hoisting Heavy Objects..........................................................................................................10 Using Ladders .......................................................................................................................10

Fans....................................................................................................................11

High Temperature ................................................................................................11 Board Plugging/Unplugging ...................................................................................11 Do-Nots...............................................................................................................12

Chapter 2......................................................................................13

Maintenance Overview............................................................................ 13 Categories of Daily Maintenance.............................................................................14 Common Maintenance Methods .............................................................................14 Precautions on Daily Maintenance ..........................................................................16

Chapter 3......................................................................................19

Routine Maintenance .............................................................................. 19 Daily Routine Maintenance ....................................................................................20

Viewing Current Alarms.........................................................................................................20 Viewing Alarms in Each Module..............................................................................................22 Viewing Current Notification Information ................................................................................25 Viewing Real-time Attributes of a Carrier ................................................................................29 Creating Daily Performance Report.........................................................................................30 Creating a Daily Traffic Report................................................................................................35

Weekly Routine Maintenance.................................................................................39 Viewing History Alarms..........................................................................................................39 Collecting Alarm Frequency Statistics .....................................................................................44 Analyzing Performance Report ...............................................................................................48

Monthly Routine Maintenance ................................................................................48 Creating Monthly Performance Report ....................................................................................48 Collecting Statistics of Bad Cells .............................................................................................53 Analyzing and Processing Reports ..........................................................................................57 Generating Monthly Operation Report.....................................................................................58

Biannual Routine Maintenance ...............................................................................58 Checking BS21 AC Power ......................................................................................................59 Checking Running Status of Heat Exchanger...........................................................................60 Checking Dust-Proof Status ...................................................................................................60 Checking Running Status of CMM Module ...............................................................................61 Checking Running Status of ETRM Module..............................................................................64 Checking Running Status of ECDU Module..............................................................................67 Measuring Amplifier Output Power .........................................................................................69 Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder ........................................................................................69 Calibrating Clock ...................................................................................................................71 Checking Fastness of Antennae and Towers............................................................................72 Checking Obliquity of Directional Antennae.............................................................................72 Checking whether Antenna Feeder Connectors and Lightning Protection Grounding Kit are Waterproof............................................................................................................................74

Checking E1 Interfaces..........................................................................................................75 Checking Antenna Feeder Interfaces ......................................................................................76 Checking Whether Lightning Protection Arrester is in Good Condition.......................................76 Checking whether Grounding Cable is Reliable........................................................................78 Grounding Resistance Test.....................................................................................................78 Checking Running Status of Transmission Equipment..............................................................79 Checking Running Status of UPS............................................................................................79

Chapter 4......................................................................................81

Notification and Handling ....................................................................... 81 Summary of Notification Information......................................................................82 No Traffic Notification in BS Cell .............................................................................82

Chapter 5......................................................................................85

Alarms and Handling............................................................................... 85 Summary of Alarms..............................................................................................86 CMM Alarms.........................................................................................................90

CMM Power Failure................................................................................................................90 LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection.......................................................................................91 CMM's FLASH Programming Failure........................................................................................92 HW Long Time Link Disconnection..........................................................................................92 Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms.........................................................................................93 Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)..................................................................................93 Software Accumulative Frame Number Inconsistent with Hardware Accumulative Frame Number............................................................................................................................................94 Alarms of Communication Link to Main Rack...........................................................................95 Alarm with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack.....................95 E1 Carrier Wave Receiving Alarm (A, D and E interfaces) ........................................................96 Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)..........................97 Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces) ........97 Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) .....98 Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) ............99 Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)........100

ETRM Alarm....................................................................................................... 101 Dry Contact Alarm...............................................................................................................101 LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm..........................................................................................102 Power Alarm for Tower Mounted Amplifier ............................................................................102 AEM SWR Minor Alarm ........................................................................................................103 AEM SWR Major Alarm ........................................................................................................103 AEM Power Alarm................................................................................................................104 AEM Type Alarm..................................................................................................................104 AEM Not-in-Position Alarm...................................................................................................105 TPU’s CHP DSP0 Initialization Failure ....................................................................................105

TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 Initialization Failure................................................................................106 RFAD6620 Initialization Failure.............................................................................................107 RFAD6620 Resource Unavailable..........................................................................................107 CIP Resource Unavailable ....................................................................................................108 TPU’s FLASH MEMORY Error.................................................................................................109 WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP0.............................................................................109 WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 ........................................................................110 WATCHDOG Overflow in FUC...............................................................................................111 Parameter Configuration Error in TPU’s Channel 0~7 ............................................................111 Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration.............................................................................112 Inconsistent FUC Software Versions .....................................................................................112 Inconsistent CHP Software Versions .....................................................................................113 Temporary No Response from FUC’s L3 Software..................................................................113 Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC....................................................................114 Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC .............................................................115 TPU’s CIP Initialization Failure ..............................................................................................116 CIP Parameter Configuration Error .......................................................................................116 WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CIP.......................................................................................117 Inconsistent CIP Software Versions ......................................................................................117 Alarm with Clock between TPU and CMM..............................................................................118 TPU Power Alarm ................................................................................................................119 TPU Frame Number Alarm...................................................................................................119 Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock ..................................................................120 Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock..............................................................121 52 M Reference Clock PLL Out of Lock ..................................................................................121 Transmitting IF Local Oscillator PLL Out of Lock.....................................................................122 PA Voltage SWR Alarm ........................................................................................................123 PA Overheat Minor Alarm.....................................................................................................123 PA Overheat Major Alarm ....................................................................................................124 PA Output Power Alarm.......................................................................................................124 PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Over-voltage Alarm.........................................................125 PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Under-voltage Alarm.......................................................125 DLRC_AL Downward Link Check Error..................................................................................126

Chapter 6....................................................................................127

Troubleshooting .................................................................................... 127

Summary of Common Problems .......................................................................... 128 List of Major Faults.............................................................................................. 129 Troubleshooting Procedure of Components Failures ............................................... 129 Troubleshooting at BS Commissioning Stage......................................................... 130

BS Works Normally but Mobile Phone Has no Signals or Cannot Access Network....................130 Handling of SWR Major Alarms.............................................................................................132

Poor Conversation Quality at BS...........................................................................................134 Troubleshooting in BS Maintenance Stage............................................................. 137

Shrinkage of BS Coverage ...................................................................................................137 Cell Carrier not Occupied .....................................................................................................140 LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier............................................................................................142 BS in Normal Status but BS Handover Is Abnormal...............................................................147 Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults ..................................................................................149 MS Signal is not Stable in Idle State .....................................................................................151 Unstable MS Signal in Conversation......................................................................................153 TCH Assigned with Low Success Ratio and Calls Are Difficult to Get through...........................154 MS Echo during Conversation...............................................................................................156

Troubleshooting in BS Cutover and Expansion Stages............................................ 158 Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls..........................................................................................158 SDCCH Occupied too Long...................................................................................................160 Call Drop Rate in Cell Rises Suddenly ...................................................................................163

Chapter 7....................................................................................167

Collection of Maintenance Experience.................................................. 167 Reference for Wireless Parameters Adjustment during Commissioning .................... 168

Adjusting List of Adjacent Cells and List of Carrier-Sense Frequencies ....................................168 Adjusting Wireless Parameters.............................................................................................170 Others ................................................................................................................................171

Analysis of Bird928 Mobile Phone’s Failure to Access Network................................. 172 Configuration Method for Intra-Cell Handover ....................................................... 174

Appendix A .................................................................................175

Replacement of Modules and Parts ...................................................... 175 Overview ........................................................................................................... 175 CMM Replacement.............................................................................................. 176 ETRM Replacement............................................................................................. 177 AEM Replacement............................................................................................... 178 PSM Replacement............................................................................................... 179 Power Lightning Protection Module Replacement ................................................... 180 Backplane Replacement ...................................................................................... 181 Heat Exchanger Replacement .............................................................................. 182 Trunk Cable Replacement.................................................................................... 183 RF Cable Replacement ........................................................................................ 184 Antenna Feeder Lightning Arrester replacement .................................................... 185 Cabinet-Bottom 1/2 Soft Jumper Replacement...................................................... 187 Tower Top 1/2” Soft Jumper Replacement ............................................................ 188 Feeder Connectors Replacement.......................................................................... 190

Tower Amplifier Replacement .............................................................................. 191 Antenna Replacement......................................................................................... 192

Appendix B .................................................................................195

Common Maintenance Tables............................................................... 195 Daily Maintenance Record Table........................................................................... 195 Weekly Maintenance Record Table ....................................................................... 196 Monthly Maintenance Record Table ...................................................................... 197 Biannual Maintenance Record Table ..................................................................... 198 Emergency Failure Record Table .......................................................................... 199

Appendix C .................................................................................201

Use of Common Instruments and Meters ............................................ 201 SAGEM (OT35) Test Mobile Phone........................................................................ 201

Basic Functions ...................................................................................................................201 Operation Description..........................................................................................................202

Engineering Test Mode of ZTE289 Mobile Phone.................................................... 211 Key Description...................................................................................................................211 How to Enter Engineering Mode ...........................................................................................211 How to Close Engineering Mode ...........................................................................................211 Instructions of Engineering Mode Menu ................................................................................211

BIRD Power Meter .............................................................................................. 214 BIRD Power Meter Components ...........................................................................................214 Usage.................................................................................................................................215

HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer ............................................................................... 217 Components .......................................................................................................................218 Usage.................................................................................................................................218

Antenna Feeder Tester (SITE MASTER S332B)...................................................... 222 Procedure for Testing SWR ..................................................................................................222 Test Procedure of DTF .........................................................................................................223

Appendix D.................................................................................225

Operation Maintenance Quality Indexes of Certain Telecom Network (Wireless Part) ...................................................................................... 225

Abbreviations .............................................................................227

Figures........................................................................................233

Tables .........................................................................................235

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi

About this Maintenance Manual

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Base Station Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual describes maintenance safety, routine maintenance items and methods, handling of alarm and notification information, handling of common faults and maintenance experience of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2). The manual serves as a reference manual in the maintenance and fault handling of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) equipment.

The complete set of manuals is listed below:

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Guide to Documentation

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Technical Manual

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Hardware Manual

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Installation Manual

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Maintenance Manual

Purpose of this Maintenance Manual Chapter 1, Maintenance Security, presents the meanings of the signs used in this manual. It also covers some safety precautions related to the installation procedure, such as precautions against high voltage, thunderstorms and overhead operations.

Chapter 2, Maintenance Overview, introduces daily maintenance categories, common maintenance methods and some precautions on maintenance of ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controllers.

Chapter 3, Routine Maintenance, explains routine maintenance items of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controller equipment and details instrument requirements, check methods and fault handling of individual maintenance items; among them, the version of the OMCR interface diagram is the software OMCRV2.52.02a for the time being.


xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 4, Notification and Handling, provides notification messages related to the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controller in the ZXG10-BSS base station subsystem so that the system maintenance personnel can have a clear understanding of notification messages in the system, including meanings causes and handling of notification messages.

Chapter 5, Alarms and Handling, covers the alarm information in the ZXG10-BSS Base Station Subsystem related to ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2), in order for system maintenance personnel to have a clear idea about the alarm messages given by the system, including their meaning, cause and way of handling.

Chapter 6, Troubleshooting, gives an introduction to the universal methods for the common faults of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2), including fault symptoms, source, analysis, location and troubleshooting.

Chapter 7, Collection of Maintenance Experience, provides some experience derived from project maintenance for your reference.

Appendix A, Replacement of Modules and Parts, describes the procedure for and precautions on the replacement of modules and backplanes.

Appendix B, Common Maintenance Tables, lists forms used in routine maintenance.

Appendix C, Use of common Instruments and Meters, introduces the instructions on common instruments and meters used for maintaining the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) transceiver station.

Appendix D, Operation Maintenance Quality Indexes of Certain Telecom Network (Wireless Part), describes the telecommunication network operation maintenance quality indexes (wireless part) as required by a certain carrier for your reference.

Typographical Conventions ZTE documents employ the following typographical conventions.

T AB L E 1 TY P O G R AP H I C AL C O N V E N T I O N S

Typeface Meaning

Italics References to other guides and documents; parameter values

“Quotes” Links on screens

Bold Menus, menu options, input fields, radio button names, check boxes, drop-down lists, dialog box names, window names

Bold, with first

letter capitalized

Keys on the keyboard and buttons on screens and company name

Constant width Text that you type, program code, files and directory names, and function names

About this Maintenance Manual

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xiii

Typeface Meaning

[ ] Optional parameters

{ } Mandatory parameters

| Select one of the parameters that are delimited by it

Note: Provides additional information about a certain topic

Checkpoint: Indicates that a particular step needs to be checked before proceeding further

Tip: Indicates a suggestion or hint to make things easier or more productive for the reader

Mouse Operation Conventions T AB L E 2 M O U S E OP E R AT I O N C O N V E N T I O N S

Typeface Meaning

Click Refers to clicking the primary mouse button (usually the left mouse button) once.

Double-click Refers to quickly clicking the primary mouse button (usually the left mouse button) twice.

Right-click Refers to clicking the secondary mouse button (usually the right mouse button) once.

Drag Refers to pressing and holding a mouse button and moving the mouse.

How to Get in Touch The following sections provide information on how to obtain support for the documentation and the software.

Customer Support If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions regarding your product, contact us by e-mail at [email protected]. You can also call our customer support center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 800-9830-9830.

Documentation Support ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this document. For further questions, comments, or


xiv Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

suggestions on the documentation, you can contact us by e-mail at [email protected]; or you can fax your comments and suggestions to (86) 755 26772236. You can also explore our website at http://support.zte.com.cn, which contains various interesting subjects like documentation, knowledge base, forum and service request.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

C h a p t e r 1

Maintenance Security

In this chapter, you will learn about: Safety regulations to be observed

Instructions on the safety symbols


2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Overview To avoid any accident, please carefully read safety instructions in this chapter before conducting any maintenance operation on the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) device. If there are local safety specifications to be followed, the safety instructions here shall only serve as a supplement to the local safety specifications. If there is any conflict between them, the local safety specifications shall prevail.

Maintenance personnel of the ZTE BS21 (V2.2) device should have the basic safe operation knowledge, pass the relevant technical training, correctly grasp the device operation and maintenance methods as well as obtain the corresponding qualification.

During operation and maintenance on the ZTE BS21 (V2.2) device, please strictly observe the equipment precautions and special safety instructions provided by ZTE Corporation.

In addition, the safety instructions listed in this manual are only those calling for special attentions of users provided by ZTE. ZTE Corporation shall not be liable for any behavior against the general safe operation requirements or against the safety standards for the design, production and use of the equipment.

Symbol Description Safety symbols quoted in this manual are shown in Table 3, prompting users to follow safety instructions during equipment maintenance.

T AB L E 3 S AF E T Y S I G N S

Safety Signs Meaning

Danger: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word should be limited to only extreme situations.

Warning: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Caution: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.

Note: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in injuries, equipment damage or interruption of services.

Erosion: Beware of erosion.

Chapter 1 - Maintenance Security


Safety Signs Meaning

Electric shock: There is a risk of electric shock.

Electrostatic: The device may be sensitive to static electricity.

Microwave: Beware of strong electromagnetic field.

Laser: Beware of strong laser beam.

No flammables: No flammables can be stored.

No touching: Do not touch.

No smoking: Smoking is forbidden.

Among them, universal alarm symbol adopts four grades. Based on the descending order of the danger degree, they are: danger, warning, caution and notes. Their respective formats and meanings are described as below.

Danger: This sign means that personal death or major accidents such as equipment damage or breakdown may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

Warning: This sign means that there may be a major or serious accident, equipment damage or interruption of key services if you ignore this safety warning.

Caution: This sign means that serious injury or death, equipment damage or interruption of some services may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

Notes: This sign means that an injury, equipment damage or interruption of local services may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

To the right of a safety sign is a text indicating its safety level. Under the sign is the detailed safety description.



Toxic Substances Beryllia Warning: Beryllia is a type of toxic chemical existing in the transistor and other components. The power amplifier circuit and AEM circuit in the base station contain Beryllia, so it is advised not to touch these components directly under any circumstances.

Beryllium oxide dusts may be produced when a component containing beryllium oxide is broken, frictionized or bruised. They may seriously hurt human skin and membrane even life safety.

Beryllium oxide may hurt human bodies only when components containing beryllium oxide are damaged. Therefore, be sure to take care when replacing or handling such components and boards and avoid any mechanical damage.

Do not discard components containing beryllium oxide randomly. Please observe local regulations to make chemical treatment or special waste material treatment for components containing beryllium oxide.

If you suspect that beryllium oxide has entered your skin or been absorbed in your body, please thoroughly rinse the skin wound with water and then see the doctor immediately.

The personnel contacting or handing such components should understand the characteristics of such components and take the corresponding preventive measures.

Hydrochloride Warning: Chemicals containing hydrochloride have to be used in some components of the BS21 (V2.2) device. Burning these components will generate toxic gas.

Do not burn the components and take preventive measures to avoid inhaling toxic gas.

Do not discard components containing hydrochloride randomly. Please observe local regulations to make chemical treatment or special waste material treatment for components containing hydrochloride.



Electrical Safety Tools Warning: Be sure to use special tools rather than common tools for high-voltage and AC operations.

High Voltage Danger: High voltage is hazardous. Direct or indirect contact with high voltage or mains supply through a wet object could result in fatal danger.

Do follow the local safety regulations to install any AC power equipment.

Personnel who that installs AC devices must be qualified for high-voltage and AC operations.

During operation, it is strictly forbidden to wear any conductive articles such as watch, chain and ring.

Please prevent water from entering the equipment during operation and maintenance in damp environments.

Power Cord Notes: Do not install or remove power cables with power on. Contact of the power cable with any conductor will generate electric spark or electric arc, which may cause fire or eye injury.

Do turn off the power supply before connecting or disconnecting a power cable.

Before connection, make sure the connecting cable and its label suit the actual installation requirements.

Drilling Warning: It is not allowed to drill the cabinet without permission.

Unqualified drilling could damage the wiring and cables inside the cabinet. Additionally, metal pieces inside the cabinet created by the drilling could result in a shorted circuit board.

When it is necessary to drill holes in the cabinet in some special cases, please wear insulated protective gloves and move away the cables in the



cabinet before drilling. Take care to protect your eyes during drilling. Flying metal scraps may harm your eyes. In addition, please promptly clean and clear metal scraps after drilling.

Thunder Danger: Operations concerned with high-voltage, AC, iron tower or mast are strictly forbidden in thunderstorms.

Thunderstorms would give rise to a strong electromagnetic field in the atmosphere. So, the equipment should be earthed and protected in time against lightning strike.

Antistatic Notes: The static electricity produced by the human body could damage the static-sensitive components on the circuit board, such as large-scale integrated circuits (IC).

Friction caused by human body’s activities is a source of accumulation of static charge. When it is dry, the static voltage a human body carries may be as high as 30kV, and may stay a long while. An operator with static may cause damage to a device when in touch with it due to the discharge from the device.

To avoid any damage to sensitive devices by human body static, an operator should wear an antistatic wrist strap before touching devices, plug-in boards, circuit boards and IC chips, and well ground the other end of the antistatic wrist strap.

The cable between the wrist and the ground must be connected in series with a more than 1M ohm resistance to protect operators from electric shock. The static discharge from a 1M ohm-plus resistance is sufficiently low.

Check the antistatic wrist strap regularly. Do not replace the cable of the wrist strap with any other cable.

Static-sensitive board should not be in touch with any objects carrying static electricity or easy to generate static electricity. For example, friction of the package, conveyor box and conveyor belt made of insulation materials will make the components statically electrified. These components will discharge static electricity when touching human body or the ground, thus being damaged.

Static-sensitive boards can only touch high quality discharging materials such as static-protective packages. Use static-protective packages on boards during storage and transportation.



Discharge the static electricity before connecting a measurement device with a board. The measurement device should first be grounded.

Keep boards at least 10cm away from strong DC magnetic fields such as the cathode-ray tube of a monitor.

Figure 1 shows how to properly put on antistatic wrist straps.

F I G U R E 1 C O R R E C T L Y P U T T I N G O N AN T I S T AT I C W R I S T ST R AP

Storage Battery If the BS21 is equipped with UPS, please pay due attention to the correct use and maintenance of storage batteries.

Danger: Before battery-related operations, make sure you have carefully read the safety precautions on carrying the battery and learned the correct battery connection method.

Nonstandard operations on the battery will result in great danger. During operation, short circuit or electrolyte spill/ drain of the batteries must be prevented, As electrolyte spill will pose potential threat to the equipment and erode the metal objects and circuit boards, thus damaging the equipment and causing short circuits to the circuit board.

To ensure safety, please pay attentions to the following points before battery installation and maintenance:



1. Handle the battery with care. Do not vibrate it violently.

2. Do not wear any object that contains metal, such as watch, chain, bangle or ring.

3. Use special-purpose insulation tools.

4. Use eye-protecting devices and take preventive measures.

5. Use rubber gloves and aprons that protect against electrolyte overflow.

6. Always keep the front of the pole up during battery transportation. Do not put it upside down or tilted.

Short Circuit Danger: Battery short circuit may harm human bodies. Although battery voltage is generally low, the transient current caused by short circuits will release high energy.

Prevent metal objects from causing short circuit to the battery, such as short circuits caused by improper use of operation tools. If allowed, please first stop battery power supply before making other operations.

Hazardous Gases Danger: Do not use unsealed LA batteries. Gases released by batteries may burn or corrode the equipment. Batteries should be fixed and horizontally placed.

Batteries may release inflammable gases during working. Keep sound ventilation and take fireproof measures where the batteries are placed. To prevent high temperature caused by exposure to sunlight, windows of the battery room should be installed with sun shields.

High Temperature Danger: High temperature may distort and damage the battery or cause overflow of acid liquid.

If the battery temperature is higher than 60oC, check whether there is any acid liquid overflow.

If the acid liquid overflows, handle it promptly and properly.

Acid Liquid Danger: If the acid liquid overflows, promptly and properly absorb and neutralize the liquid.



When moving a leaking battery, pay attention to potential harms that may be caused by the acid liquid. Once acid liquid overflow is detected, the following materials may be used to absorb and neutralize the liquid: NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and Na2CO3-10H2O.

Use manufacturer-recommended materials to absorb and neutralize the acid liquid.

Storage Battery Replacement After the storage battery group has run for a long time, its internal resistance of one or more monomers will increase due to drifting of its internal parameters. If serious, the monomer becomes an old battery. The common preventative method and solution to this problem is to recharge the batter group with high voltage so as to activate its interior. In some cases, one monomer still cannot be activated after times of recharges, so it cannot be used any longer and need be replaced.

Since the battery production conditions of different types, batches and by different manufacturers are different, the internal parameters must be different too. Therefore, it is required that the monomers of the battery group should be of the same type, batch and from the same manufacturer when it is replaced. In this way it is ensured that the parameters are consistent and the battery group can be used for a long time.

Danger: Operation and maintenance personnel should not replace the specified batteries with ones of different types. Otherwise, explosions may occur.

Electromagnetic Radiation Since the antenna of operating equipment generates electromagnetic radiation, if you are too close to the antenna, your safety may be endangered. The equipment can be installed and maintained only by professionals with adequate training and relevant qualifications. The radiation design of the equipment complies with the IEEE C95.1-1991 standard.

Warning: The high intensity microwave may affect your body health when you operate on the high-intensity RF equipment.

When close installation and maintenance operations are conducted to a certain antenna in an iron tower or mast mounted with many transmitter antennas, collaboration must be prepared so that the transmitter of the antenna is shut down.

Warning: When conducting installation and servicing operations around the operating antenna, keep adequate distance from the antenna.



Do not unplug the connector of the transmitter output feeder or of the antenna feeder cable when the transmitter is operating.

Power off the corresponding transmitter when you need to unplug the connector of the feeder cable or to work beside the transmitter antenna.

Working at Heights Warning: When working at heights, take care to prevent objects from falling.

Working at heights should conform to the related national service regulation requirements:

Operators working at heights must have been specially trained.

Take care of the operation machinery and tools to prevent them from falling.

Take safety precautions, and wear helmet and safety belt.

In cold areas, wear cold-protection clothes before working at heights.

Before working at heights, check all hoisting equipment.

Hoisting Heavy Objects Warning: Do not walk about right under the boom and hoisted objected when heavy objects are hoisted.

When disassembling heavy equipment, or moving and replacing equipment, make sure there are facilities of proper hoisting capability.

Personnel engaged in the hoisting work must have received relevant trainings. The tools used for hoisting must have been inspected to ensure they are tightly fixed on the weight-bearing object or the wall. Use brief hoisting commands to prevent misoperations.

Using Ladders Before using ladders, make sure they are in good condition and can be used through inspection. Over-weight is forbidden during the use of ladders.

When a ladder tilts more than 5 meters, or a straight two-foot ladder tilts over 3 meters or when operations are conducted in a dangerous environment, it is required to have the ladder supported or take other security measures. A-shape ladders should be fully unfolded when used.



The proper tilt angle for ladders is 75°; the broader foot should always be put downside or protective measures be taken at the bottom of the ladder to prevent sliding. Ladders should be put at steady places instead of on carton boxes, stones or other slippery objects.

Ladder-climbers should face the ladder; when working on tilted ladders, they should keep their body barycenter within the edges of the ladder. It is advisable to hold the ladder tightly with one hand and two feet stepping fast, that is to say, with 3 parts of the body in contact with the ladder to ensure security and reduce risks. It is suggested that the last 4 rails should be left un-mounted as the limit of the climbing height. If work need be carried out on the roof, the ladder should be at least 1 meter higher than the eaves against which the ladder leans.

Fans Warning:

Keep your fingers or body off any dangerous parts of the fan that is still running.

Make sure not to stick your fingers or any tool into the running fan in case any damage or injury done to the device or the human body.

While replacing the related parts, be sure to put away the parts, screws and tools. Make sure they will not fall into the working fan and damage the fan or related devices.

When replacing the devices around the fan, do not put your finger or a board in the fan, to avoid damage to the equipment or your finger.

High Temperature Warning: The surface temperature of some devices is quite high, so do not touch them in case of being scalded.

Board Plugging/Unplugging Notes:

Never plug a board too hard, so as not to deform the pins on the backplane.

Plug a board along the slot to avoid short circuit due to touch with the circuit of the adjacent board.



When holding a board, keep your hands off the board circuit, components, connectors and cable trough.

Do-Nots Notes: Do not perform maintenance or debugging inside the equipment, unless a qualified person is present for your help.

Replacing any parts or altering the equipment might result in unexpected danger. Therefore, be sure not to replace any parts or alter the equipment unless otherwise authorized.

To ensure your safety, if you have any question, please contact ZTE Corporation.


C h a p t e r 2

Maintenance Overview

In this chapter, you will learn about: Categories of daily maintenance

Common maintenance methods

Precautions on daily maintenance



Categories of Daily Maintenance Daily maintenance of the BS21 (V2.2) device can be divided into routine maintenance, handling of notification information and alarm information as well as troubleshooting.

1. Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance refers to daily and periodic maintenance to check the running conditions of the equipment periodically and handle faults in time. The routine maintenance is intended to find hidden troubles, prevent accidents, locate faults in time and handle faults as early as possible.

2. Notification information handling

Notification information handling refers to a process ranging from the analysis of various notification messages arising from the running of the system, judgment on whether there is anything abnormal to appropriate handling.

3. Alarm information handling

Alarm information handling refers to the process ranging from the analysis of various alarm messages that occur during the running of the system, judgment on whether there is anything abnormal to appropriate handling.

4. Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is a process of analyzing, handling and resolving any fault that is discovered.

Common Maintenance Methods Some methods need to be adopted to locate faults during daily maintenance. The common maintenance methods are as follows:

1. Alarm and operation log view

Alarm and operation log view is the first method to be adopted when a fault is detected by maintenance personnel. It is implemented through the alarm management and operation log view interface of the BSS operation & maintenance subsystem OMCR.

Through the alarm management interface, we can observe and analyze alarm messages reported from each NE such as the current alarm, history alarm and general notification. In this way, we can detect any fault during network running in time and then locate, isolate and remove it.

By viewing operation logs in user management, we can investigate modifications on system parameters, locate the relevant responsible terminal and operator as well as detect faults caused by individual operations in time.

Chapter 2 - Maintenance Overview


2. Indicator status analysis

Indicator status analysis is a frequently adopted method when a fault is detected by maintenance personnel. With this method, we can locate and remove faults by observing the indicator status on each board panel in the rack.

This method requires maintenance personnel to be familiar with the indicator status and meaning of each board.

3. Performance analysis

It is implemented through the performance management interface of the BSS operation & maintenance subsystem OMCR. Through this interface, maintenance personnel can implement performance management and signaling tracing on the BSS system.

Through the performance management interface, users can create all kinds of performance measurement tasks, product various performance reports and grasp the performance indexes of the BSS system, such as the traffic of each cell, congestion situation of SDCCH and TCH, successful and failed switchover. By analyzing such information, maintenance personnel can discover load allocation situation in the network in time so as to adjust network parameters to enhance network performances.

Through the signaling tracing interface, we can trace signaling involved in BSS (including Gb interface signaling), thus facilitating consulting of different signaling flows in the debugging and maintenance processes as well as detecting problems in the signaling cooperation process.

4. Analyzing with instruments and meters

This method allows maintenance personnel to locate, analyze and remove faults with the testing mobile, frequency spectrograph, signaling analyzer, power meter and site master during base station maintenance.

5. Plugging and pressing

When detecting a board fault, we can loosen the fixation screw in the front panel and plug or unplug the board and external interface connector. In this way, we can remove faults caused by poor contact or processor faults.

In addition, we can also remove faults caused by poor contact by pressing the cable connector after power-off.

6. Comparing and swapping

Comparing indicates to compare a possible faulty board with a board at the similar position in the system (for example: a board at the same slot in a multi-module system) from aspects such as the running status, jumper and connection cables. We can judge whether the board fails through comparison.

Swapping indicates to replace a possible faulty board with a standby part or another board of the same type running normally in the system. We can judge whether the board actually fails according to whether the fault disappears after board replacement. It should be noted that no matter the comparison or replacement method is adopted, the board



unplugging/plugging operation should be performed in accordance with

the relevant description in Appendix A of this manual.

7. Isolating

When a part of the system fails, it can be isolated from other relevant boards or racks to judge whether the fault is caused by mutual influence. For example, the often-used isolating method is to remove CMM module or transmission faults by self-looping the E1 interface of the CMM module.

8. Self-test method

It refers to fault judgment through self-test after the system or module is powered on again. Generally, by powering on common modules for self-test, we can find the indicators on the panel will flash regularly, from which we can judge whether there are any problems in the modules.

Generally, during actual operation, the above methods and accumulated experiences of maintenance personnel are combined to remove faults in the maintenance process.

Precautions on Daily Maintenance Please pay attention to the following points during daily maintenance:

1. Normal temperature, humidity and a clean and tidy environment should be kept for the equipment room, and the equipment room should be dampproof and free of dust, rodents and insects.

2. The primary power of the system should be stable and reliable. Periodic check should be performed on the system ground and lightning-protection ground. Especially before thunderstorm seasons and after thunderstorms, the lightning-protection system should be checked to guarantee that the facilities are in sound conditions.

3. A perfect equipment room maintenance system should be formulated to standardize daily work of the maintenance personnel. Detailed logs should be prepared to record the daily running, version, data change, upgrade and troubleshooting of the system for the convenience of fault analysis and handling. In addition, shift records should be made to differentiate individual responsibilities.

4. It is prohibited to play online games or surf on the Internet at the PC terminal or install, operate or copy any software irrelevant to the system in the PC terminal. It is forbidden to use PC terminals for other purposes.

5. Right-based NMS (Network Management System) passwords should be set, managed strictly and modified periodically. Such passwords are available to the maintenance personnel only.

Chapter 2 - Maintenance Overview


6. The maintenance personnel should be trained to have certain knowledge about the equipment and the related network. Maintenance should be performed in accordance with specifications stipulated in related manuals of the BS21 (V2.2) device. Antistatic wrist straps should be worn before touching equipment hardware to avoid any accident due to artificial factors. The maintenance personnel should be strict and careful at their work, have high maintenance proficiency and improve their maintenance skills through continuous study.

7. It is forbidden to plug, reset, upload or modify data randomly, let alone modify the data in the NM database. It is necessary to back up the data before modification. After data modification, it is necessary to confirm the equipment concerned runs normally within a certain time (normally one week) before the backup data can be deleted. Relevant records should be made for data modification.

8. Frequently-used tools and instruments should be prepared in the equipment room, such as screw drivers (straight and cross), signaling tester, network cable pincers, multimeter, AC power for maintenance purposes, telephone lines, network cables, antistatic wrist straps, insulation tapes and common tool kits. Periodical detection of the instruments and meters should be performed to ensure their accuracy.

9. Frequent checks should be performed on spare parts and components to ensure their inventory and perfect conditions (free from damp and mould, for instance). Spare parts and components should be placed separately from those bad ones replaced during maintenance, and labels should be available for distinction. Common spare parts and components should be replenished in time when used up.

10. Software and documents that may be used during maintenance should be put in a designated place nearby for the convenience of timely use.

11. Lighting in the equipment room should meet the requirements for maintenance. Any damaged lamps should be repaired in time. There should be no blind lighting angle to avoid any inconvenience in maintenance.

12. Handle any detected fault as soon as possible. In case of a fault that cannot be handled, please contact the local ZTE office in time.

The contact means of the local ZTE office should be placed in a striking place and be notified to all maintenance personnel for the convenience of timely contact in need of support. Remember to update it for the latest contact information.





C h a p t e r 3

Routine Maintenance

In this chapter, you will learn about: Daily routine maintenance

Weekly routine maintenance

Monthly routine maintenance

Biannual routine maintenance



Daily Routine Maintenance Table 4 is a checklist for daily routine maintenance of the BTS (V2.2).

T AB L E 4 D AI L Y R O U T I N E MAI N T E N AN C E C H E C K L I S T

Category Check Items Remarks

Viewing the current alarms Refer to section “Viewing Current Alarms”

Viewing alarms in each module

Refer to section “Viewing Alarms in Each Module”

Viewing the current notification information

Refer to section “Viewing Current Notification Information”

Viewing the Real-time attributes of a carrier

Refer to section “Viewing Real-time Attributes of a Carrier”

Creating a daily performance report

Refer to section “Creating Daily Performance Report”

Checking the running state of the active equipment

Creating a daily traffic report Refer to section “Creating a Daily Traffic Report”

Viewing Current Alarms [Instruments and meters]

View the current alarms through the alarm management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]

1. Double click to start the OMCR client-end application program.

2. Enter correct user name and password at the prompt, and click <OK> to enter the OMCR main interface, as shown in Figure 2.

Chapter 3 - Routine Maintenance


F I G U R E 2 OMCR M AI N I N T E R F AC E

3. Select [Fault Management-->Alarm Management] in the OMCR main interface and enter the main interface of alarm management, as shown in Figure 3.

F I G U R E 3 AL A R M M AN AG E M E N T M AI N I N T E R F AC E

Notes: This interface is the logic view of alarm management. On the left part of the interface is a navigation tree which shows the current configuration information. A list of alarms not recovered yet is on the upper right of the interface, and a notification list on the lower right part.



4. In the logic view interface of alarm management, click a site, a cell, a carrier or a channel to be viewed in the left navigation tree, and then the current alarms for the selected object will be shown in the list on the right. See Figure 4.

F I G U R E 4 D I S P L AY O F C U R R E N T AL AR M S O N A S I T E

[Normal result]

No alarms on the site are displayed in the logic view interface of alarm management.

[Troubleshooting]

Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 5 Alarm Information and Troubleshooting.

[Precautions]

For more information about alarm viewing, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) Subsystem Operation Manual.

Viewing Alarms in Each Module [Instruments and meters]

View alarms of various boards through alarm management at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]

1. Double click to start the application program at the OMCR client end.



2. Enter the user name and password according to the screen prompt to enter the OMCR main interface.

3. Select [Fault Management --> Alarm Management] in the OMCR main interface and enter the main interface of alarm management.

4. Select [View-->Physical View] in the alarm management interface, as shown in Figure 5.

F I G U R E 5 S E L E C T I O N I N T E R F AC E F O R AL AR M M AN AG E M E N T – P H Y S I C AL V I E W

5. Click [Physical View] to enter the interface of the physical rack, as shown in Figure 6.

F I G U R E 6 AL A R M M AN AG E M E N T – PH Y S I C AL V I E W I N T E R F AC E



6. Click a BTS rack to be viewed in the left navigation tree to enter the interface displaying the physical rack, as shown in Figure 7.

F I G U R E 7 P H Y S I C AL R AC K D I S P L AY I N T E R F AC E

This interface shows whether there are alarms in each module. The color of the round status indicator on the board indicates whether a module is faulty or normal.

Note: Color indications are illustrated in the diagram on right side of the rack view.

If alarms occur in a module, the alarm indicator is on in the color indicative of the highest alarm class.

The indictor keeps flashing when unconfirmed alarms exist in a module. It does not stop until all alarms are confirmed.

7. Click module containing alarms, and an alarm query box pops up, as shown in Figure 8. It provides detailed alarm information of the module.

F I G U R E 8 V I E W I N G C U R R E N T AL AR M S O F A B O AR D



[Normal result]

Indicators on all the boards are in green on the alarm management rack view, showing that all boards are working normally and no alarm occurs.

[Troubleshooting]

Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 5 Alarm Information and Troubleshooting.

[Precautions]

For more information of viewing alarms, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Viewing Current Notification Information [Instruments and meters]

View the current notification information of a cell through alarm management at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]


2. Enter the username and password according to the screen prompt and then enter the OMCR main interface.

3. Select [Fault Manage --> Alarm Management] in the OMCR main interface and enter the main interface of alarm management.

4. Select the menu [File --> Alarm History Query] in the alarm management interface, as shown in Figure 9.

F I G U R E 9 AL A R M M AN AG E M E N T – AL AR M H I S T O R Y QU E R Y I N T E R F AC E



5. Click [Alarm History Query] to enter the alarm query wizard as shown in Figure 10.

F I G U R E 10 AL AR M QU E R Y W I Z AR D D I AL O G B O X

6. Select <Information> in [Alarm Type], and specify the Start Time and End Time in [Interval] (the start time and the end time should be on the same day). Please see Figure 11.

F I G U R E 11 AL AR M QU E R Y W I Z AR D I N T E R F AC E



7. Click <Next> to enter the Alarm Query Wizard dialog box, as shown in Figure 12.

F I G U R E 12 AL AR M QU E R Y W I Z AR D 1

8. Select the NM domain where the base station is located and select the base station controller in [Select information source], as shown in Figure 13.




9. Click <Next> to enter the Alarm Query Wizard dialog box 3, as shown in Figure 14.


10. Click such cell notification information content as “No call in this cell” in [Select information code], and click “>” to specify the selected information, as shown in Figure 15.


11. Click <Finish> to display the notification information in the cell.



[Normal result]

Query result display interface shows no notification information of the cell.

[Troubleshooting]

Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting.

[Precautions]

For details of notification viewing, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) Base Station Sub-system Operation Manual.

Viewing Real-time Attributes of a Carrier [Instruments and meters]

View the real-time attributes of a carrier in the dynamic data management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]


2. Enter the user name and password based on the screen prompt to enter the OMCR main interface.

3. Select [Configuration Management Dynamic Data Management] in the OMCR main interface, to enter the Dynamic Data Management window, as shown in Figure 16.

F I G U R E 16 D Y N AM I C D AT A M AN AG E M E N T M AI N I N T E R F A C E



4. Click a site, a cell, a carrier or a channel to be shown in the left navigation tree, and the current status of the selected object will be shown on the right list. See Figure 17.

F I G U R E 17 D Y N AM I C D AT A S T AT U S D I S P L AY

[Normal result]

Status of the selected object is displayed in the interface.

[Handling]

Check whether the dynamic data of a carrier is abnormal. If not, perform troubleshooting with reference to the handling methods of carrier faults in Chapter 7.

[Precautions]

For more information about dynamic data status display, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Creating Daily Performance Report [Instruments and meters]

Create a daily performance report in the performance management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]





3. Select [Performance Management Performance Analyzer] in the OMCR main interface to enter the Performance Analyzer interface, as shown in Figure 18.

F I G U R E 18 P E R F O R M AN C E AN AL Y Z E R M AI N I N T E R F AC E

4. Click the menu [Report Create Performance Report] or the corresponding button, to enter the Performance Report Wizard dialog box as shown in Figure 19.

F I G U R E 19 P E R F O R M AN C E R E P O R T W I Z AR D



5. First, select a NM domain in the pull-down menu and then in [Please select domain and type of report], specify “System performance report” in [Selected Type] field. Click “>” to add the selected type to [All Types], as shown in Figure 20.

F I G U R E 20 S E L E C T NM D O M AI N AN D R E P O R T TY P E

6. Click <Next> to enter the Performance Report Wizard 1, as shown in Figure 21.

F I G U R E 21 P E R F O R M AN C E R E P O R T W I Z AR D 1



7. Select <Cell> in the pull-down menu of [Please select the level of analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in [All Objects], and click “>” to add the object to [Selected Objects], as shown in Figure 22.

F I G U R E 22 P L E AS E S E L E C T AN AL Y Z E D OB J E C T S





9. Click <Daily Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and click <Select Day> to enter the “Please select the time” dialog box, as shown in Figure 24.

F I G U R E 24 P L E AS E S E L E C T T I M E

10. Select the time when the report is generated, and click <Ok>.

11. Select the start time and stop time in [Busy time], which can only be set to have one hour interval, then click <Finish>, and you can get the performance report of a certain period of a certain day, as shown in Figure 25.

F I G U R E 25 D AI L Y P E R F O R M AN C E R E P O R T D I S P L AY R E S U L T

[Normal result]

Refer to Appendix D for telecom network operation maintenance quality indexes made by individual carriers (wireless part).



[Handling]

Analyze whether the base station works normally based on the statistics in the daily performance report. If it works abnormally, perform troubleshooting with reference to the contents about signaling channel congestion, voice channel congestion and handover fault in Chapter 6.

[Precautions]

For details of the daily performance report, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) BS Sub-system Operation Manual.

Creating a Daily Traffic Report [Instruments and meters]

Create a daily traffic report in the performance management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]



3. In the OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management-->Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.





5. First, select a domain in the pull-down menu of [Please select domain and type of report]. Then specify “Daily traffic report” in the [Selected Type] field. Click “>” to add the selected type to [All Types], as shown in Figure 27.






7. Select <Cell> in the pull-down menu of [Please select the level of analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in [All Objects], and click “>” to add the object to [Selected Objects], as shown in Figure 29.






9. Click <Finish> to generate a daily traffic report, as shown in Figure 31.

F I G U R E 31 D AI L Y TR AF F I C R E P O R T D I S P L AY R E S U L T

[Normal result]


[Troubleshooting]

Perform troubleshooting with reference to traffic-related contents in Chapter 6

[Precautions]

For more information about the traffic report, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.



Weekly Routine Maintenance Table 5 is a checklist for weekly routine maintenance items of the BS21 (V2.2).

T AB L E 5 W E E K L Y R O U T I N E M AI N T E N AN C E C H E C K L I S T

Category Test Item Remarks

Viewing history alarms Refer to section “Viewing History Alarms”

Collecting alarm frequency statistics

Refer to section “Collecting Alarm Frequency Statistics”


Analyzing a performance report

Refer to section “Analyzing Performance Report”

Viewing History Alarms [Instruments and meters]

View the history alarms in the alarm management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]




4. Select the menu [File --> Alarm History Query] in the alarm management interface, as shown in Figure 32.



F I G U R E 32 AL AR M M AN AG E M E N T – S E L E C T I N G AL AR M H I S T O R Y QU E R Y I N T E R F AC E

5. Click [Alarm History Query] to enter the alarm query wizard as shown in Figure 33.

F I G U R E 33 AL AR M QU E R Y W I Z AR D D I AL O G B O X

6. Select <Alarm History> in [Alarm Type], and select the “Start Time” and “Stop Time” (both at the same day) in [Interval]. Then click <Next> to enter Alarm Query Wizard 1 as shown in Figure 34.




7. Select a value in [Domain] field, and specify a site in [Select alarm source], as shown in Figure 35.


8. Click <Next> and you will enter Alarm Query Wizard 3, as shown in Figure 36.




9. Two query modes can be set in this interface: query by alarm code or by alarm class.

i. To query history alarms by alarm code, you should click <Alarm Code> in [Select], and specify the alarm codes to be queried in [Select Alarm Code]. Then click “>” to add the selected alarms (allowing multiple choices) codes to the display area, as shown in Figure 37.

F I G U R E 37 QU E R Y B Y AL AR M C O D E



ii. If you want to query by class, select "alarm class". Then select the alarm classes to be queried in [Select Alarm Class] (allowing multiple choices), as shown in Figure 38.

F I G U R E 38 QU E R Y B Y AL AR M CL AS S

10. Finally, click <Finish> to display history alarms, as shown in Figure 39.

F I G U R E 39 C O N F I R M E D H I S T O R Y AL AR M D I S P L AY

[Handling]

Observe the alarms that occur repeatedly. Make analysis of these alarms specifically and perform troubleshooting.



Collecting Alarm Frequency Statistics [Instruments and meters]

Collect alarm frequency statistics in the alarm management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]




4. Select the menu [File Alarm Statistics Alarm Frequency Statistics] in the alarm management interface, as shown in Figure 40.

F I G U R E 40 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S

5. Click [Alarm Frequency Statistics] to enter the Alarm Frequency Statistics dialog box, as shown in Figure 41.



F I G U R E 41 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S I N T E R F AC E

6. Click the Source tab, and specify a domain value in the pull-down menu of Domain. Select the statistic objects in the left logic tree, and click “>” to add them to the right display area. See Figure 42.

F I G U R E 42 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S – S E L E C T I N G AL AR M S O U R C E

Alarm sources highlighted in dark color are the selected alarm sources; those highlighted in light color are alarm sources whose subtrees are not completely selected, and those not highlighted are not selected at all. The already selected objects are displayed on the right.



7. Click <Time>, and select <Start Time> and <Stop Time> in [Interval]. Click [All Alarms in Database] and [Custom] to select statistics of all alarms or certain alarms with highest frequencies. See Figure 43.

F I G U R E 43 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S - S E L E C T I N G T I M E P E R I O D F O R AL AR M S T AT I S T I C S

8. Click Other tab to set filtering conditions for alarm statistics. At least one check box must be checked in each group box. Refer to Figure 44.

F I G U R E 44 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S – S E L E C T I N G S T AT I S T I C S F I L T E R I N G C O N D I T I O N S

9. Click <OK> to view the statistics result, as shown in Figure 45.



F I G U R E 45 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S – S H O W I N G S T AT I S T I C S R E S U L T I N A L I S T

Alarms are arranged by number. Double click it to view details.

Click <View Graph> to change the display mode of the statistics result, as shown in Figure 46.

F I G U R E 46 AL AR M FR E Q U E N C Y S T AT I S T I C S – S H O W I N G S T AT I S T I C S R E S U L T I N A G R AP H

Graph display mode is customized. Drag scroll bar at bottom of the graph to view more alarm statistics. To view statistics in a list, click “List”. Alternatively, click “Report” to start report wizard.

[Handling]

The statistics are based on the alarm frequencies. Make analysis of the alarms with higher frequencies specifically, and perform troubleshooting.



Analyzing Performance Report Analyze the performance reports and daily traffic reports over the past week, to see whether a fault exists. If so, remove it.

Monthly Routine Maintenance Table 6 contains a checklist for monthly routine maintenance items of the BS21 (V2.2).

T AB L E 6 M O N T H L Y R O U T I N E M AI N T E N AN C E C H E C K L I S T

Category Test Item Remarks

Creating a monthly performance report

Refer to section “Creating Monthly Performance Report”

Collecting statistics of a bad cells

Refer to section “Collecting Statistics of Bad Cells”

Analyzing and processing the reports

Refer to section “Analyzing and Processing Reports”


Generating a monthly operation report

Refer to section “Generating Monthly Operation Report”

Creating Monthly Performance Report [Instruments and meters]

Create a monthly performance report in the performance management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]



3. In OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.





5. First, select a domain in the pull-down menu of [Please select domain and type of report]. Then specify “System performance report” in [Selected Type] field. Click “>” to add the selected type to [All Types], as shown in Figure 48.






7. Select the object level in the pull-down menu of [Please select the level of analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in [All Objects], and click “>” to add the object to [Selected Objects], as shown in Figure 50.






9. Click <Monthly Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and click <Select Month> to enter the “Please select the time” dialog box, as shown in Figure 52.

F I G U R E 52 P L E AS E S E L E C T T I M E (M O N T H )

10. Select the required month and click <OK>; then in [Select the busy time], select the start time and stop time. The busy hour time interval can only be set as one hour. Then click <Next> to enter the interface as shown in Figure 53.



F I G U R E 53 S E L E C T S T AR T A N D S T O P D AT E

11. When the start and stop date have been specified, click <Finish> to display the content of the monthly report, as shown in Figure 54.

F I G U R E 54 MO N T H L Y R E P O R T D I S P L AY R E S U L T

[Normal result]


[Troubleshooting]

Make analysis of the performance indexes of the cell based on the performance report and implement relevant handling appropriately.



[Precautions]

For more information about creating a monthly performance report, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Collecting Statistics of Bad Cells [Instruments and meters]

Collect statistics of bad cells in the performance management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]



3. In the OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management-->Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.



5. Select the domain in the drop box and then select "bad cell report" in "All Types", and then click ">". The interface is as shown in Figure 56.



F I G U R E 56 B AD C E L L R E P O R T

6. Click <Next> and enter bad cell performance report wizard 1, as shown below.


7. In [All Objects], select the object to be analyzed and click ">". The interface is shown as below.



F I G U R E 58 S E L E C T AN AL Y Z E D OB J E C T S

8. Click “Next” to enter the Performance Report Wizard 2 for the bad report, as shown in Figure 59.


9. Click <Monthly Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and click <Select Month> to enter the “Please select the time” dialog box, as shown in Figure 60.



F I G U R E 60 P L E AS E S E L E C T T I M E (M O N T H )

10. Select the required month and click <OK>, then in [Select the busy time], select the start date and stop date. The busy hour time interval can only be set as one hour. Then click <Next> to enter the interface as shown below.

F I G U R E 61 S E L E C T S T AR T T I M E AN D S T O P D AT E

11. When the start and stop date have been specified, click <Finish> to display the content of the monthly report, as shown in Figure 62.



F I G U R E 62 D I S P L AY O F B A D C E L L R E P O R T

[Normal result]


[Troubleshooting]

Analyze the causes of poor performance in the bad cell based on the statistics, and handle the problem appropriately.

[Precautions]

For more information about the bad cell data report, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Analyzing and Processing Reports [Instruments and meters]

Create various types of reports in the performance management interface at the OMCR client end.

[Test procedure]

Analyze the monthly reports.

[Normal result]




[Troubleshooting]

Perform troubleshooting with reference to relevant information about traffic, call drop rate and handover success rate in Chapter 7.

[Precautions]

For more information about report analyzing and processing, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Generating Monthly Operation Report Fill in the monthly maintenance form according to the monthly performance report and troubleshooting. The monthly maintenance form serves as the monthly operation report and should be submitted to the local ZTE maintenance office.

Biannual Routine Maintenance Biannual routine maintenance of the BS21 (V2.2) requires that all maintenance personnel perform filed maintenance in all sites. Table 7 contains a checklist for biannual routine maintenance items.

T AB L E 7 B I AN N U AL R O U T I N E M AI N T E N AN C E C H E C K L I S T

Category Check items Remarks

Checking the BTS AC power Refer to section “Checking BS21 AC Power”

Checking the running status of the heat exchanger

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of Heat Exchanger”

Checking the environment-monitoring equipment

Checking the dust-proof status Refer to section “Checking Dust-Proof Status”

Checking the running status of the CMM module

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of CMM Module”

Checking the running status of the ETRM module

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of ETRM Module”

Checking the running status of the AEM module

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of ECDU Module”

Measuring the amplifier output power

Refer to section “Measuring Amplifier Output Power”

Measuring the standing wave ratio

Refer to section “Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder”

Synchronizing the clock Refer to section “Calibrating Clock”

Checking the fastness of antennae and towers

Refer to section “Checking Fastness of Antennae and Towers”

Checking and maintaining the active equipment

Checking the obliquity of the directional antennae

Refer to section “Checking Obliquity of Directional Antennae”



Category Check items Remarks

Checking whether the antenna feeder connectors and the lightning protection grounding kit are waterproof

Refer to section “Checking whether Antenna Feeder Connectors and Lightning Protection Grounding Kit are Waterproof”

Checking E1 interfaces Refer to section “Checking E1 Interfaces” Checking and

maintaining the interfaces Checking the antenna feeder

interfaces Refer to section “Checking Antenna Feeder Interfaces”

Checking whether the lightning protection arrester is in good condition

Refer to section “Checking Whether Lightning Protection Arrester is in Good Condition”

Checking whether the grounding is reliable

Refer to section “Checking whether Grounding Cable is Reliable”

Checking and maintaining the auxiliary equipment

Measuring the grounding resistance

Refer to section “Grounding Resistance Test”

Checking the running status of the transmission equipment

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of Transmission Equipment”

Checking and maintaining the auxiliary equipment

Checking the running status of UPS

Refer to section “Checking Running Status of UPS”

Checking BS21 AC Power [Instruments and meters]

3 1/2 multimeter.

[Test procedure]

1. Measure the voltage of the power supply network with the multimeter;

2. Check if the power cable is aging.

[Normal result]

1. Nominal value of the AC power: 220 VAC;

Allowed fluctuation range: 130 VAC ~ 300 VAC.

2. The power cable is not aging.

[Troubleshooting]

If the power voltage is abnormal, check the AC power supply equipment and conduct relevant troubleshooting.

If the power cable is aging, please replace it in time.

[Recovery after test]

None.



Checking Running Status of Heat Exchanger [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Eyeballing method.

[Normal result]

1. The fan works normally.

2. There is no leakage water or rust inside the heat exchanger.

[Troubleshooting]

Implement maintenance to the heat exchanger.


None.

Checking Dust-Proof Status [Instruments and meters]

Vacuum cleaner, duster cloth, and alcohol.

[Test procedure]

Check the equipment shell and the interior to see if there are cobwebs or obvious dust.

[Normal result]

The equipment room should be tidy and clean with no obvious accumulated dust.

[Troubleshooting]

Clean the equipment.


None.



Checking Running Status of CMM Module [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Check status of the indicators on the CMM module panel.

[Normal result]

Table 8 shows the normal status of the indicators on the CMM module panel.

T AB L E 8 N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N CMM M O D U L E P AN E L

Name Description Color Normal Status

PWR Power indicator Green / red The green indicator is on in normal conditions.

RUN Running indicator Green

The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / Boot running

The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / Application running

SYN System synchronization indicator

Green / red

The green indicator is on / Abis interface network synchronization clock

The green indicator flashes / SDH network synchronization clock

The indicator is off / free run

CLK Clock indicator Green / red

The green indicator is on / the network synchronization is locked

The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / in lock phase

The indicator is off / free run

MST Active / standby status indicator Green

The green indicator is on / in active status The green indicator is off / in standby status

STA Status indicator Green / red

The indicator is off / in normal condition The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / system

initialization The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / software

loading under way

[Troubleshooting]

Table 9 lists the abnormal status of the indicators on the CMM module panel.



T AB L E 9 AB N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N CMM M O D U L E P AN E L

Name Description Color Abnormal Status

PWR Power indicator Green / red

The red indicator is on / an alarm exists The red indicator is off / power –off or other

reasons

RUN Running indicator Green The red indicator is on or flashes / system

abnormal

SYN System synchronization indicator

Green / red

The red indicator flashes (4 Hz) / E1 out of frame

The red indicator is on / E1 line broken or disconnected

CLK Clock indicator Green / red The red indicator is on / clock failure


The red indicator flashes (1 Hz) / LAPD link broken

The red indicator flashes (4 Hz) / HDLC link broken

The red indicator is on / other alarms related to temperature, clock and frame number

1. PWR troubleshooting

When the PWR red indicator is on or off, check at the background or LMT whether the LAPD link is broken, or whether there are over-voltage or under-voltage alarms.

For troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”.

For troubleshooting of over-voltage or under-voltage alarms, refer to “Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms”.

2. RUN troubleshooting

When the RUN red indicator is on or flashes, check at the background or LMT whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm. For information of troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”.

3. SYN troubleshooting

i. If the SYN red indicator flashes at the frequency of 4 Hz, it shows that an E1 out-of-frame alarm is issued. For troubleshooting information, refer to “Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)”.

ii. When the SYN red indicator is on or flashes, it shows that E1 link is broken or disconnected. In such case, check at the background or LMT whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm. For information of troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”.

4. CLK troubleshooting

When the CLK red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm, or clock abnormal alarm.



For troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”.

For troubleshooting of clock exception alarms, refer to “Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)”.

5. STA troubleshooting

i. If the STA red indicator flashes at a frequency of 1 Hz, it shows that the LAPD link is broken. For information of troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”.

ii. If the STA red indicator flashes at the frequency of 4 Hz, it shows that the HDLC link is broken. Check at the background or LMT whether there are alarms of HW link long-time disconnection, active / standby rack communication failure, communication link failure from the standby rack to the active rack, and communication link failure between the active rack and the left and right standby racks.

For troubleshooting information of HW link long-time disconnection, refer to “HW Long Time Link Disconnection”.

For troubleshooting of communication link failure from the standby rack to the active rack, refer to “Alarms of Communication Link to Main Rack”.

For troubleshooting of communication link failure between the active rack and the left and right standby racks, refer to “Alarm with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack”.

iii. When the STA red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT whether there are alarms about indications of E1 interface sending forward slip code, E1 interface sending backward slip code, E1 interface receiving forward slip code, and E1 interface receiving backward slip code.

For troubleshooting of E1 interface sending forward slip code alarms, refer to “Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)”.

For troubleshooting of E1 interface sending backward slip code alarms, refer to “Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”.

For troubleshooting of E1 interface receiving forward slip code alarms, refer to “Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”.

For troubleshooting of E1 interface receiving backward slip code alarms, refer to “Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”.


None.



Checking Running Status of ETRM Module [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Check the status of the indicators on the ETRM module panel.

[Normal result]

Table 10 shows the normal status of the indicators on the ETRM module panel.

T AB L E 10 N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N ETRM MO D U L E P AN E L


PWR Power indicator Green / red The green indicator is on in normal conditions.

RUN Running indicator Green

The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / Boot running

The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / Application running

MOD Channel mode indicator Green / red

The green indicator is on / BCCH indication, refer to the note below

The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / BCCH indication, and System Info is broadcast

The green indicator is off / non-BCCH indication

ACT Channel activation indicator

Green

The green indicator flashes / channel activation indication (SDCCH, TCH...)

The green indicator is off / no traffic in the channels which are deactivated


The indicator is off / in normal condition The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / system

initialization The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / software

loading under way

Note: MOD green indicator is an interim status. It is abnormal if the green indicator is constantly on, which shows that ETRM has not received the System Info message.

ACT indicator shows the number of activated channels. The ETRM module controls the pulse width based on the activated channel number so as to display the number of activated channels. For more details, refer to Table 11.



T AB L E 11 R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N I N D I C AT O R B I T D I S P L AY AN D N U M B E R O F AC T I V AT E D TS

Number of Activated TS Indicator Bit Display

Zero activated TS 00000000, 00000000

One activated TS 10000000, 00000000

Two activated TS 10100000, 00000000

Three activated TS 10101000, 00000000

Four activated TS 10101010, 00000000





Description

“0” indicates off, “1” indicates on.

One bit represents a period of Td, which is 4 Hz (0.25 s). The whole status display cycle is 16 × Td=4 s.

For combined channels, such as combinations of TCH/F, SDCCH/8 and SDCCH/4, as long as one logical sub-channel is activated (for example the SDCCH sub-channel), the whole TS is seen activated.

When some timeslots are allocated as the common control channel and dedicated control channel (such as main BCCH channel combination and extBCCH channel combination), they are defined as non-activated and will not be kept in the ACT display statistics.

For the extBCCH channel combination, the green indicator flashes only when all configured BCCH channels are normal and system messages are being transmitted. If one or more extBCCH channels are blocked or faulty, the red indicator flashes based on the number of blocked or fault channels. It flashes for the same time as described in “1”. If all extBCCH channels are blocked or faulty, the red indicator is on constantly.

[Troubleshooting]

Table 12 lists abnormal status of indicators on ETRM module panel.



T AB L E 12 AB N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N ETRM M O D U L E P AN E L

Name Description Color Abnormal Status

PWR Power indicator Green / red

The red indicator is on / an alarm exists

The red indicator is off / power–off or other reasons

RUN Running indicator Green The red indicator is on or flashes / system abnormal

MOD Channel mode indicator Green / red The red indicator is on / BCCH blocked

(blocking on any extBCCH)

ACT Channel activation indicator

Green The red indicator flashes / channel

blocking indication (SDCCH, TCH…) The red indicator is on / CU is disabled


The red indicator flashes (1Hz) / LAPD link broken

The red indicator flashes (4Hz) / HDLC link broken

The red indicator is on / other alarms related to temperature, clock and frame number

1. PWR troubleshooting

When the PWR red indicator is on or is off, check at the background or LMT whether there are alarms of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, communication breakdown between CMM and FUC, and TPU power failure.

For troubleshooting of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, refer to “Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC”.

For troubleshooting of communication breakdown between CMM and FUC, refer to “Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC”.

For troubleshooting of TPU power alarms, refer to “TPU Power Alarm”.

2. RUN troubleshooting

When the RUN red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT whether there are alarms of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, or communication breakdown between CMM and FUC.

For troubleshooting of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, refer to “Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC”.

For troubleshooting of communication breakdown between CMM and FUC, refer to “Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC”.

3. MOD troubleshooting

When the MOD red indicator is on, it shows that BCCH is blocked. To solve this problem, unblock the BCCH carrier through dynamic data management. If it does not work, reset the ETRM module. If the fault stills exists, replace the ETRM module.

4. ACT troubleshooting



i. If ACT red indicator flashes, it means the channels are blocked (SDCCH, TCH and etc.). First through dynamic data management, unblock the carrier frequency where BCCH is located; if it doesn’t work, reset this ETRM module; if the fault still exists, replace this ETRM module then.

ii. When the ACT red indicator is on, it shows that the ETRM module may be faulty. To solve this problem, replace the ETRM module. If it does not work, replace the ETRM module.

5. STA troubleshooting

i. If the STA red indicator flashes at the frequency of 1 Hz, it shows that the LAPD links on FUC and BSC are broken. For information of troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to “Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC”.

ii. If the STA red indicator flashes at a frequency of 4 Hz, it shows that HDLC links in the ETRM module are broken. To troubleshoot it, check at the background or LMT whether there is a CMM and FUC communication breakdown alarm. For troubleshooting of the alarm, refer to “Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC”.

iii. If the STA red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT whether there are alarms related to the temperature, clocks and frame number. For troubleshooting information, refer to “ETRM Alarm”.


None.

Checking Running Status of ECDU Module [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Check status of indicators on CDU module panel.

[Normal result]

Table 13 lists normal status of indicators on CDU module panel.



T AB L E 13 N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N CDU M O D U L E P AN E L


FPO Indicator of normal output of the forward power Green The green indicator is on in normal

conditions.

SWR1 SWR alarm level 1 Red The red indicator is off / no alarm

SWR2 SWR alarm level 2 Red The red indicator is off / no alarm

PWR LNA power supply normal Green The green indicator is on in normal conditions.

LNA1 LNA1 alarm Red The red indicator is off / no alarm

LNA2 LNA2 alarm Red The red indicator is off / no alarm

[Troubleshooting]

Table 14 lists abnormal status of indicators on CDU module panel.

T AB L E 14 AB N O R M AL S T AT U S O F I N D I C AT O R S O N CDU M O D U L E P AN E L

Name Description Color Abnormal Status Exception handling

FPO Indicator of normal output of the forward power

Green The green indicator is off in abnormal conditions ---

SWR1 SWR alarm level 1 Red The red indicator is on when there is such an alarm

Refer to “AEM SWR Major Alarm”

SWR2 SWR alarm level 2 Red The red indicator is on when there is such an alarm

Refer to “AEM SWR Minor Alarm”

PWR LNA power supply normal Green The green indicator is off

in abnormal conditions Refer to “AEM Power Alarm”

LNA1 LNA1 alarm Red The red indicator is on when there is such an alarm

Refer to “LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm”

LNA2 LNA2 alarm Red The red indicator is on when there is such an alarm

Refer to “LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm”


None.



Measuring Amplifier Output Power [Instruments and meters]

1. One set of 3 1/2 digital multimeter;

2. One set of 150 W thru-line power meter;

3. Multiple RF cables;

4. Other hardware.

[Test procedure]

1. Shut off the power on PSM related to the ETRM module.

2. When the power supply is cut off and ETRM has no output power, loosen the cable connectors from the amplifier output terminal to the AEM module, and connect them with a thru-line power meter and a large-power load.

Notes: When it is not connected with an antenna, a 100 W microwave power load is needed but it is not necessary when it is not connected with an antenna.

3. Turn on the power and add the excitation (ETRM has output power), then read the power of the set band (GSM900: 925 MHz ~ 960 MHz; GSM1800: 1805 MHz ~ 1880 MHz). In the case of full power, read the output power and the gain flatness.

[Normal result]

It is required the output power should be larger than 40 W with the gain flatness of less than ±0.5 dB.

[Troubleshooting]

1. For a 60 W BS21 (V2.2), if the amplifier output power does not meet the technical specifications, check whether the ETRM output level is within the allowed range. If it is normal, the fault may lie in the amplifier.

2. Common problems of a power amplifier include power amplifier (front end) and amplifier tube (rear end) damage. It is manifested in low gains and decreased output power. If the fault is in the amplifier, replace the ETRM.


Release the connection between the thru-line power meter, large power load and the amplifier output terminal. Re-establish the connection between the amplifier output terminal and the AEM module.

Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder [Instruments and meters]

A SiteMaster tester and a testing cable.



[Test procedure]

1. Turn on the SiteMaster power switch.

2. Select OPT in the main menu.

3. Select the items whose SWR need be measured.

4. Select key FREQ in the main menu and input the start and stop scanning frequencies

5. In SCALE of the main menu, input the needed values of TOP, BOTTOM and LIMIT. For convenient query, TOP is advised as 1.5 and BOTTOM as 1.0.

6. In menu FREQ, select key MARKER and EDIT, read relevant values and judge if the values are set in compliance with the requirements and then save them.

7. Select key START CAL to correct SiteMaster.

i. Connect circuit opener (OPEN) with TEST PORT and select ENTER;

ii. Connect the choke plunger (SHORT) with TEST PORT and select ENTER;

iii. Connect the load with TEST PORT and select ENTER; then the system will perform automatic correcting.

8. Loosen the jumper connector connected with the cabinet.

9. Connect the SiteMaster with the port of the jumper through a testing cable.

10. Read the value and judge if it meets the requirement of the index.

[Normal result]

The normal result should be SWR < 1.5.

[Troubleshooting]

If the test result is not normal, use the fault positioning function (DTF) to judge the position of the fault and its cause, then solve it.


Reconnect the connector of the equipment and restore the system.

[Precautions]

1. Before each power-on measurement, it is necessary to correct the measuring equipment;

2. If measurement is conducted during operation of the equipment, it is necessary to notify the user to lock relevant sectors or get user's approval before switching off the power of the relevant equipment and test again (generally this method is not recommended).

3. Pay attention to the running status of the equipment being measured.



Calibrating Clock [Instruments and meters]

A cymometer and a laptop installed with LMT software

[Test procedure]

1. Set base station to work at the internal synchronization mode at OMCR.

2. The cymometer is connected with the 13 M clock test interface on the front panel of the BS21 rack.

3. The serial port of the notebook is connected with the external testing port (ETP) of the CMM module.

4. Start LMT in the notebook and click "CKU Calibrate" in the menu to enter the correction interface of CKU as shown in Figure 63.

F I G U R E 63 CKU C O R R E C T I O N

5. Press “Start” to originate communication with the foreground. “Start” is valid when the program is started. Other buttons are invalid. “Start” becomes invalid when pressing “Start” to originate communication with the foreground, and other buttons like “Calibrate” become valid.

6. The current CKU values are displayed in the CKU Calibration interface, including the DAC value and the voltage. Calibrate the DAC value in the Calibration box. You can enter a DAC value manually, or click the up/down arrows to the right of the DAC value box to adjust the value. The step length of each increase or decrease in the DAC value is determined by the step value. Three options are available: 1, 3 and 10.



After the DAC value has been specified, the system calculates the corresponding voltage automatically. Press the “Calibrate” button to inform the foreground to start calibration. Observe the cymometer to see whether the clock is adjusted to 13 M.

7. Press “Save” button to save DAC value in FLASH; the system adopts the value saved in FLASH at reboot. If new DAC value is not saved in time, the system still uses the old DAV value saved in FLASH at reboot.

8. Press “End” to terminate the calibration procedure.

[Normal result]

The clock can be calibrated to 13.000000 MHz ± 0.025 ppm.

[Troubleshooting]

Replace CMM module if it is impossible to calibrate clock to above range.


Reset the base station to its original mode if it works at the external synchronization mode previously.

Checking Fastness of Antennae and Towers [Instruments and meters]

A spanner.

[Test procedure]

1. Check whether the fixing clips for securing the antennae and the antenna supports are fixed.

2. Check whether the fixing clips of the tower amplifier are secured.

[Normal result]

The antennae and tower amplifiers are secured. They do not move or slide.

[Troubleshooting]

Tighten the fastening screws by using a spanner.


None.

Checking Obliquity of Directional Antennae [Instruments and meters]



Goniometer.

[Test procedure]

Here we will use the rotary goniometer with an air bleeder to check the obliquity of the directional antenna, as shown in Figure 64. If other instruments/meters are used on site, please refer to relevant instructions.

F I G U R E 64 R O T AR Y GO N I O M E T E R W I T H AI R B L E E D E R

0

1020

30

40

50

6070

8090

8070

60

50

50

6070

8090

80

7060

50

40

3020

10

43210

576

8

87

65

43

21

01

23

45

67

887

65

43

21

215

12

1

152

12

1

DIAL

1. Press goniometer against object measured, as shown in Figure 65.

F I G U R E 65 M E AS U R I N G OB L I Q U I T Y

1 2 3012

3

80

80

78

60

4

6

5

70

50

8

6050

70

567 234

12 156080

90

4

70

875 61

4050

30

10

20

20

10

30

2

015

5

60

8090

70

101

432

8

4050

121

76 D

IAL

2

2. Rotate the dial until the bubble in the air bleeder is located in the middle of two indication rings.

3. Read the scale on the dial.

[Normal result]



The obliquity is consistent with what is required in network planning.

[Troubleshooting]

1. Rotate the dial to the set angle.

2. Press the object to be measured against the dial chassis firmly, and move them together until the bubble in the air bleeder in the middle of two indication rings. See Figure 66.

F I G U R E 66 AD J U S T I N G LO W E R T I L T I N G AN G L E

3

60

7

50

86

54

1250

1

278 356 4

507060 80

34

0121

60

7080

90

86

5

7 DIAL

0

3070

1030

4020

2010

72

2

8090

011

7080 60

43 65

12 15

4050

81

2

215


None.

Checking whether Antenna Feeder Connectors and Lightning Protection Grounding Kit are Waterproof [Instruments and meters]



Waterproof adhesive tape, sealing adhesive tape, insulation tape

[Test procedure]

Check whether there is leakage and crack in the antenna feeder terminals and the lightning protection grounding kits.

[Normal result]

No leakage or crack is found.

[Troubleshooting]

Follow the steps below to make waterproof treatment.

1. Power off all the ETRM modules on PSM.

2. Remove the original waterproof material.

3. Wrap the waterproof adhesive tape at the connector, followed by the sealing adhesive tape, and finally the insulation tape.

4. Wrap the adhesive tape layer by layer from the bottom up, to avoid rainwater leakage.

5. Re-power on all the ETRM modules.


None.

Checking E1 Interfaces [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

1. Check whether the E1 cable is aging, distorted, extruded, deformed or too tight.

2. Check whether the E1 connector is fixed.

3. Observe status of the indicators on the CMM panel, to see whether the E1 interface is fault.

[Normal result]

1. The E1 cable is not aging, distorted, extruded, transformed or too tight.

2. The E1 terminal is fixed.

3. The red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is off.

[Troubleshooting]



1. If the red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is on, it shows that the E1 line is broken or disconnected. To solve this problem, check the trunk cable in the E1 interface at the bottom of the BS21 to see whether the trunk cable is tightly connected and whether the contact is good.

2. If the trunk cable in the E1 interface is aging, refer to “Trunk Cable Replacement” for the specific method to replace the cable.


None.

Checking Antenna Feeder Interfaces [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

1. Observe the indicators on the AEM module panel to see if there are SWR1 and SWR2 alarms.

2. Check whether the RF cable of the antenna feeder is aging.

[Normal result]

1. The indicators on the AEM module panel show no sign of SWR alarms.

2. The RF cable of the antenna feeder is not aging.

[Troubleshooting]

1. With reference to the SWR measuring method in “Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder”, check the SWR of the jumper, the main feeder and the antenna at the bottom of the equipment by sections and locate the defective part; then replace the defective parts by referring to Appendix A till the fault is removed.

2. Replace the aging frequency cable with reference to “RF Cable Replacement”.


None.

Checking Whether Lightning Protection Arrester is in Good Condition [Instruments and meters]

1. SiteMaster tester

2. 50 ohm N(F) matched load

3. A testing cable

4. An adapter N(M)-7/16 DIN(M), N(M)-7/16 DIN(F)



[Test procedure]

The following steps describe how to check a lightning protection arrester. Here we take a 1/4 λ wavelength lightning protection arrester for example.

1. Power off all the ETRM modules on PSM.

2. Loosen the jumper connectors jointed with both ends of the lightning protection arrester.

3. Calibrate the SiteMaster.

i. Press the START CAL button to perform zero calibration prior to the test.

ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (OPEN) with RF/REFLECTION on the backplane, and then press ENTER.

iii. Connect the short-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) to RF/OUT, and press ENTER to perform load calibration.

iv. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).

4. Connect the SiteMaster to one port on the lightning protection arrester through a testing cable.

5. Connect the other port on the lightning protection arrester with a matched load.

6. Read the SiteMaster, and judge whether the return loss of the lightning protection arrester is within the valid range.

7. Repeat steps (4) ~ (6) to measure the return loss of another port on the lightning protection arrester.

8. Adjust the multimeter to X10K and then measure the resistance of the conductor in the high-frequency sockets at both ends of the lightning protection arrester.

9. Adjust the multimeter to X1 and then measure the resistance between the conductor in the antenna and the ground.

[Normal result]

Technical indexes of the lightning protection arrester comply with the product specifications. The tested return loss is required to be more than 20 dB.

The resistance of the conductor in the high-frequency sockets at both ends of the lightning protection arrester is more than 20 MΩ.

The resistance between the conductor in the antenna and the ground is approximately 0 Ω.

[Troubleshooting]

Replace the lightning protection arrester if the result is beyond the valid range. For more details, refer to “Antenna Feeder Lightning Arrester”.




Reconnect the jumper connector with the two ports of the lightning protection arrester; then re-power on the ETRM modules and recover the system.

[Precautions]

Avoid damaging the grounding connection of the lightning protection arrester.

Checking whether Grounding Cable is Reliable [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Check whether connectors of the grounding cables are loose, rusty or ageing.

[Normal result]

The connectors are not loose, rusty or aging.

[Troubleshooting]

Replace the grounding cable and reconnect the new one.


None.

Grounding Resistance Test [Instruments and meters]

A ground resistance tester (type ZC-8).

[Test procedure]

1. Disconnect the grounding downlead from the equipment, and connect it to the ground resistance tester.

2. Mount two auxiliary pickets 20 m and 40 m away from the testing point respectively (remote voltage / remote current). To ensure good contact between the pickets and the earth, water the surroundings.



3. Connect the two auxiliary pickets and terminals of the ground resistance tester with a conducting wire. Rock the handles of the tester to measure the ground resistance. For power supply by batteries, press the button to read the ground resistance directly.

[Normal result]

Normal ground resistance should be ≤5 Ω; test the ground resistance in a way consistent with the design requirement if there are additional requirements.

[Troubleshooting]

Check whether grounding downlead is connected with ground grid fixedly.

Check whether the ground grid system complies with the design and whether resistivity reduction mixture is added regularly.


None.

Checking Running Status of Transmission Equipment [Instruments and meters]

[Test procedure]

Observe whether indicators on the transmission equipment show the presence of an alarm.

[Normal result]

No alarm is present.

[Troubleshooting]

Refer to User Manual for the transmission equipment.


None.

Checking Running Status of UPS [Instruments and meters]

None.

[Test procedure]

Check whether there is battery leakage, and whether contact of the connected lines is reliable.



[Normal result]

There is no battery leakage and the connection is normal.

[Troubleshooting]

Refer to the UPS Instructions.


None.


C h a p t e r 4

Notification and Handling

In this chapter, you will learn about: Summary of notification information

No traffic notification in the BS cell



Summary of Notification Information BTS notification information indicates the non-repeatable or instant abnormal event that happens during BTS’s running, informing the maintenance personnel of the running statuses of BTS's every part.

No Traffic Notification in BS Cell 1. Description

There is no traffic in the BS cell.

2. Cause

SDCCH utilization rate is <10% (the 10% threshold can be customized).

3. Handling method

i. View the performance statistics of 5-minute granularity to find out the moment when there is no traffic in the cell.

ii. In the background, view the history alarm from the moment when there is no traffic and the current alarm.

iii. View the statuses of channel, FU, CU and cell from dynamic data management at the background.

iv. If there is no current alarm and the statuses of channel, FU, CU and cell are normal, do as follows:

Trace signaling of the cell at the background to observe whether there is any message and the details of the message.

Block/unblock the cell, FU, CU and channel to observe whether there is any traffic.

If there is no traffic, reset ETRM to observe whether there is any traffic.

If there is no traffic, reset CMM (the reset site) to observe whether there is any traffic.

If there is no traffic, changeover the BCCH’s TRU (under the no single carrier condition) to observe whether there is any traffic.

v. In case the above operations at the background do not work, please go to the BTS equipment room and check intensively.

Use LMT to view the BTS alarm and status.

Lock the frequency point of BCCH TRU to observe whether there is power and how much it is. If the power is too low, the PA possibly gets faulty. If there is any power output, observe whether MS can gain access to the network. If not, the message is wrong or the

Chapter 4 - Notification and Handling


clock is offset. Use LMT to calibrate the clock; for details, please refer to “Calibrating Clock”.

Power off ETRM modules and restart them to observe whether there is any traffic.

Power off CMM modules and restart them to observe whether there is any traffic.

Changeover ETRM modules.





C h a p t e r 5

Alarms and Handling

In this chapter, you will learn about: Summary of the alarms

CMM alarms

ETRM alarm



Summary of Alarms BTS alarm information refers to the prompt information that appears when the BTS has problem or fault during operation. Usually, the alarms last some time and will not disappear until all the problems or faults have been removed.

According to the severity, the alarms are divided into levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 to indicate critical, severe, major and minor alarms, as shown in Table 15. The alarm levels can be modified as required in the operation and maintenance system (OMS).

T AB L E 15 D I V I D I N G AL AR M LE V E L S

AlarmLevel

Range of Severely Affected Service

Range of Severely Affected Equipment Safety

Range of Severely Affected System Reliability

Range of Severely Affected System Maintainability

1 Whole BSS Whole BSS

2 One or some sites BSC or a site Whole BSS Whole BSS

3 One or some carrier frequencies

One or some carrier frequencies BSC or a site BSC or a site

4 One or some channels No effect One or some carrier

frequencies One or some carrier frequencies

Note: In the alarm level definitions, the affected range only refers to the effect on a single index. That is to say, when the effect on an index, such as reliability and safety, reaches a certain scope, the alarm level can be basically determined. If an alarm affects several indexes, it should consider upgrading the alarm level.

Alarm handling varies with the alarm levels.

1. When level-1 or level-2 alarms appear, contact the local ZTE office immediately and handle the problems under the guide of the ZTE engineers.

2. When level-3 or level-4 alarms appear, the maintenance staff in the equipment room should write down the problem and fault description, and follow the related descriptions in this manual to handle the alarms. If it does not work, contact the local ZTE office immediately.

In BS21 (V2.2), the CMM is the administrator of the entire BTS, gathering all BTS’s alarms and reporting them to the BSC, and displaying them on local MMIs. The alarm sources in BS21 (V2.2) are CMM, TPU, RCU, PAU, AEM and the environmental supervision unit. Of them, the alarms of the RCU, PAU and AEM are collected by the TPU while the alarms of the environmental supervision unit are collected by the CMM. This manual does not describe the alarms of the environmental supervision unit. As a result, only the active/standby CMM board related alarms are listed in the

Chapter 5 - Alarms and Handling


CMM module part, and the alarms of the TPU, RCU, PAU and AEM are listed in the ETRM module part.

Table 16 lists all BTS’s alarms that possibly appear in the OMS.

T AB L E 16 S U M M AR Y T AB L E O F AL AR M S

Alarm Type Alarm Name Default

Level Code (ID)

Remarks

Board power failure 3 None Refer to “CMM Power Failure”

LAPD link disconnection for a long time 3 None

Refer to “LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection”

CMM's FLASH programming failure 3 0X1A01 Refer to “CMM's FLASH

Programming Failure”

Power over/under-voltage alarm 3 0X1A03

Refer to “Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms”

Equipment alarm

Abnormal clock (13 M, FCLK, SYNCLK) 3

0X1A04, 0X1A09, 0X1A0A

Refer to “Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)”

HW link disconnection for a long time 3 0X1A02 Refer to “HW Long Time

Link Disconnection”

Alarms for the communication link to the main rack

4 0X1A15 Refer to “Alarms of Communication Link to Main Rack”

Alarm with the Communication Link between the Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack

4 0X1A16, 0X1A17

Refer to “Alarm with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack”

E1 carrier wave receiving alarm (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A32, 0X1A4A, 0X1A52

Refer to “E1 Carrier Wave Receiving Alarm (A, D and E interfaces)”

Out-of-frame alarm at the receiving end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A33, 0X1A4B, 0X1A53

Refer to “Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)”

Forward slip code indication at the transmit end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A34, 0X1A4C, 0X1A54

Refer to “Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)”

CMM

alarms

Comm

unication alarm

Backward slip code indication at the transmit end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A35, 0X1A4D, 0X1A55

Refer to “Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”




Level Code (ID)

Remarks

Forward slip code indication at the receive end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A36, 0X1A4E, 0X1A56

Refer to “Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”

Backward slip code indication at the receive end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)

3 0X1A37, 0X1A4F, 0X1A57

Refer to “Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)”

Handling Error

Software accumulative frame number inconsistent with the hardware accumulative frame number

3 0X1A05

Refer to “Software Accumulative Frame Number Inconsistent with Hardware Accumulative Frame Number”

Environment

alarm

Backbone Node Alarm Customized 0XF15~0XF20

Refer to “Dry Contact Alarm”

LNA (low noise amplifier) alarm 3 0X1AC8 Refer to “LNA (Low

Noise Amplifier) Alarm”

Power alarm for the tower mounted amplifier 4 0X1AC9

Refer to “Power Alarm for Tower Mounted Amplifier”

AEM SWR minor alarm 3 0X1ACA Refer to “AEM SWR Minor Alarm”

AEM SWR major alarm 2 0X1ACB Refer to “AEM SWR Major Alarm”

AEM power alarm 2 0X1ACC Refer to “AEM Power Alarm”

AEM type alarm 2 0X1ACE Refer to “AEM Type Alarm”

AEM not-in-position alarm 2 0X1ACF Refer to “AEM Not-in-Position Alarm”

TPU’s CHP DSP0 initialization failure 3 0X1B04

Refer to “TPU’s CHP DSP0 Initialization Failure”

TPU’s CHP DSP1 ~ 3 initialization failure 4

0X1B05, 0X1B06, 0X1B07

Refer to “TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 Initialization Failure”

RFAD6620 initialization failure 3 0X1B08 Refer to “RFAD6620

Initialization Failure”

RFAD6620 resource unavailable 3 0X1B09 Refer to “RFAD6620

Resource Unavailable”

TRM

alarm

Equipment alarm

CIP resource unavailable 3 0X1B0A Refer to “CIP Resource Unavailable”




Level Code (ID)

Remarks

TPU’s FLASH MEMORY error 3 0X1B0E Refer to “TPU’s FLASH

MEMORY Error”

Disconnected LAPD link between FUC and BSC 2 0X1B26

Refer to “Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC”

TPU’s CIP initialization failure 3 0X1B28 Refer to “TPU’s CIP

Initialization Failure”

TPU power alarm 2 0X1B2D Refer to “TPU Power Alarm”

TPU frame number alarm 3 0X1B2E Refer to “TPU Frame Number Alarm”

Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1 ~ 2 out of Lock

3 0X1C00, 0X1C01

Refer to “Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock”

Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1 ~ 2 out of Lock

3 0X1C02, 0X1C03

Refer to “Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock”

52M reference clock PLL out of lock 3 0X1C04

Refer to “52 M Reference Clock PLL Out of Lock”

Transmitting IF local oscillator PLL out of lock 3 0X1C05

Refer to “Transmitting IF Local Oscillator PLL Out of Lock”

PA voltage standing wave ratio alarm 3 0X1C08 Refer to “PA Voltage

SWR Alarm”

PA overheat minor alarm 4 0X1C09 Refer to “PA Overheat Minor Alarm”

PA overheat major alarm 3 0X1C0A Refer to “PA Overheat Major Alarm”

PA output power alarm 3 0X1C0B Refer to “PA Output Power Alarm”

PAS power amplifier power supply overvoltage alarm

3 0X1C0C Refer to “PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Over-voltage Alarm”

PAS power amplifier power supply undervoltage alarm

3 0X1C0D Refer to “PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Under-voltage Alarm”

Alarm with the clock between TPU and CMM 2 0X1B2C

Refer to “Alarm with Clock between TPU and CMM”

WATCHDOG overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP0 3 0X1B10

Refer to “WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP0”

TRM

alarm

Handling error

WATCHDOG overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP1 ~ 3 4

0X1B11, 0X1B12, 0X1B13

Refer to “WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP1~3”




Level Code (ID)

Remarks

WATCHDOG overflow in FUC 3 0X1B18 Refer to “WATCHDOG

Overflow in FUC”

Parameter configuration error in TPU’s Channel 0 ~ 7

4 0X1B1A~0X1B21

Refer to “Parameter Configuration Error in TPU’s Channel 0~7”

Inconsistent cell parameter configuration 3 0X1B22

Refer to “Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration”

Inconsistent FUC software versions 3 0X1B23 Refer to “Inconsistent

FUC Software Versions”

Inconsistent CHP software versions 3 0X1B24 Refer to “Inconsistent

CHP Software Versions”

Temporary no response from FUC’s L3 software 4 0X1B25

Refer to “Temporary No Response from FUC’s L3 Software”

CIP parameter configuration error 3 0X1B29

Refer to “Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration”

WATCHDOG overflow in TPU’s CIP 3 0X1B2A Refer to “WATCHDOG

Overflow in TPU’s CIP”

Inconsistent CIP software version 3 0X1B2B Refer to “Inconsistent

CIP Software Versions”

DLRC_AL downward link check error 3 0X1C0E

Refer to “DLRC_AL Downward Link Check Error”

CMM Alarms CMM Power Failure 1. Description

CMM board power failure alarm.

2. Related information

Alarm code: None.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: CMM board cannot work.

Alarm unit location type: SITE.

Internal handling flow: None.

3. Cause

The CMM board power supply fails.

4. Handling method



The E1 interface is automatically connected by means of spanning; it is necessary to replace the CMM module as soon as possible.

5. Verification

The green PWR indicator of the CMM module is on.

6. Precautions

This alarm is not reported to the BSC and can be viewed through the LMT.

LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection 1. Description

The LAPD link is disconnected for a long time.


Alarm code: None

Alarm level: 3

Alarm influence: The site cannot work.

Alarm unit location type: SITE

Internal handling flow: Alarm; request for the soonest replacement of CMM.

3. Cause

The communication between BTS and BSC is interrupted.

4. Handling method

i. Use the following flow to check whether it is the CMM board fault or the transmission line problem.

Use LMT to check whether the CMM version is correct;

Disconnect the inlet and the outlet of E1 line at the BTS side to see whether the red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is always on. If not, it means that the CMM board has problem. Replace the CMM board.

Self-loop the E1 line at the BTS side, and check status of the red SYN indicator on the CMM panel.

If the red SYN indicator is always on when the E1 is self-looped, replace the E1 interface line at the bottom. If it still does not work, replace the CMM board.

If the red STN indicator is not on when the E1 is self-looped, it means that the BTS E1 inout/oulet is normal. Check whether the transmission line (including the grounding) is in good condition.

ii. If all devices are normal, check whether the software flow has any problem with a signaling analyzer, and determine whether the problem is at the BTS side or BSC side. Then, take further measures as required.

5. Verification



The red STA indicator of the CMM board does not flash at 1 Hz frequency.

6. Precautions

This alarm is not reported to BSC and can be viewed through the LMT.

CMM's FLASH Programming Failure 1. Description

CMM's FLASH programming failure alarm.


Alarm code: 0X1A01.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: No version can be loaded or accessed.


3. Cause

The FLASH is programmed too many times and read/write error occurs.

4. Handling method

Typically, it is the fault with the FLASH chip, and the user cannot solve such problems. Replace the CMM module in time in the case of such faults.

5. Verification

This alarm does not appear in the OMCR alarm interface.

6. Precautions

If the CMM board is not replaced in time, the device may not be restarted after reset.

HW Long Time Link Disconnection 1. Description

The HW link is disconnected for a long time.


Alarm code: 0X1A02.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The site cannot work.


Internal handling flow: Alarm; request for soonest replacement of CMM.

3. Cause

The inner communication in the BTS is interrupted.

4. Handling method



i. Initiate the HW self-loop test flow and check whether it is the line connection problem or the board chip fault.

ii. If no link can be established for any ETRM, it can be considered that the CMM module is faulty. Replace the CMM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms 1. Description

The power supply of CMM is over/under-voltage.


Alarm code: 0X1A03.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: CMM works abnormally.

Alarm unit location type: SITE

The power indicator displays the alarm.

Internal handling flow: None.

3. Cause

The voltage of the CMM power supply is out of the adjustable range.

4. Handling method

Replace the CMM as soon as possible.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK) 1. Description

The clock (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK) is abnormal.


Alarm code: 0X1A04, 0X1A09, 0X1A0A.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: the inner transmission link of the BTS is disconnected; the frame numbers are confusing and the frequency combiner is abnormal.




Clock alarm is displayed on the front panel.

Internal handling: none.

3. Cause

The CMM clock unit works abnormally.

4. Handling method

Replace the CMM.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Software Accumulative Frame Number Inconsistent with Hardware Accumulative Frame Number 1. Description

The software accumulated frame number differs from the hardware accumulated frame number.


Alarm code: 0X1A05.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: the TPU frame numbers are confusing; and no ETRMs managed by this CMM can work normally.


3. Cause

Interference level in the circuit causes the frame number accumulation interrupted.

4. Handling method

Replace the CMM.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.



Alarms of Communication Link to Main Rack 1. Description

Alarm happens with the communication link to the master rack.


Alarm code: 0X1A15.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: the site cannot implement the data/software loading or O&M and it works abnormally.


3. Cause

The communication link from the rack to the master rack is faulty.

4. Handling method

i. Check whether the cables between the racks are connected securely and whether the cables have been damaged. Correct the faulty conditions.

ii. Start communication self-test of the master/slave racks to determine whether it is the problem with the CMM hardware or software flow. Solve the possible problems.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

This alarm should be handled immediately.

Alarm with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack 1. Description

Alarm happens with the communication link between the master rack and left/right slave racks.


Alarm code: 0X1A16, 0X1A17.

Alarm Level.

Alarm influence: SITE.




3. Cause

The communication link from the master rack to the slave rack is faulty.

4. Handling method

i. Check whether the cables between the racks are connected securely and whether the cables have been damaged. Correct the faulty conditions.

ii. Start the master/slave communication self-check to determine whether it is the problem with the CMM hardware or the software flow. Solve the possible problems.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


E1 Carrier Wave Receiving Alarm (A, D and E interfaces) 1. Description

E1 carrier wave receiving alarm (A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A32, 0X1A4A, 0X1A52.

Alarm level:

Alarm influence: If tbe alarm does not occur frequently, it is little influence on the call. If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes), it can cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link establishment between ETRM and BSC.


3. Cause

The chip is faulty; the clock is abnormal; there is phase difference from that of the BSC clock or the E1 line is not connected securely.

4. Handling method

i. Check the electrical connection performance of the E1 cable.

ii. If the E1 cable is in good condition, plug the module securely and reset it.

iii. If the alarm persists, the E1 interface chip may be abnormal.

iv. If the chip self-test is passed, start the E1 interface self-loop test flow.

v. If the E1 interface self-loop test is normal, it can be basically considered that the transmission equipment is faulty. The alarm handling varies depending on the possible causes.



5. Verification


6. Precautions

If the alarm does not appear frequently, it can be ignored.

Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces) 1. Description

Out-of-frame alarm at the receiving end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A33, 0X1A4B, 0X1A53.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: If it does not occur frequently, there is little influence on the call. Alarm influence: If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes), it can cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link establishment between ETRM and BSC.


3. Cause

The chip is faulty; the clock is abnormal; there is phase difference from that of the BSC clock, or the E1 line is not connected securely.

4. Handling method





v. If the E1 interface self-loop test is normal, it can be basically considered that the transmission equipment is faulty.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces) 1. Description



Positive slip code indication appears at the E1 interface transmitting end (in the A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A34, 0X1A4C, 0X1A54.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: If it does not occur frequently, there is little influence on the call. If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes), it can cause abnormal conversation or abnormal link establishment between ETRM and BSC.


3. Cause


4. Handling method






5. Verification


6. Precautions


Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) 1. Description

Negative slip code indication appears at the E1 interface transmitting end (in the A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A35, 0X1A4D, 0X1A55.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: If it does not occur frequently, there is little influence on the call. If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes), it can cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link establishment between ETRM and BSC.




3. Cause


4. Handling method






5. Verification


6. Precautions


Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) 1. Description

Positive slip code indication appears at the E1 interface receiving end (in the A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A36, 0X1A4E, 0X1A56.

Alarm level: 3.





3. Cause


4. Handling method






5. Verification


6. Precautions


Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) 1. Description

Negative slip code indication appears at the E1 interface receiving end (in the A, D and E interfaces).


Alarm code: 0X1A37, 0X1A4F, 0X1A57.

Alarm Level: 3.





3. Cause


4. Handling method






5. Verification


6. Precautions


ETRM Alarm Dry Contact Alarm 1. Description

The dry contact alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0XF15~0XF20.

Alarm level: customized; for details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Alarm influence: customized; for details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.


3. Cause

For details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.



4. Handling method

No handling is required.

5. Verification

None.

6. Precautions

None.

LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm 1. Description

Overcurrent alarm happens with the LNA (low noise amplifier).


Alarm code: 0X1AC8.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: the ETRM connected with it cannot work (if both the main and diversity LNAs are faulty) or cannot work normally (if only one LNA is faulty).


3. Cause

The LNA is overcurrent by 30%.

4. Handling method

Replace the AEM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Power Alarm for Tower Mounted Amplifier 1. Description

Tower amplifier power alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1AC9.

Alarm level: 4.

Alarm influence: uplink receiving sensitivity of related ETRM is affected.


3. Cause

The AEM tower amplifier power supply has an alarm. The alarm causes should be analyzed comprehensively.

4. Handling method



Replace the tower amplifier or the AEM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

AEM SWR Minor Alarm 1. Description

AEM SWR minor alarm.


Alarm code: 0X1ACA.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: Transmission will be affected.


3. Cause

Alarm happens when the combiner standing wave ratio is larger than 1.4 and less than 3.0.

4. Handling method

Continue the observation. It is unnecessary to replace the AEM module if the normal service is not affected.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

AEM SWR Major Alarm 1. Description

AEM SWR major alarm.


Alarm code: 0X1ACB.

Alarm level: 2.



Internal handling flow: Switch off the power amplifier, and then the ETRM will be disabled and the standing wave ratio alarm cannot be recovered automatically. It has to be recovered manually (reset the CMM).

3. Cause



Alarm happens when the AEM SWR is 3.0.

4. Handling method

Refer to “Handling of SWR Major Alarms”.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

AEM Power Alarm 1. Description

The AEM power supply has an alarm.


Alarm code: 0X1ACC.

Alarm level: 2.



Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

The AEM power supply has an alarm.

4. Handling method

Replace the AEM in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

AEM Type Alarm 1. Description

AEM type alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1ACE.

Alarm level: 2.



Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

AEM type alarm happens.



4. Handling method

i. Check whether the AEM configuration type matches the actual type. If not, replace it in time.

ii. If it does, check whether the AEM is plugged securely and powered on. Check whether the backplane transmission is faulty, and whether the ETRM collection circuit is faulty. Replace the related cables or module if true.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

AEM Not-in-Position Alarm 1. Description

AEM not-in-position alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1ACF.

Alarm level: 2.



Internal handling flow: The power amplifier is shut down and relevant ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

AEM not-in-position alarm happens.

4. Handling method

Replace the AEM module, and reset the ETRM that is connected with it.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

TPU’s CHP DSP0 Initialization Failure 1. Description

TPU’s CHP DSP0 initialization fails.


Alarm code: 0X1B04.

Alarm level: 3.



Alarm influence: If the ETRM with the DSP0 is the BCCH carrier, the cell will not work normally. If not, the affected two physical channels of the ETRM cannot work normally, but the other channels can.

Alarm unit location type: FU.

3. Cause

DSP software or hardware is in error.

4. Handling method

i. Download the DSP software again.

ii. Reset the ETRM frame and restart the DSP unit. Check whether the alarm is recovered. If the alarm is recovered, the DSP initialization failure is generally caused by strong external interference, and the ETRM unit can still work normally. If the alarm cannot be recovered, replace the corresponding ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

If the alarm affects the BCCH carrier, handle it immediately. If it affects the TCH carrier only, handle it as soon as possible. Otherwise, the traffic capacity of the cell will be affected.

TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 Initialization Failure 1. Description

TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 initialization fails.


Alarm code: 0X1B05, 0X1B06, 0X1B07.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: Two timeslots of the ETRM will not work normally. That is, two physical channels of the ETRM cannot be used, which will affect the traffic capacity of the cell.

Alarm unit location type: FU

Internal handling flow: If the BTS has another ETRM module, configure the BCCH into another ETRM.

3. Cause

DSP software or hardware is wrong.

4. Handling method


ii. Reset the ETRM frame and restart the DSP unit. Check whether the alarm is recovered. If the alarm is recovered, the DSP initialization



failure is generally caused by strong external interference, and the ETRM unit can still work normally. If the alarm cannot be recovered, replace the corresponding ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

If the alarm affects the BCCH carrier, handle it immediately. If it affects the TCH carrier only, handle it as soon as possible. Otherwise, the traffic capacity of the cell will be affected.

RFAD6620 Initialization Failure 1. Description

RFAD6620 initialization fails.


Alarm code: 0X1B08.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the operation of the whole cell will be affected.


Internal handling flow: This ETRM is disabled. If it is a BCCH carrier, implement the BCCH backup flow.

3. Cause

AD6620 initialization fails.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the module to have it work normally.

ii. If it does not work, replace the module immediately.



5. Verification


6. Precautions


RFAD6620 Resource Unavailable 1. Description

RFAD6620 resource is unavailable.




Alarm code: 0X1B09.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the operation of the whole cell will be affected.


Internal handling flow: Disable this ETRM. If the ETRM-carried TRX is a BCCH carrier, perform the BCCH backup flow.

3. Cause

RFAD6620 resource is unavailable (the uplink data disappear suddenly).

4. Handling method

i. Reset the ETRM module to make it work normally.

ii. If it does not work, replace the ETRM module immediately.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


CIP Resource Unavailable 1. Description

CIP resource is unavailable.


Alarm code: 0X1B0A.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the operation of the whole cell will be affected.


3. Cause

The data demodulation fails in uplink/downlink loops.

4. Handling method

i. If there is traffic on ETRM while the alarm happens, ETRM is normal.

ii. If there is no traffic on ETRM, or OMCR fails to initiate RF_LOOP test, the ETRM has been damaged and should be replaced immediately.

5. Verification


6. Precautions




TPU’s FLASH MEMORY Error 1. Description

TPU’s FLASH MEMORY is in error.


Alarm code: 0X1B0E.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The baseband processing unit cannot obtain correct software version from the FLASH MEMORY, and the whole carrier unit cannot work normally.


3. Cause

The FLASH is programmed too many times, read/write error occurs, or the software checksum is wrong.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the carrier unit to see whether the alarm can be recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, it is caused by the external interference that leads to errors when the CPU reads data from the FLASH MEMORY. The carrier unit can work normally after the fault is recovered.

ii. If the resetting cannot recover the alarm, replace the ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP0 1. Description

The WATCHDOG overflows in TPU’s CHP DSP0.


Alarm code: 0X1B10.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The DSP0 of the channel processing unit does not respond temporarily. The control unit reloads the DSP program and re-initializes it. If the alarm cannot be recovered, the DSP loading does not succeed. This fault may cause two channel of a carrier unit cannot work normally. If the carrier is a BCCH carrier, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.




Internal handling flow: If the BTS has other TRXs, configure the BCCH into another TRX.

3. Cause

The DSP0 of the channel processing unit does not respond temporarily.

4. Handling method

i. First reset the TRX unit to see if the alarm can be recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, the alarm is caused by the abnormity of the internal DSP status. The carrier unit will work normally when the fault is recovered.

ii. If the resetting cannot recover the alarm, have the BSC start the BCCH changeover policy, and replace the ETRM module at the same time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CHP DSP1~3 1. Description

The WATCHDOG overflows in TPU’s CHP DSP1~3.


Alarm code: 0X1B11, 0X1B12, 0X1B13.

Alarm level: 4.

Alarm influence: The DSP1~3 of the channel processing unit do not respond temporarily. The control unit reloads the DSP program and re-initializes it. If the alarm cannot be recovered, the DSP loading does not succeed. This fault may cause two channel of a carrier unit cannot work normally.


Internal handling flow: If the BTS has other TRXs, configure the BCCH into another TRX.

3. Cause

The DSP1~3 of the channel processing unit do not respond temporarily.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the carrier unit and check whether the alarm can be recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, the alarm is caused by the abnormal internal DSP state. The carrier unit will work normally after the reset.


5. Verification




6. Precautions

None.

WATCHDOG Overflow in FUC 1. Description

The WATCHDOG overflows in FUC.


Alarm code: 0X1B18.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The eight channels of the ETRM cannot be used. If such an error happens during a call, the conversation will be interrupted.


3. Cause

The FUC program does not respond temporarily.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the ETRM to solve the problems..

ii. If the resetting does not work, replace the ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Parameter Configuration Error in TPU’s Channel 0~7 1. Description

The parameter configuration in TPU’s channel 0~7 is wrong.


Alarm code: 0X1B1A~0X1B21.

Alarm level: 4.

Alarm influence: In general, the BSC background validates the data before the synchronization. This alarm seldom happens because the data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It affects the channel assignment and normal work.


Internal handling flow: Relevant channels will be disabled; CMM tries to re-configure parameters.

3. Cause



The parameter configuration is wrong.

4. Handling method

Wait for 10 minutes. If the alarm is not recovered, reconfigure the parameters at the background and synchronize them to the BTS. If the fault persists, replace the ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration 1. Description

The cell parameter configurations are inconsistent.


Alarm code: 0X1B22.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: In general, the BSC background validates the data before the synchronization. This alarm seldom happens because the data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It will make the BTS unable to work normally.


Internal handling flow: CMM tries to re-configure parameters.

3. Cause

The cell parameter configuration is wrong, or conflicts with the configuration of channel parameters and CIP parameters.

4. Handling method

Wait for 10 minutes. If the alarm is not recovered, reconfigure the parameters at the background and synchronize them to the BTS.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


Inconsistent FUC Software Versions 1. Description

The FUC software version is inconsistent.


Alarm code: 0X1B23.

Alarm level: 3.



Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work normally.


Internal handling flow: Download the latest FUC software version again.

3. Cause

The FUC software version is loaded wrongly. If one is configured as BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.

4. Handling method

Reset the ETRM module. If the resetting does not work, replace the ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


Inconsistent CHP Software Versions 1. Description

The CHP software version is inconsistent.


Alarm code: 0X1B24.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The four DSPs of the CHP cannot work. If one is configured as BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.


Internal handling flow: Download the latest CHP software version again.

3. Cause

The CHP software version is loaded wrongly.

4. Handling method


5. Verification


6. Precautions


Temporary No Response from FUC’s L3 Software 1. Description

FUC’s L3 software does not respond temporarily.




Alarm code: 0X1B25.

Alarm level: 4.

Alarm influence: The background cannot detect the FUC running conditions, but it does not affect the phone calls.


3. Cause

The MO software (yes/no) does not respond temporarily (set by the CMM).

4. Handling method

i. Wait for 10 minutes and check whether the alarm is recovered.

ii. If the alarm cannot be recovered for a long time, unplug and plug the ETRM again and reset it when the traffic is not heavy.

iii. If the alarm occurs after the resetting, reset the CMM when the traffic is not heavy.

iv. If the alarm persists, replace the ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

This alarm can be ignored.

Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC 1. Description

The LAPD Link between FUC and BSC is disconnected.


Alarm code: 0X1B26.

Alarm level: 2.

Alarm influence: This FUC cannot work. If the FUC is a BCCH-TPU, it will affect the services of the cell.


Internal handling flow: This ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

The L2 layer software of the FUC has not contacted the BSC for certain time.

4. Handling method

Refer to “LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier”.



5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC 1. Description

The communication between CMM and FUC is interrupted.


Alarm code: 0X1B27.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The TPU polling is faulty; any data cannot be transmitted between the TPU and CMM. The data configuration for the FUC, CHP and CIP cannot be finished, and their statuses cannot be reported.


3. Cause

The HDLC link between the OMU and the EAM is disconnected, or the CMM hardware is in error.

4. Handling method

The system can go on but no data configuration can be implemented. If the long-term link disconnection occurs only to the ETRM, follow the following steps for troubleshooting:

i. Check whether the ETRM has been plugged or is plugged securely.

ii. Reset the ETRM and check whether the alarm is recovered.

iii. Check whether the CMM board works normally.

iv. Check whether the address switches on the backplane are correct.

v. Check whether the transmission lines on the backplane are properly connected.

vi. Use the HW self-loop test to judge whether it is fault with hardware or software. If it the fault with hardware, replace the related module. If it is the fault with software, contact the local ZTE for handling.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.



TPU’s CIP Initialization Failure 1. Description

TPU’s CIP initialization fails.


Alarm code: 0X1B28.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The modulation module cannot work, and the carrier or cell (if the carrier is configured with BCCH) cannot work normally.


Internal handling flow: RCU is disabled.

3. Cause

DSP software or hardware is in error.

4. Handling method


ii. Reset the ETRM frame and restart the DSP unit. Check whether the alarm is recovered. If the alarm is recovered, the DSP initialization failure is generally caused by strong external interference, and the ETRM unit can still work normally. If the alarm cannot be recovered, replace the corresponding ETRM module.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


CIP Parameter Configuration Error 1. Description

CIP parameter configuration is wrong.


Alarm code: 0X1B29.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: In general, the BSC background validates the data before the synchronization. This alarm seldom happens because the data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It will affect the normal work of the ETRM.


Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled; CMM tries to re-configure the parameters.

3. Cause

The parameter configuration is wrong or conflicts.



4. Handling method

i. Check the software configuration parameters (frequency, mode and static power level). Re-configure the parameters at the background and synchronize them to the BTS.

ii. If the above measures do not work, replace the ETRM in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

WATCHDOG Overflow in TPU’s CIP 1. Description

The WATCHDOG overflows in TPU’s CIP.


Alarm code: 0X1B2A.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The DSP program of the modulation module does not respond temporarily. The control unit reloads the DSP program and re-initializes it. If the alarm cannot be recovered, the DSP loading does not succeed. This fault may cause one carrier unit cannot work normally.


Internal handling flow: FU keeps trying to download.

3. Cause

The DSP program of the modulation module does not respond temporarily.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the carrier unit and check whether the alarm can be recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, it is caused by the abnormal internal DSP state. The carrier unit will work normally after the reset.


5. Verification


6. Precautions


Inconsistent CIP Software Versions 1. Description

The CIP software version is inconsistent.




Alarm code: 0X1B2B.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work normally.


Internal handling flow: Re-download the latest CIP software version.

3. Cause

The CIP software version is loaded wrongly. If one is configured as BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.

4. Handling method


5. Verification


6. Precautions


Alarm with Clock between TPU and CMM 1. Description

Alarm happens with the clock between TPU and CMM.


Alarm code: 0X1B2C.

Alarm level: 2.

Alarm influence: The FUC cannot work. The cell service will be affected if the FUC is a BCCH-TPU.


3. Cause

The clock between TPU and CMM is interrupted.

4. Handling method

i. If only this TPU in the BTS has this alarm, check whether the cables are connected correctly at the backplane. If so, replace the ETRM module.

ii. If other TPUs in the BTS also have this alarm, check whether the CMM board of the BTS has any clock alarm. If any, replace the CMM.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.



TPU Power Alarm 1. Description

TPU power alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1B2D.

Alarm level: 2.

Alarm influence: The ETRM cannot work. The cell service will be affected if the ETRM is a BCCH.


3. Cause

The power module on the TPU module has an alarm.

4. Handling method

Replace the ETRM.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

TPU Frame Number Alarm 1. Description

TPU frame number alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1B2E.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work. If the ETRM carries BCCH, the cell service will be affected.


Alarm influence: Alarm will be reported. If the alarm cannot be recovered for a long time, it marks this ETRM resource unavailable.

3. Cause

The frame clock FCLK has problems, or the upper-level frame number synchronization source CMM has problems.

4. Handling method

i. Measure whether the frame clock FCLK is normal at the frame number generation points. (If it is direct transmission, check whether the clock frequency or wave shape is distorted. If this is



phase-lock generation, check whether there is any out-of-lock alarm.) If there is any fault, replace the ETRM module.

ii. Observe whether the transmission link is normal, including whether the transmitted clock is normal, whether the interface chip has any alarm, and whether the error rate is too big.

iii. Observe whether there is any alarm with the upper-level frame number synchronization source.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock 1. Description

Receiving RF local oscillator PLL1~2 are out of lock.


Alarm code: 0X1C00, 0X1C01.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot serve calls.

Alarm unit location type: CU.


3. Cause

The clock signal is unstable, or the ETRM phase-locked loop is faulty.

4. Handling method

i. Use the LMT to check whether there is any clock alarm. If any, replace the related module. If none, check whether the TP interface 13 M clock on the front panel has any output. If there is no output, the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM module.

ii. If the above fault disappears, the local oscillator may be faulty. Replace the ETRM in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions




Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock 1. Description

Transmitting RF local oscillator PLL1~2 are out of lock.


Alarm code: 0X1C02, 0X1C03.

Alarm level: 3.




3. Cause


4. Handling method

i. Check whether there is any clock alarm through LMT. If yes, replace the module concerned; if no, check the front panel TP interface 13 M clock to see if there is any output. If there is no output, the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM module.


5. Verification


6. Precautions


52 M Reference Clock PLL Out of Lock 1. Description

The 52 M reference clock PLL is out of lock.


Alarm code: 0X1C04.

Alarm level: 3.




3. Cause




4. Handling method

i. Check whether there is any clock alarm through LMT. If yes, replace the module concerned; if not, check the front panel TP interface 13 M clock to see if there is any output. If there is no output, the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM module.


5. Verification


6. Precautions


Transmitting IF Local Oscillator PLL Out of Lock 1. Description

The transmitting IF local oscillator PLL is out of lock.


Alarm code: 0X1C05.

Alarm level: 3.




3. Cause


4. Handling method

i. Check whether there is any clock alarm through LMT. If yes, replace the module concerned; if not, check the front panel TP interface 13 M clock to see if there is any output. If there is no output, the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM module.

ii. If the above fault disappears, the local oscillator may be faulty. Replace the ETRM in time. The alarm handling varies depending on the possible causes.

5. Verification


6. Precautions




PA Voltage SWR Alarm 1. Description

PA voltage standing wave ratio alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1C08.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot serve calls for PA is damaged.


Internal handling flow: ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

The direct cause is the too large reverse power.

4. Handling method

i. Check whether the cables are secure.

ii. If the fault persists, replace the ETRM module in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

PA Overheat Minor Alarm 1. Description

PA overheat minor alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1C09.

Alarm level: 4.

Alarm influence: ETRM can still work, but the PA ages at a quicker step.


3. Cause

The PA is overheated. Possibly, the PA has worked at full power for a long time; the fan is not running for a long time; the ambient temperature is too high; or the detection circuit is faulty.

4. Handling method

i. Check whether the fan works normally and whether the ambient temperature is too high.

ii. If the fan works normally and the ambient temperature is normal, but the PA temperature alarm persists, the detection circuit may be faulty. Continue the observation.

5. Verification




6. Precautions

None.

PA Overheat Major Alarm 1. Description

PA overheat major alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1C0A.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The TRU power output will be shut off protectively, and the PA ages at a quicker step.


Internal handling: ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

The PA is overheated. Possibly, the PA has worked at full power for a long time; the fan is not running for a long time; the ambient temperature is too high; or the detection circuit is faulty.

4. Handling method

i. Check whether the fan works normally and whether the ambient temperature is too high.

ii. If the fan works normally and the ambient temperature is normal, but the PA temperature alarm persists, the detection circuit may be faulty. Replace the ETRM in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


PA Output Power Alarm 1. Description

PA output power alarm happens.


Alarm code: 0X1C0B.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The ETRM cannot serve calls, or the power control is out of control.


3. Cause



The direct cause is the over double difference between the PA output power and CIP control power.

4. Handling method

i. Reset the ETRM and observe whether the alarm can be recovered.

ii. If the fault persists, replace the ETRM module in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions


PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Over-voltage Alarm 1. Description

The PAS power amplifier power supply is over-voltage.


Alarm code: 0X1C0C.

Alarm level: 3.

The PA may be damaged, or the modulation module shuts off the output power protectively.

Alarm unit location type: CU

3. Cause

The PAS power amplifier power supply is over-voltage.

4. Handling method

Check whether the PAS detection circuit is faulty. If so, replace the ETRM module in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Under-voltage Alarm 1. Description

The PAS power amplifier power supply is under-voltage.


Alarm code: 0X1C0D.

Alarm level: 3.



Alarm influence: The output power is abnormal.


3. Cause

The PA power amplifier power supply is under-voltage.

4. Handling method

Check whether the PAS detection circuit is faulty. If so, replace the ETRM module in time.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

None.

DLRC_AL Downward Link Check Error 1. Description

The DLRC_AL downward link has check error.


Alarm code: 0X1C0E.

Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: Massive error codes appear between CHP and the modulation module, the downward link is faulty, or the ETRM cannot serve calls normally.


Internal handling flow: ETRM is disabled.

3. Cause

There is interference in the link between the CHP and modulation module.

4. Handling method

i. Check the signal and timing between the CHP and modulation module.

ii. If the fault persists, the ETRM is faulty. Replace it.

5. Verification


6. Precautions

If the alarm appears transiently, ignore it. If the alarm remains all the time, handle it immediately.


C h a p t e r 6

Troubleshooting

In this chapter, you will learn about: Summary of common problems

List of major faults

Troubleshooting procedure of components failures

Troubleshooting at the BS commissioning stage

Troubleshooting in the BS maintenance stage

Troubleshooting in the BS cutover and expansion stages



Summary of Common Problems The common problems of BS21 (V2.2) device are shown in Table 17:

T AB L E 17 C O M M O N F AU L T S O F BS21 (V2.2 ) D E V I C E

Classification Symptom Remarks

BS works normally but the mobile phone has no signals or can not access the network

Refer to “BS Works Normally but Mobile Phone Has no Signals or Cannot Access Network”

Handling of SWR major alarms Refer to “Handling of SWR Major Alarms”

Common problems at the commissioning stage

Poor communication quality Refer to “Poor Conversation Quality at BS”

Shrinkage of BS Coverage. Refer to “Shrinkage of BS Coverage”

Cell Carrier not Occupied Refer to “Cell Carrier not Occupied”

LAPD broken-link of the BS carrier Refer to “LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier”

BS works normally but can not hand over normally (It can not hand over with the adjacent cells)

Refer to “BS in Normal Status but BS Handover Is Abnormal”

Handling the lightning-stricken BS failures

Refer to “Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults”

The signal of MS is not stable in idle state.

Refer to “MS Signal is not Stable in Idle State”

The signal of MS is not stable in busy state.

Refer to “Unstable MS Signal in Conversation”

The assignment success ratio of TCH is low and calls are difficult to be put through

Refer to “TCH Assigned with Low Success Ratio and Calls Are Difficult to Get through”

Common problems in the maintenance stage

MS echoes occurring during conversation

Refer to “MS Echo during Conversation”

Unidirectional get-through occurring to mobile phones

Refer to “Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls”

SDCCH occupied for a long time Refer to “SDCCH Occupied too Long”

Common problems in the cutover or expansion stage

The call drop rate of a cell rises Refer to “Call Drop Rate in Cell Rises Suddenly”

Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting


List of Major Faults A major fault of BTS refers to a failure that makes over 80% or all of the subscribers of the station unable to communicate normally.

The major faults with the BS21 (V2.2) are as shown in Table 18.

T AB L E 18 M AJ O R F AU L T S O F BS21 (V2 .2)

Serial No. Name of the Major Fault Handling Method

1 The antenna is damaged, which makes over 80% subscribers unable to communicate normally

Refer to “Poor Conversation Quality at BS”

2 Faults occur to the BS carrier (or channel), which makes over 80% subscribers unable to communicate

Refer to “Cell Carrier not Occupied”

3 Lighting strike causes breakdown BSs or makes all subscribers unable to communicate normally.

Refer to “Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults”

Troubleshooting Procedure of Components Failures 1. Record the panel indicator states of the faulty components.

2. View alarms through OCMR or LMT. If LMT is normal but OMCR not, report the problem to ZTE. If conditions permitting, trace the signaling and attach the trace file.

3. Reboot the faulty components to see whether the faults still exist. If not, they are good. If faults occur on PA, reboot the related TRU.

4. Unplug the faulty components and insert them again (if faults occur on PA, insert TRU and PA again). Boot up to see whether alarms still occur (if faults occur on PA, reboot the related TRU). If not, they are good.

5. Replace or change components.

i. Replace the faulty component with the similar component working normally on the rack. If the fault follows the component, then the component is faulty. If the fault is relevant to the slot, the component is good. View the configuration and the backplane.

ii. If it works normally after the new component is installed, reinstall the replaced component to the original location if there are not similar components on the rack. If the component works normally again, the component itself is good and it is unnecessary to replace it with a new one. Otherwise, record the alarm and replace it with the new one.



Troubleshooting at BS Commissioning Stage BS Works Normally but Mobile Phone Has no Signals or Cannot Access Network 1. Symptom

The mobile station has no signals, displaying “No network” or nothing, but BS is in good conditions (no alarms).

2. Source

Find the fault during the dialing test.

3. Related parts

OMCR parameter setting, transmission equipment, antenna feeder system and ETRM modules.

4. Fault analyzing and locating

i. Trace the Abis interface message to see whether there are channel request messages. If no channel request messages occur in the cell, the fault occurs at the network side, otherwise the problem is with the MS.

ii. Faults occurring at the network side may be caused by the following factors.

LAC and cell code at the MSS side are not configured consistently with those at the BSS side.

Wireless parameters are not configured properly.

The hardware faults of BS such as antenna feeder system fault, network synchronization not being in locked status and frequency deviation occur on the clock, or ETRM fault.

Transmission faults: Faults but no alarms occur to the transmission (such as HDSL), unidirectional bit error occurs to the transmission, bad grounding and other non-physical interruption faults. In the ZXG10-BSS (V2) system, if BSC receives the signals from BTS but BTS does not receive the signals from BSC, OMCR will indicate that the transmission is normal (judged by whether BSC receives the signal).

iii. Faults occurring at the MS may be caused by the following factors:

The MS is not located at the proper place. The quality of the signal is too poor or the level is too low.

Deficient MS battery capacity causes its receiving capability to decrease.



5. The fault location flow of BS is as shown in Figure 67.

F I G U R E 67 BS F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T

Start

Trace the Abis interfacesignaling and observe whether

there is any channel request

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

End

NO

YES

Observe whether theMS is powered on

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

Charge the MS

Select an open or farawaylocation and re-conduct

the dialing test

Check whether parameterssuch as LAN and cell codesare consistent at the MSS

side and the BSS side

Whether wireless parametersneed adjustment

Whether the CLK indicator ofthe CMM module is normal

Whether the 13M clock is normal

Whether transmission is normal

Replace the TRM module

Adjust parameters such asLAC and cell code to ensure

parameter consistency atboth sides

Adjust wireless parameters

Replace the CMM module

Use LMT to calibrate the clock

Remove the transmission fault

6. Troubleshooting

i. Start signaling trace of OMCR performance management to trace the Abis interface messages. If no channel request messages occur in the cell, the fault is at the network side, otherwise it is at the MS.

ii. MS Troubleshooting:

Test whether the battery supply is deficient. If yes, please charge it.

If not, move the MS to the open land or the place near to the BS to test again.



iii. Network side troubleshooting:

Check whether LAC and cell code at the MSS side are configured consistently with those at the BSS side. If abnormal, please modify it. Otherwise please proceed with the next step.

Adjust related wireless parameters, set the RACH busy-threshold and random access error threshold a little lower than the current value, lower the MS minimum receiving signal level, set “Cell access permitted” as “Yes”. If the fault still stays there, please proceed with the next step.

View the CLK indicator of the CMM on site, if the green indicator is on, the module is normal (the network synchronization is in locked status); if the red indicator is on, replace the CMM.

Use LMT to view whether the frequency difference the clock outputs is within the specified range if the indicator of the CMM is normal.

Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission alarms exist. Check whether the transmission grounding is good enough and whether transmission alarms occur in the TIC board of BSC and the CMM at the BTS side. In addition, test the transmission bit error when necessary.

Replace the ETRM to see if faults occur to the ETRM.

iv. If the fault is not solved after the above operations, please report the fault to the local maintenance office.

7. Precautions

None.

Handling of SWR Major Alarms 1. Symptom

The major alarm of the standing wave ratio of the combiner occurs on the OMCR alarm background and no output signals appear in the carrier connected to the combiner.

2. Source

The severity alarm of the standing wave ratio of the combiner occurs in the fault management of the background O&M system.

3. Related parts

AEM, ETRM and the antenna feeder system


The alarm may be caused by:

i. The standing wave ratio of the antenna feeder system of the combiner is so large that it overruns the 3.0 threshold value.

ii. The alarm cable from the AEM to ETRM or the one from ETRM to CRM may not be connected properly since the standing wave ratio alarm of AEM is reported to the CMM through the ETRM.

iii. Open circuit or high impedance occurs in the external port of the combiner.



5. The AEM fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 68.

F I G U R E 68 AEM F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W

Remotely reset the TRM module

Remotely reset the CMMmodule

Whether the alarm disappears

Whether the TRM module isinserted properly

Ensure good contactbetween the TRM module

and the backplane

Whether the CMMindicator is normal Replace the CMM module

Whether the SWR level-1alarm indicator on the AEM

module panel is on

Remove the fault ofthe antenna feeder system

Whether the alarm disappears

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

End

Start

Whether the SWRminor alarms occur at the

same time

YES

NO

Replace the CMM module



6. Troubleshooting

i. Check the time when the alarm occurs and carefully observe whether the minor alarm of the standing wave ratio occurs at the same time. If yes, see whether the AEM needs to be replaced considering fault may occur at the test circuit of the standing wave ratio. If not, go on to the next step.

ii. If permitted (in the case of little traffic or influence), remotely reset the ETRM the AEM corresponds to at OMCR to see whether the alarm will disappear, if not, go on to the next step.

iii. If permitted (in the case of little traffic or influence), remotely reset the BS (reset the CMM) to see whether the alarm will disappear, if not, go on to the next step.

iv. Go to the BS site to check whether the ETRM is contacted with the backplane properly. After the fault is eliminated, go on to the next step.

v. Check if the panel indicator of the CMM module is normal; if not, try to replace the CMM module.

vi. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, check the standing wave ratio of the jumper, master feeder and antenna from the combiner output interface section by section until the reason why the standing wave ratio is getting worse is found: Whether the connectors between the set top hopper, master feeder and antenna are in poor contact or the leakage from poor encapsulation. At last, consult Appendix A to replace the faulty parts until the faults are eliminated.

7. Precautions

None.

Poor Conversation Quality at BS 1. Symptom

After the MS is powered on, it can find its network and the caller and the called can both get through each other. But the voice quality is too poor and distinct noises occur in the conversation.

2. Source

Faults occur in dialing.

3. Related parts

Wireless parameters of OMCR, the antenna feeder system, RF cable and CMM modules.

4. Analysis and locating

If the MS can make phone calls, it means the signaling channel is normal.

Poor voice quality is caused by the high voice bit error at the wireless interface, which is caused by low receiving level, clock faults or co-channel interference. In the BS21 (V2.2) equipment, the conversation



quality will be influenced by the wrong configuration of the DIP switch of the E1 matched resistance on the CMM board.

The low receiving level may be caused by the following factors:

i. Inappropriate parameter configuration

Such as the MS maximum transmission power MSTXMAXCCH upon access in the cell radio parameters and the MS maximum transmission power MSTXPWRMAX used for power control.

ii. Faulty antenna feeder system.

Such as the abnormal standing wave ratio, improperly set orientation and descending angle or acute descending of the antenna causing the aberration of the field intensity and making the coverage unpredictable.

iii. Low BS transmission power.

5. The fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 69.

F I G U R E 69 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R P O O R C O N V E R S AT I O N QU AL I T Y F AU L T S

Start

Whether thedownlink signal is

too low

Whether the uplinksignal is too poor

Whether the clockis normal

Whether the E1DIP switch of the

CMM is setcorrectly

Whether theTRM-AEM RF cableconnection is reliable

Whether the SWRlevel-1 alarm indicatoron the AEM module

panel is on

Whether the outputpower of the PA is

normal

Remove the faultof the antenna

feeder fault

Calibrate CKU andreplace the CMM

YESNO

YES

Adjust powercontrol and

replace the TRMmodule

NONO

YES

YES

Whether thereexists co-frequency

interference

End

Correctly set the E1DIP switch

Adjust the frequencypoint data

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YESWhether the antenna

direction angle and theelevation angle are

normal

Adjust the antennadirection angle andthe elevation angle

NOWhether the

TRM-AEM RF cableconnection is reliable

Remove theconnection problembetween the divider

and the TRM

NO

Whether the wirelessparameters are rational

Adjust wirelessparameters

NO

YES

Remove theTRM-AEMconnectionproblems



6. Troubleshooting

i. View the signal intensity of the MS. If the intensity is low, the receiving level is too low. Follow the steps below to eliminate the faults.

Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM is connected normally. If not, please connect them again. Otherwise, go on to the next step.

Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, check the standing wave ratio of the jumper, master feeder and antenna from the combiner output interface section by section until the reason why the standing wave ratio is getting worse is found: Whether the connectors between the set top hopper, master feeder and antenna are in poor contact or the leakage from poor encapsulation. At last, consult Appendix A to replace the faulty parts until the faults are eliminated. If the alarm indicator is still off, proceed with the next step.

View whether the orientation and the pitch angle are normal. If abnormal, adjust the antenna, otherwise, proceed with the next step.

Measure the PA output power to confirm whether it is much lower than the normal value (please refer to “Measuring Amplifier Output Power” for its testing method). If the output power is abnormal, adjust the power control. If still too low, replace the ETRM. Otherwise, skip into Step 3.

ii. View the measure report from BTS. If it is the uplink level difference, follow the steps below to eliminate the fault.

Check whether the wireless parameters are configured properly from the background. Focus on checking the MS maximum transmission power MSTXMAXCCH upon access in the cell wireless parameters (Path: wireless resource configuration cell modify wireless parameters) and the MS maximum transmission power

MSTXPWRMAX used for power control (Path: wireless resource configuration cell changeover control parameter other parameters); In the GSM 900 network, set these two parameters as 33 dBm while in the GSM 1800 network, they are set as 30 dBm; If parameters are set correctly, go on to the next step;

Check whether the RF cable between the combiner and the ETRM is connected normally, if abnormal, please connect them again. Otherwise, go on to the next step.

iii. View whether clock alarms occur at the CMM, or go to the site to view the CLK indicator of the CMM. If its green indicator is on, the module is normal (the network synchronization is in locked status). If the red indicator is on, replace the CMM. If the indicator is normal, use LMT to view whether the frequency error the 13M clock outputs is within the specified range.

iv. If the clock is normal, check whether phase-locked loop alarms occur at the ETRM. If yes, replace the ETRM. Otherwise, go on to the next step.



v. Correctly set the E1 DIP switch of the CMM (For coaxial cables, set it as 75 Ω)

vi. Check whether co-channel interference occurs. If yes, please adjust the frequency.

7. Precautions

None.

Troubleshooting in BS Maintenance Stage Shrinkage of BS Coverage 1. Symptom

The shrinkage of BS coverage somewhat results in the blind area within a certain range: Calls can not be made where the calls can be made formerly and poor signal quality or no signals occur where the signal quality is good originally, and call drops increase obviously.

2. Source

Find the fault when making a phone call.

3. Related parts

Antenna feeder system, parameter settings, ETRM modules and environment influence.

4. Analysis and locating

Many technical indexes such as system frequency, sensitivity and power or geography and electromagnetic environment may directly influence the coverage of the BS. Normally, the technical indexes of the system is comparatively stable. The BS constructed in an unfavorable environment, maintained improperly or its poor quality may influence its coverage.

The following factors will influence the coverage of the BS: Too low power amplifier output, decreased receiver sensitivity, inclined azimuth angle, changed antenna pitch angle, changed gain and height, feeder cable or combiner loss, changed working frequency and transmission environment and diversity reception.



5. Fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 70.

F I G U R E 70 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T O F S H R I N K AG E O F BS C O V E R AG E

Start

YES

NO

Whether the antenna isdamaged

YES

Replace the antenna

Whether there are changes tothe wireless parameters

Adjust wirelessparameters

YES

NO

Whether there exist stronginterference sources in the

surrounding

Reduce theinfluence

of externalinterference

YES

Check whether the TRM-AEMRF cable connection is reliable

Remove theTRM-AEM cable

connection problems

NO

End

NO

Check whether the SWRlevel-1 alarm indicator on the

AEM module panel is on

Remove the faultof the antennafeeder system

NO

YES

YES

Whether the output powerof the PA is normal

YES

Adjust powercontrol and

replace the TRM

NO

Check whether thereare obstacles inthe surrounding

Whether the antennadirection angle and the elevation

angle are changed

Adjust the antennadirection angle andits mounting height

NO

YES

NO




6. Troubleshooting

i. Check whether the level threshold of the RACH receiving signal has changed. If the threshold is much greater than before, it may reduce the BS coverage.

ii. Check whether there exists strong interference, which will reduce the receiving sensitivity and coverage of BS.

iii. Check whether the loss from the leakage of RF signal is caused by the improper RF cable connection between the ETRM and the AEM.

iv. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, check the standing wave ratio of the jumper, main feeder and antenna from the AEM outlet section by section until the reason why the standing wave ratio is getting worse is found. The connectors between the set bottom jumper, main feeder and antenna not contacted properly or feeder cable leakage will reduce the transmission power to influence coverage. At last, refer to Appendix A and replace the faulty parts until the fault is eliminated.

v. Check if the output power of PA has decreased. If abnormal, adjust the power control. If still too low, replace the ETRM.

vi. Check whether other antennas or obstacles exist around the antenna. If yes, adjust the azimuth angle and height of the antenna in time to lessen the influence.

vii. Check whether the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the antenna have changed since the deviation of them will cause smaller BS coverage. Please adjust them in time after confirming the fault.

viii. Use the power meter to check whether the lower transmission power of the antenna is caused by the negative leakage of the directional antenna. If yes, please replace the antenna in time.

7. Precautions

Consider the following cases if the BS coverage is found to be poorer during BS expansion.

i. Whether different types of couplers are used since if the type or number of them is different, the generated attenuation will also be different.

ii. Check whether the new antenna is installed as required, such as azimuth angle and inclination angle, mounting height and whether the coverage of the main antenna and the diversity is in consistency, deviation from which may result in unstable coverage effect when subscribers occupy different antennas.

iii. Check whether the receiving sensitivity of BS is normal.



Cell Carrier not Occupied 1. Symptom

In dynamic data management, it is found this carrier is never occupied by traffic, while the other states of it remain normal.

Use the test mobile-phone to conduct dialing test to the BS and we find the frequency of the carrier cannot be occupied all the time.

The symptom mentioned above can be further subdivided into the following cases:

i. The carrier is not occupied. But after blocking the other TCH carriers, the time slot of the carrier can be occupied normally.

ii. The carrier is not occupied. But after the other TCH carriers are blocked, the time slot of the carrier still cannot be occupied normally.

iii. The carrier is not occupied. But after other TCH carriers are blocked, time slot of the carrier can be occupied transitorily and released.

2. Source

Find the faults when observing the dynamic data management of the background O&M system and try the dialing test.

3. Related parts

The connection between the ETRM and the backplane, the RF cable of the ETRM and the AEM, the RF cable of the dividers of the ETRM and of the AEM and ETRM modules.


For the above three symptoms, the respective causes that make the carrier not occupied are:

i. According to the TCH assignment algorithm of the ZTE BSC, if a time slot is assigned unsuccessfully, the priority of the time slot will be decreased and other carrier slots will be firstly assigned in the next assignment. The time slot can not be assigned until the traffic gets heavier. So after other carriers are blocked, the time slot of this carrier can be occupied normally.

ii. The pin of the carrier is in poor contact with the backplane (especially during BS debugging). At this time, the time slot of this carrier can still not be occupied normally after the other TCH carriers are blocked while the status observed from the dynamic data management is normal.

iii. The output power of this carrier or PA is lower than that of other carriers. In this case, forcedly occupying the carrier’ time slot after other carriers are blocked may cause the time slot of the carrier to be occupied transitorily and then released.




F I G U R E 71 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R C E L L C AR R I E R N O T BE I N G OC C U P I E D

Start

Whether TRU-PA-AEM RFcable connection is reliable

Whether the PA outputpower is too low

NO

YES

Adjust power controland replace the TRM

NO

YES

NO

Whether the carriercan only be occupied for

a short time

Whether the carrier is notoccupied for a long time

Block the TCH channelof other carriers

Unblock the TCHchannel of other

carriers

Remotely reset theTRM

Whether the fault issolved

NO

Whether divider-TRU RFcable connection is reliable

Remove the TRU-divider connection

problems

Remove theTRU-PA-AEM

connection problems

Whether the TRM isinserted tightly

Insert the TRMmodule tightly

Replace the TRMmodule

YES

YES

End

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

6. Troubleshooting

i. Observe the time slot occupancy in dynamic data management to confirm whether it has not been occupied for a long time.

ii. At night, when the traffic gets less, block the TCH slots of the other carriers by blocking the logic channel.

iii. Observe the time slot occupancy of the carrier, if there are TCHs occupied stably for a long time, the fault may be caused by the improper algorithm assignment. Not changing the carrier eagerly, go on observing to see whether the fault still occurs and the performance indexes of the current cell decrease.

iv. If the time slot is transitorily occupied (with 10 seconds), consider whether faulty time slots occur at the carrier. Remotely reset the carrier, and continue observing it. If still so, go to the site to test the PA output power or the receiving level of the test mobile phone. If the PA output power of the carrier is lower than that of other carriers, adjust the power control. If the fault still stays there, consider replacing the ETRM. If the ETRM functions well, check



whether the receiving RF cables of the two RX of ETRM are properly connected with the RF combiner.

v. If the carrier is still not be occupied after other carriers are blocked, it is necessary to go to the site to check whether the RF cable between ETRM and AEM is firmly connected. In addition, check whether the ETRM is tightly inserted in the backplane. If necessary, replace its location with that of another carrier.

7. Precautions

Be careful not to block the SDCCH channel when blocking the TCH time slots of other carriers.

LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier Carr ier LAPD Broken- l ink at a Si te 1. Symptom

Observed from dynamic data management, the carrier LAPD broken-link occurs at a site.

2. Source

The fault is detected during observing dynamic data management.

3. Related parts

BSC, backplane, ETRM, and transmission equipment.


The fault may be caused by:

i. Defective backplane connection.

ii. Faulty ETRM.

iii. BSC-side hardware fault.

iv. Transmission failure.




F I G U R E 72 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R C AR R I E R L APD B R O K E N -L I N K AT A S I T E

Remove thetransmission fault

Handle the board alarmat the BSC side

Correctly connectE1

Start

Reset the CMM

Whether foreground-background connection

times out

YES

NO

Check whether E1connection is normal

YES

NO

Check whether BSC hasboard alarms

YES

NO

Whether transmission hasfaults

YES

NO

Whether the LAPD ofthe TRM at the same layer

is broken

YES

NO

Remove the backplanefault

Reset or replacethe TRM

End

6. Troubleshooting

i. Remotely reset the CMM to reset the BS. If the system indicates “connection timeout”, the communication link from OMCR to the CMM of the BS is broken.

ii. Check whether the alarm occurs at all FUCs in the BS. If yes, follow the steps below to eliminate the fault:

Check whether the E1 line is correctly connected.



If yes, check whether alarms occur at the TIC board, LAPD board and BOSN board. If yes, eliminate the corresponding faults.

Implement transmission self-loop at the BSC side. If the alarm of the LAPD broken-link disappears, the BSC-side equipment is normal.

Check whether faults occur during transmission. Use a BER tester to measure the bit error ratio of the transmission. If abnormal, eliminate the transmission fault including transmission equipment and grounding faults.

iii. If LAPD broken-links only occur at one ETRM layer, check whether the backplane cable is correctly connected.

iv. If LAPD broken-links only occur at a ETRM, reset the ETRM. If the fault still stays there, replace the ETRM module.

7. Precautions

No transmission alarms occurring at the BSC side does not mean the transmission is normal, since the transmission alarm of BSC only appears in the case of broken physical connection, while the transmission bit error or poor grounding does not result in alarms.

Wide-spread Transient Interrupt ion of BS Carr ier LAPD 1. Symptom

LAPD broken-link occurs in some base stations at nearly the same time and automatically gets normal in 10 ~ 20 seconds without any handling.

2. Source

The background O&M system reports related alarms.

3. Related parts

Faults between MP and the LAPD board, transmission equipment.


The fault is caused by:

i. Interrupted or unstable transmission (intermittent) interrupts the BS LAPD, which features transmission alarms or alarm records.

ii. The faults between the internal MP of BSC and the LAPD board result in the transiently interrupted LAPD link, which features the strict consistency of the LAPD interruption time with its recovery time (accurate to the second level) on the carrier of the same LAPD board, while different LAPD boards have a little difference in interruption time and recovery time.

iii. The BS-side CMM reset causes the LAPD to be transitorily interrupted, which features the little difference between the carrier LAPD interruption time and its recovery time of the BS (about several seconds).




F I G U R E 73 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R W I D E -S P R E AD TR AN S I E N T I N T E R R U P T I O N O F BS C AR R I E R L APD

Start

Reset the LAPD board

YES

Whether there aretransmission alarms

End


Replace the LAPDboard

Remove thetransmission fault

YES

NO

NO

Analyze and confirmthe fault

LAPD board

6. Troubleshooting

i. Check whether transmission alarms occur during LAPD interruption. If yes, check whether the E1 interface is contacted reliably, whether faults occur in the transmission grounding, whether alarms occur in the transmission equipment, and eliminate the corresponding faults.

ii. Analyze the LAPD interruption and recovery time to find the faulty LAPD board and reset it. If the reset is not effective, replace the LAPD board.

iii. The system will automatically become normal without any handling if the LAPD interruption is caused by resetting the CMM.

7. Precautions

Check the attributes of related carriers in equipment configuration to judge whether the carriers are of the same LAPD board.



Faults in a LAPD Board 1. Symptom

Broken links occur on the carrier LAPD of some base stations at the same time, and no alarms occur in BSC and related base stations.

2. Source

The background O&M system reports related alarms.

3. Related parts

The LAPD board at the BSC side.


If broken links occur on the carrier LAPD of some cells at the same time, check the relations between these cells, paying special attention to whether they are connected with the same LAPD board.


F I G U R E 74 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R LAPD B O AR D

Start

Reset the LAPD board

YES

End


Replace the LAPDboard

NO

Analyze and confirma certain LAPD board

fault

6. Troubleshooting

i. Judge whether the carrier LAPD channels of the cells mentioned above are handled by the same LAPD board.

ii. If yes, reset the LAPD board. If the reset is ineffective, please replace the LAPD board.



7. Precautions

Check the attributes of related carriers in equipment configuration to judge whether the carriers are of the same LAPD board.

BS in Normal Status but BS Handover Is Abnormal 1. Symptom

BS is normal but can not hand over with the adjacent cells.

2. Source

The fault is detected in dynamic data management.

3. Related parts

Handover cells of OMCR, the setting of the handover parameters and the clock unit of CMM.


Data or hardware faults may trouble the handover of the mobile phone.

i. Adjacent cells are improperly set.

ii. Improper handover parameter settings.

iii. Deviation occurs in the BS clock.




F I G U R E 75 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W F O R A N O R M AL BS B U T W I T H AB N O R M AL BS H AN D O V E R

Start

YES

NO

YES

End

Change the clocksynchronization mode

NO

Adjust the handoverparameter

Whether there are clock alarms

Remake adjacentcell data

Use LMT to check the13M clock and calibrate it

Reset the CMM

Whether handover is normal

NO

NO

YES

Whether the handoverparameter is proper

Whether performance indicesare normal

Handle them properlyaccording to

the abnormal indices

NO

YES

6. Troubleshooting

i. Check whether the performance indexes of the current cell are normal.

ii. Check whether the handover data of the current cell with the adjacent cells are correct. If yes, delete the data of the adjacent cells and configure it again. If the fault remains, go on to the next step.



iii. Check whether there is any alarm information about the clock fault at the background. If there are 8 K clock alarms or other alarm information, reset and restart the base station (just by resetting the CMM module); if this method does not work, modify the clock synchronization mode of the BS at the background (from internal synchronization to the external synchronization).

iv. Use the frequency meter to view whether the frequency difference the 13 M clock outputs is within the specified range at the front panel of the BS21 (V2.2) rack. If abnormal, use LMT to calibrate the clock.

7. Precautions

Introduce the precautions during troubleshooting of this fault.

Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults 1. Symptom

After thunder storm, the BS breaks down.

2. Source

Find the fault through the board indicator and the alarms of the background O&M system.

3. Related parts

BS power supply, transmission equipment, CMM module and CMM backplane.


The fault is caused by board faults from the lightning strike. Experience shows that the faults caused by lightning strike include:

i. Damaged -48 V BS power supply.

ii. Damaged BS transmission.

iii. Damaged BS CMM module.

iv. Damaged CMM backplane.




F I G U R E 76 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R L I G H T N I N G -S T R I C K E N BS

Conduct E1 self-loop atthe BSC side

Whether the TICboard has any

transmission alarm

Start

Whether the CMMhas any fault

Replace the backplane

Whether transmissionhas any fault

End

Whether the -48 DCpower is normal

Remove thepower supply

fault

Replace theCMM module

Remove thetransmission

fault

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

6. Troubleshooting

Check the possibly damaged parts one by one.

i. Check whether the power supply can be normally powered on and whether its -48 V power can meet the requirements.

ii. Check whether the transmission is normal.

Self-loop the E1 line to the BSC to see whether transmission alarms occur at the BSC side. If yes, the fault occurs during transmission.

iii. If not, the transmission is not certainly normal. Use the following steps to judge whether the faults occur on the CMM boards or the transmission lines.



Disconnect the inlet and the outlet of E1 at the BTS side to see whether the red SYN light in CMM is always on. If not, replace the CMM module.

Self-loop E1 line at the BTS side to observe the status of the red SYN light in CMM. If it is always on, replace the E1 interface line of the set bottom. If it does not work, replace the CMM. If it is not on, the inlet and outlet of BTS E1 are normal. Proceed with next step to check whether transmission faults occur.

Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission alarms occur. Check whether the transmission grounding is good enough. Test the transmission bit error when necessary.

iv. Under the most unfavorable conditions, replace the CMM backplane.

7. Precautions

Make sure to self-loop the E1 line to the BSC through the transmission equipment at the BS.

MS Signal is not Stable in Idle State 1. Symptom

In idle state, the receiving signals of mobile phones fluctuate. Sometimes signals suddenly disappear and appear again after a moment.

2. Source


3. Related parts

The location of the mobile phone, reselection parameter setting, ETRM and AEM modules.


Without considering the quality and unstable performance caused by the long use of the mobile phone, the change of the receiving signal level of the mobile phone reflects the change of the local wireless signal intensity. The factors that influence the wireless signal intensity of a place include:

i. Landform.

ii. Unstable BS transmission equipment. For example, when the ETRM PA bearing the BCCH frequency works unstably or the RF connection from ETRM to AEM is unreliable, the transmission power of the ETRM will be unstable which will result in the unstable phone signal.

iii. Cell reselection leads to the change of signal receiving intensity of the mobile phone.




F I G U R E 77 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R U N S T AB L E MS S I G N AL I N I D L E S T AT E

Adjust the settingof the re-selected

parameters

Start

End

YES

YES

YES

Whether the PA outputpower is normal

NOReplace the TRMmodule

Whether the TRM-AEMRF cable is reliably

connected

Reliably connectthe TRM-AEM

RF cable

NO

Whether the re-selectedparameters are proper

NO

YES

Whether there are obstaclesin the surrounding

NO Adjust the antennadirection angle, mounting

height and otherperformance indices

6. Troubleshooting

i. Analyze whether that place is covered by multiple overlapped cells. If yes, check the reselection relations and reselection parameter settings between cells. Reset the cell reselection relations since the improper setting of it may cause the mobile phone to drop out of the network and access again.

ii. Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM is connected normally. If abnormal, please connect them again.

iii. Test the PA output power and observe whether the test signal level fluctuates too large, to judge whether the BS transmission equipment is working stably. If yes, attempt to replace the ETRM module.

iv. Check the landform around the mobile phone within 500 meters. According to the radio wave transmission theory, if multiple obstacles exist, the receiving signal will be the overlap of various reflection waves, which will cause the brief fading (rayleigh fading) and a 10 dBm ~ 20 dBm change to the receiving signal. If obstacles really exist near the mobile phone, please adjust the azimuth angle and the height of the antenna.

7. Precautions

None.



Unstable MS Signal in Conversation 1. Symptom

Unstable MS Signal in conversation.

2. Source


3. Related parts

ETRM module, RF connection and the antenna feeder system.


i. If the TCH and BCCH occupied by MS are not of the same carrier and the ETRM where the TCH is in is working unstably, it will cause the MS to present strong signals in idle state and weak signal in conversation.

ii. Too frequent MS handover (ping-pong handover) will cause unstable MS signals in conversation.


F I G U R E 78 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R U N S T AB L E MS S I G N AL S I N C O N V E R S AT I O N

Reset the TRM

Whether theTRM-AEM RF cableis reliably connected

Start

Replace the TRMmodule

End

Whether exceptionsoccur at some timeslots

of a certain carrier

Remove thepower supply

fault

Reliably connectthe TRM-AEM

RF cable

YES

NO

YES

NO



6. Troubleshooting

i. Check whether the unstable signal occurs at some time slots of a carrier or multiple carriers in dynamic data management (or use a mobile phone to perform the on-site dialing test).

ii. If the unstable signal occurs at some time slots of a carrier, check the fault according to the following steps:

Reset the carrier.

Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM and that between the divider and the ETRM are connected normally. If abnormal, please connect them again.

Replace the ETRM.

iii. If the unstable signal occurs at multiple carriers of the cell, eliminate the fault following the steps below.

Check whether the main and the diversity antennas of the abnormal cell are consistent in the orientation and pitch angle. If not, please adjust them in time.

Measure the standing wave ratio of the antenna feeder system and eliminate the symptom such as abnormal connections of the connectors of the antenna feeder system or water leakage of the feeder cable.

7. Precautions

None.

TCH Assigned with Low Success Ratio and Calls Are Difficult to Get through 1. Symptom

The calls in a cell are always difficult to get through. The TCH is assigned with a low success ratio (only about 30% ~ 40%), but it will recover after a period of time.

2. Source

Find the fault in making a phone or observing the dynamic data management.

3. Related parts

ETRM module and the feeder cable connected with ETRM.


That the TCH is assigned with a low success ratio but can be occupied indicates the data is configured correctly. Maybe the fault occurs on the hardware and its connection.




F I G U R E 79 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R LO W TCH AS S I G N M E N T S U C C E S S R AT I O AN D P H O N E S B E I N G D I F F I C U L T T O GE T TH R O U G H

Start

NO

YES Whether the alarm issolved

Handle accordinglybased on the alarm

information

Confirm the faultycarrier and TCH

Whether the TRM-AEMRF cable is reliably

connected

Reliably connect theTRM-AEM RF cable

NO

YES

End

NO

NO

Whether the fault is solved

Reset the TRM

Replace the AEMmodule


Whether the fault is solvedYES

YES

6. Troubleshooting

i. Select an appropriate time when the traffic is not too large or too little to block all TCHs of other carriers except one TCH in dynamic



data management by blocking the logic channels. Observe whether the calls can be made normally and check them in turn until the faulty ETRM and TCH are located.

ii. If alarms occur, handle the fault according to the alarm information.

iii. Otherwise, follow the steps below to eliminate the fault.

Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM, and that between the two-channel receiving signals of ETRM and the AEM divider output end are normal. If abnormal, please connect them again.

Reset ETRM. If the problem is not solved, replace the ETRM.

If the ETRM is normal, replace the AEM.

7. Precautions

None.

MS Echo during Conversation 1. Symptom

MS echoes occur in conversation.

2. Source


3. Related parts

Handover parameters, ETRM module.



i. Faults occur at the echo suppressor set between PLMN and PSTN network.

ii. Echoes will appear if the TC unit, which implements transcoding and rate adaptation at the BSC side, goes wrong.

iii. The transmission circuit of MS goes wrong.

iv. Echoes can also be caused by the loop from the careless daily maintenance of the circuits of the A interface and Abis interface.

v. The voice decoding part in the ETRM module goes defective, which may also lead to echoes.




F I G U R E 80 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T F O R MS E C H O E S I N C O N V E R S AT I O N

Whether there is aloop at interface Aand interface Abis

Start

YES

YES

NO

Remove the faultof the ECequipment

Replace theTRM module

YES

NO

YES

Remove the echoproblem caused by the

MS fault

Replace theTRM module

End

Whether the echoproblem is solved

YES

NO

Whether the fault occursonly when PLMN and

PSTN network users areon a call

Reset and replacethe DRT (EDRT)

board

6. Troubleshooting

i. Eliminate the MS fault which causes echoes.

ii. Confirm whether echoes only occur on the PLMN and PSTN subscribers in their conversation. If yes, the EC may go wrong.

iii. Check whether loops occur at the A interface and Abis interface. If yes, cancel the loop.

iv. Try replacing the ETRM.

v. Check whether alarms appear in DRT (EDRT) at BSC side, if yes, reset the board. If ineffective, try replacing the DRT (EDRT) board.

7. Precautions

None.



Troubleshooting in BS Cutover and Expansion Stages Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls 1. Symptom

Unidirectional call occurs to mobile phones.

2. Source


3. Related parts

The configuration data of MSC, BOSN board of BSC, ETRM and AEM modules.



i. Wrong MSC data configuration.

ii. Wrong PCM time slot connection between BSC and MSC or BOSN time slot of BSC connection error.

iii. The downlink field intensity is imbalanced in the marginal area covered by the BS.

iv. The transmitting and receiving of the antenna is reversed.




F I G U R E 81 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T O F U N I D I R E C T I O N AL M O B I L E P H O N E C AL L S

Start

YES

YES

End

Whether the faultoccurs in theentire MSC

Whether wirelessparameters are set

correctly

Whether singlepass occurs at a

fixed timeslot


Adjust the wirelessparameters

Whether the faultoccurs in theentire BSC

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

Confirm thefault occurs at

a BS

YES

NO

Confirm theconfiguration data at

the MSC side

Conduct active/standbyhandover to the BOSNboard and replace the

BOSN board

Correct the connectionbetween the receiving

and transmittingantennae

Whether the receivingand transmitting

antennae are connectedreversely

Remotely resetthe TRM and

replace the TRM

6. Troubleshooting

i. Confirm the coverage where the symptom appears. If it appears within the whole MSC range, consider checking whether the equipment buyer or other related personnel have modified the MSC data and related cutover operations during the cutover period. Otherwise, go on to the next step.

ii. Confirm whether the symptom appears within the whole MSC range or in quite a few base stations. If yes, switch the active/standby BOSN boards of the BSC. After that, test again to see whether the problem still exists.

iii. Confirm whether the symptom appears within the area covered by a certain BS. If yes, check the wireless parameters of the cell such as whether the maximal transmission power of the mobile phone is



correct. And then use the mobile phone for test to perform on-site dialing test. Check whether a time slot of a carrier is occupied constantly and is irrelevant to the specified time slot when unidirectional get-through occurs. If yes, maybe faults occur at some time slots of the carrier. Remotely reset the carrier or replace ETRM.

iv. If none of the above operations works, consider replacing the AEM module.

7. Precautions

None.

SDCCH Occupied too Long 1. Symptom

Trace and observe the occupancy of the SDCCH channel in OMCR dynamic data management and find that SDCCH is congested and occupied for too long.

2. Source

Find the fault when observing the dynamic data management of the background O&M system.

3. Related parts

Parameter settings of OMCR, the ETRM where SDCCH is in, the DIP setting of the TIC board at the BSC side.



i. SMS problems

Sending too many SMs causes SDCCH congestion.

ii. Border problems of the location area

When a cell is located on the border of the location area, in which the traffic may be heavy, resulting in frequent location update and causing a congested signaling channel.

iii. Too concentrated traffic

Too heavy traffic in the cell, signaling channels configured too little, relevant parameters of the C2 algorithm configured improperly, parameter T3122 (protection period of the access attempt), T3212 (periodic location update timer).

iv. Hardware fault

Judged from experience, either it is related to the carrier where SDCCH is in or big bit error exists in the transmission.




F I G U R E 82 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W C H AR T O F SDCCH BE I N G OC C U P I E D T O O LO N G

Start

Whether there are toomany short messages

Add configuration of theSDCCH channel

Add CRH value andconfiguration of the

SDCCH channel

Whether the traffic istoo centralized

Adjust T3122 and T3212timer and parameters that

affect C2 value

Check whether theTIC DIP switch is

correctCorrectly set the DIP

switch

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

YES

Replace the TRM module

NO

NO

Whether SDCCHcongestion is solved

NO

YES

Conduct signaling tracingand re-locate the fault

End

Remove the transmissionfault

YES

NO

Whether it is due to toofrequent location updates

at the LAC border

Use the bit error tester tomeasure whether there arebit errors in transmission

6. Troubleshooting

i. Judge whether too many short messages cause SDCCH to be congested. If yes, adjust the ratio of SDCCH with TCH and add SDCCHs according to the traffic of TCH. For example, configure 8 SDCCH/8 sub-channels for 2 TRXs, and configure 8 SDCCH/8 sub-channels and 4 SDCCH/4 sub-channels for 3 TRXs.

ii. Judge whether the SDCCH congestion is caused by the LAC border. If yes but congestion is not severe, increase the CRH parameter (cell reselection hysteresis) to 6 or 7 (the reselection hysteresis level is 12 dB or 14 dB). That is, only when the signal level of the adjacent cell (the location area is different from the current area) is



12 dB or 14 dB greater than that of the current cell, does MS start the cell selection. Adjust the ratio of SDCCH with TCH and add SDCCHs if it does not produce distinct effects.

iii. Judge whether the SDCCH congestion is caused by the over-concentrated traffic. If yes, try adjusting the following parameters:

Increase T3122 to 15 s ~ 25 s to prevent subscribers from frequently sending channel request messages to increase the load of RACH and CCCH in the case of deficient system resources.

Increase T3212 by setting it as 3 or 6 hours for the area with medium traffic, setting it as 16 or 20 even 25 hours for the area with a large traffic. For the area with a traffic which severely overruns the capacity of the system, T3212 should be set as 0.

Adjust the related parameters influencing the C2 value to make it smaller (the C2 parameter has to be activated), which will reduce the valid coverage of the cell to reduce the traffic of the cell and the difficulty for MS to select the cell, making the calls established in the adjacent cells as possibly as you can. For example, increase RxLAMin (minimum receiving level allowable for access) by setting it as 12 (-99 dBm ~ -98 dBm) or decrease the Cell Reset Offset value.

iv. Eliminate the hardware faults.

Confirm whether the TIC board was replaced at the BSC side recently and check whether the DIP switch of it is configured correctly. According to experiences, the incorrect matching impedance of the DIP switch will cause big bit errors to be transmitted. BS may have a great capability of anti-bit-error, but the bit errors can still be measured by the bit error tester.

Test the availability of TCH to confirm the unstable carrier module. Replace the unstable carrier module to avoid the problem caused by a time slot of the carrier (DSP chip).

7. Precautions

i. Set T3122 as little as possible, usually 10 s, when little traffic is in the channel.

ii. Do not set RxLAMin too large. Otherwise, “Blind area” will appear on the border of the cells. We suggest that it should not surpass -90 dBm.

iii. The value of the T3212 parameter should be relevant to the location upgrade parameter in MSC/VLR. Setting it as larger than the parameter in VLR may make MS unable to access the network.

iv. If the SAGEM mobile phone is used for testing, the phenomenon may appear, but the phenomenon does not appear in the other test mobile-phones.



Call Drop Rate in Cell Rises Suddenly 1. Symptom

The call drop rate in a cell rises suddenly.

2. Source

Find the fault in dialing and analyzing the performance report.

3. Related parts

Parameter setting, ETRM, AEM and the antenna feeder system.



v. Call drop due to coverage.

Too good wireless transmission and high power of the on-serving cell result in the too large coverage, which surpass the coverage of the adjacent cell B to reach the cell C, while the current cell does not define the adjacent cell C. At this time, if the MS hands over according to the adjacent cell B provided by the original on-serving cell, call drop may occur since it can not find appropriate cells. This phenomenon usually appears in the place where BSs are densely constructed.

A “hole” which is not covered by the wireless signal appears on the border of two cells.

The shadow of the tall buildings will cause the mobile signals to attenuate rapidly and handover not to be done in time, which results in call drop.

The incomplete definition of the adjacent cells causes the MS to be held in the current cell. If the MS is beyond the coverage border of the cell, call drop will occur.

vi. Call drop due to handover.

The lower handover limit IRXLEVULH and IRXLEVDLH are configured too high. When the receiving level of the mobile phone is lower than the lower handover limit, some handover requests may fail for the too weak signal intensity of the cell to be handed over, resulting in call drop.

T3103 is set too small. When BSC issues the handover command to BTS, if T3103 does not receive the response from BTS until time-out, BSC judges that wireless link failure occurs in the source cell. At the same time, it releases the channel of the source cell, resulting in call drop.

Improper HOMAGIN definition will cause call drop.

vii. BS hardware faults.

Generally, faulty frame unit will influence the assignment failure ratio and uplink/downlink quality switchover. When the receiving part gets faulty, the assignment failure ratio and uplink/downlink quality switchover will be influenced. When the transmitting part



gets faulty, the assignment failure ratio and uplink quality switchover will be influenced, resulting call drop.

viii. Interference (co-frequency and co-color-codes).

Severe bit errors will occur when MS receives strong interference from co-frequencies or adjacent frequencies, which make MS unable to accurately demodulate the BSIC of the adjacent cells and correctly receive the MS measurement report, resulting drop-out.

ix. Antenna feeder faults.

The main and diversity antennas are equipped in all cells when a base station is installed. It is possible that the BCCH and SDCCH of the cell are sent out from the two different antennas. Different pitch angles of the two antennas will cause their different coverage. That is, the MS can receive the BCCH signal but can not occupy the SDCCH sent out by the other antenna when initiating calls, which results in drop-out.

The main and diversity antennas are equipped in all cells when a base station is installed. When the azimuth angles of the two antennas are different, the MS can receive SDCCH. But once it is assigned to the TCH transmitted by the other antenna, drop-out will occur.

Damaged feeder cable, water leakage and poor connector contact will reduce the transmission power and receiving sensitivity, resulting in severe call drop.

x. Transitory transmission interruption

Unstable transmission links will make the lower-layer links unstable and signaling lost, resulting in Abis interface call drop.




F I G U R E 83 F AU L T LO C AT I N G FL O W O F S U D D E N R I S I N G CAL L D R O P R A T E I N A C E L L

Start

Whether there existsco-frequencyinterference

End

Adjust thefrequency point

data

YES

YES

NO

YES

Whether the antennafeeder system is

changed

Whether transmissionis normal


Whether there arenew obstacles in the

surrounding


YES

NO

NO

NO

YESRemove thetransmission

fault

Block the TCHchannel

of other carriers

Whether the carriercan be occupied for

a short time

Whether divider-TRM RFcable connection is reliable

Remove thedivider-TRMconnection

problem

NO

Remotely resetthe TRM and

replace it

YES

NO

Whether the SWRlevel-1 alarm indicatoron the AEM module

panel is on

Remove the fault ofthe antenna feeder

system

YES

NO

YESWhether networkparameters are changed

Adjust thenetwork parameters

NO



6. Troubleshooting

i. Check the operation record to confirm whether parameters that influence the network running are modified recently, such as the handover parameter, the parameter of the adjacent cell and power control parameter.

ii. Open the OMCR dynamic data management. Select an appropriate time when the traffic is not too large or too little and then block TCHs of all carriers except one carrier in dynamic data management by blocking the logic channels (be careful not to block SDCCH). Carefully observe (using the tracing function) the occupancy of the time slot of the carrier (using a counter to observe it every five minutes).

iii. If a time slot TCH is found to be transitorily occupied (within 10 seconds), consider whether faulty time slots occur at the carrier. Remotely reset the carrier, and observe it again. If still so, go to the site to check the alarms of the carrier. Replace the carrier module when necessary.

iv. If no alarms occur at the carrier, check whether the receiving RF cables of the two RXs of ETRM are reliably connected with the RF of the divider.

v. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, test the standing wave ratio of the combiner output interface. If abnormal, go on to check the standing wave ratio of the jumper, master feeder and antenna section by section until the reason why it gets worse is found: Whether the connectors between the set top jumper, master feeder and antenna are in poor contact, or the water leakage caused by poor encapsulation.

vi. Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission alarms exist. Check whether the transmission grounding is good enough and whether transmission alarms occur in the TIC board of BSC and the CMM at the BTS side. In addition, conduct transmission bit error test when necessary.

vii. Check whether other new antennas or obstacles exist around the antenna. If yes, adjust the azimuth angle and height of the antenna in time to lessen the influence.

viii. Check whether atrocious weather occurs and the antenna feeder system is altered before the call drop rate of the cell rises. If yes, please check whether the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the antenna are normal. If abnormal, adjust them.

ix. Check whether co-frequency interference occurs, if yes, please adjust the frequency.

7. Precautions

None


C h a p t e r 7

Collection of Maintenance Experience

In this chapter, you will learn about: Reference for wireless parameters adjustment during commissioning

Analysis of bird928 mobile phone’s failure to access the network

Configuration method for intra-cell handover



Reference for Wireless Parameters Adjustment during Commissioning Adjusting List of Adjacent Cells and List of Carrier-Sense Frequencies At places where dual band networks are not used, such as the Liu’an district covered by China Unicom, the list of adjacent cells (with the BCCH carrier point in use) and that of carrier-sense frequencies should be configured in the same way (Note: the list of carrier-sense frequencies must contain the BCCH carrier point of this cell). In this way, the results of cell reselection and of cell switchover are similar.

The detailed configuration of the adjacent cells list can base on the network planning data. Generally, it is estimated that the cell will be arranged tidily like a beehive, but actually, because the location of the site will be affected by many factors, the cell almost can not be arranged tidily. As a result, the adjacent cell list configuration bases on the data of the network plan and is adjusted according to the real situation.

At this stage, the office to be commissioned is not big and normally contains no more than 10 sites. Meanwhile, each cell has great transmitting power. So, the ratio of the edge area in the whole coverage is big, and then more adjacent relations should be configured in these areas, as shown in Figure 84.

Chapter 7 - Collection of Maintenance Experience


F I G U R E 84 S I T E S D I S T R I B U T I O N

A

B

C

If a mobile phone is moving in the curve as shown in the above figure in the covered edge area, theoretically, the mobile phone chooses the serving cell in the following order: A B C. But due to the influence of some complicated wireless transmission environments, signals of site B may never dominate in this moving curve. In this case, if site C cell is not configured as the adjacent cell of sector 1 of site A, the mobile phone will stay in sector 1 of site A until the time of disconnection or cell reselection. The solution is to configure sector 1 and 2 of site A and sector 1 of site C as the adjacent cells (carrier-sense frequency point). Generally, this case can be observed through the route test or be precautioned before the route test or when route test can not be conducted.

Never configure all the cells as the adjacent cells in the adjacent cell list. Currently, many unexpected cell reselection and handover will appear due to great transmitting power of the cell, complicated radio transmission environment and imperfect network plan.

And if the constructed network involves the dual band, the situation will be more complicated. But, generally, the detailed report on the adjustment process of wireless parameters will be provided.

Normally, at the beginning, the list of adjacent cells and that of carrier-sense frequencies only contain the cell of the same frequency band (BCCH carrier frequency band) with this device. In this case, 1800 and 900 are two independent networks without affecting each other.

When the first step is performed stably, the BCCH carrier frequency points band of cells with different frequency bands can be added into their respective list of carrier-sense frequencies but not into their list of adjacent cells. As a result, between cells of different frequency bands, the cell reselection is available and cell handover is unavailable.



When the second step is also performed stably, cautiously consider adding the cells of different frequency bands into their respective lists of adjacent cells. As a result, the dual band handover can be performed between the adjacent cells of different frequency bands. But, it is recommended that this step be only performed in the cells in the coverage edge of the same frequency band. That means, in most coverage areas, the handover of a mobile phone being used is between the cells of the same frequency band, and the dual band handover occurs only when this mobile phone reaches the edge cell of this frequency band.

Adjusting Wireless Parameters When the wireless parameters of the cell are configured, the OMCR default values are often used. But some default values are not suitable for the current conditions and need be adjusted properly (including uplink and downlink), as shown in Table 19.

T AB L E 19 D E S C R I P T I O N O F W I R E L E S S P AR AM E T E R S C O N F I G U R AT I O N

Parameter Original Default Value

Adjusted Value Description

Minimum receiving level -105 dBm -100 dBm

Currently, great transmitting power of the cells causes too large overlapped coverage area between the adjacent cells. Add this parameter to artificially reduce the valid coverage area of the cell and enhance the successful perfect access of the mobile phone. For the outward cell in the edge area, this value can be reduced if more coverage range is really need (namely, there is access request in the place under -100 dBm)

Location update cycle (T3212) 0.5 h 6 h

Normally the traffic during commissioning is not too large, so the location update every 30 minutes is unnecessary. If the cell has large traffic, this value can be set as 20 h or higher to greatly reduce the signaling traffic of the network, enhance the standby time of the mobile phone and enhance the utilization ratio of the radio resource.

Adjacent cell average window value in handover measurement handling

6 10

Increasing the average sample of the adjacent cell measurement value can decrease the sensitivity to the signal fluctuation, so that, there will be no frequent cell handover in the large overlapped coverage area of the adjacent cells. Make sure to add the reserved value to 10.



Parameter Original Default Value

Adjusted Value Description

Handover measurement handling Intensity average window value

6 10 Same as above

Handover threshold Intensity N, P

1, 1 4, 3 When both N and P are 1, the handover based on the strength will be too sensitive. So, change N as 4 and P as 3.

Handover threshold Interference N, P

1, 1 4, 3 Same as above

Handover threshold Interference threshold

25 (-85dBm)

33 (-77dBm)

Adjust this value to reduce unnecessary intra-cell handover.

Minimum power budget 3dB 5dB

Currently, great transmitting power of the cells causes too large overlapped coverage area between the adjacent cells. Adjust this parameter to reduce PBGT handover.

Power threshold’s Minus-intensity threshold

40 (-70dBm)

30 (-80dBm)

Adjust this value to reduce the transmitting power of the base station and mobile phone, save energy and decrease the space interference.

Power measurement Quality average window value

1 3 Add the average sample of the measurement value to decrease the sensitivity to the signal fluctuation.

Power threshold’s plus intensity N, P

1, 1 3, 2 Adjust this value to decrease the sensitivity to the signal fluctuation.

Power threshold’s minus intensity N, P

1, 1 3, 2 Adjust this value to decrease the sensitivity to the signal fluctuation.

Others For a normal system, the default value of the timer is a little large, which may not have bad influence. It is recommended to change the default value of timer T3111 from 10 s to 100 ms (the minimum timer unit that can be used by the BSC), to reduce many unnecessary information in the Abis interface to enhance the utilization rate of the wireless channel.

If the user observe that the interference band information of all the channels of a TRX is 5 through the probe, this TRX and its related devices must be faulty. Check them clearly. Generally, either TRX or cables are faulty.

Generally, bad conversation quality (discontinuous and metal sound) is caused by too low a level (uplink), adjacent frequency interference or faulty devices. The first case is easy to be found while difficult to be solved. Consider enhancing the transmitting power to solve this problem. The second case needs renewing the frequency plan or decreasing the



transmitting power of the cell. In other cases, it is certain that the device is faulty and the user should focus on checking various cables.

In the faraway area in the negative direction to the directional antenna, if rather strong (compared with two adjacent sectors at the same site) signals can be received, it is certain that there is wrong connection between the PA to the antenna.

Analysis of Bird928 Mobile Phone’s Failure to Access Network According to the report from the operation site, the Bird928 mobile phones with certain versions cannot update the location in the ZTE BS and the users of these mobile phones can not enjoy the relevant services; while the Bird928 mobile phones with some other versions work normally.

Through experiment, we can discover if MSPower value is set as 5 (namely 33 dBm) in the instant assignment, the mobile phone can work normally. However if MSPower value is set as 0 (namely 39 dBm) in the instant assignment, the Bird928 mobile phones of some versions cannot work normally.

According to the GSM05.05 specifications, the nominal maximum output powers of GSM900 mobile phones are different according to different power types. The corresponding relationship is shown in Table 20.

T AB L E 20 C O R R E S P O N D I N G R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N NO M I N AL M AX I M U M OU T P U T P O W E R S O F GSM900 M O B I L E P H O N E AN D P O W E R TY P E S

Power Type Nominal Maximum Output Power

2 8 W (39 dBm)

3 5 W (37 dBm)

4 2 W (33 dBm)

5 0.8 W (29 dBm)

The corresponding relationship between the power control level of GSM900 mobile phone and the nominal output power is shown in Table 21.



T AB L E 21 C O R R E S P O N D I N G R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N PO W E R C O N T R O L LE V E L O F GSM900 M O B I L E P H O N E S AN D N O M I N AL OU T P U T P O W E R

Power Control Level Nominal Output Power (dBm)

0~2 39

3 37

4 35

5 33

6 31

7 29

8 27

9 25

10 23

11 21

12 19

13 17

14 15

15 13

16 11

17 9

18 7

19~31 5

During instant assignment, the BS does not know the power type of the mobile phone (Until the instant assignment is completed, the BSS can know the power type of the mobile phone through the Classmark information reported by the mobile phone), so the BS cannot know the supportable maximum power of the mobile phone and thus supposes this value is 39dBm.

After receiving this information, even if this output power is beyond the capability of it, the mobile phone will output its maximum power. The Bird928 mobile phones with some versions work in this way and work normally. But the Bird928 mobile phone with some other versions only output its small power; as a result, the BS can not receive its signal and the mobile phone cannot access the network.

In the current market, the power type of most mobile phones is 4 and the maximum power they support is 33dBm, so many BSs of different producers require the mobile phone should access the network at power control level 5 in instant assignment. As a result, some defective mobile phones can also work normally.



Configuration Method for Intra-Cell Handover The basic method to generate the intra-cell handover is to reduce the communication quality of the TCH being used by the MS to make MS handover to other TCHs.

The specific implementation is as follows:

1. Click “Wireless Resource Management Power Control Parameter Setup" and set the threshold value of the power uplink quality, power increasing downlink quality, power decreasing uplink quality and power decreasing downlink quality as under “Power adjustment threshold” as 0; the other parameters remain unchanged.

2. Click “Wireless Resource Management Handover Control Parameter Setup”, and set the values of both uplink strength and downlink strength as 0, the values of both uplink quality and downlink quality as 1, the values of both uplink internal strength and downlink internal strength as 1 and the corresponding N and P value as 1.

3. Keep the parameter related to the ‘distance’ unchanged.

4. Synchronize data and conduct intra-cell handover to the corresponding cell.

5. After the test, restore the original parameters and synchronize the data again.


A p p e n d i x A

Replacement of Modules and Parts

Overview The replacement of the faulty modules and parts is a common and key method for routine maintenance. During module replacement, the equipment room maintenance personnel are recommended to contact the relevant technicians or ZTE local maintenance staff for technical support and guidance.

Pay attention to the following principles during the replacement of modules and parts:

1. Good spare parts should be stored in the anti-static bag (damp-proof bag is recommended in this bag) and then store them properly in a carton. The type label should be available on the static bag or carton for easy identification.

2. Anti-static wrist straps should be used when modules are inserted or unplugged. Connect the anti-static wrist strap to the grounding terminal of the rack. And never touch the grounding terminal after connection. There is a 1MΩ resistor connected in serial between the anti-static wrist strap and grounding terminal, and any touch to the grounding terminal may cause a bypass of this resistor.

3. When holding a module by hand, make sure not to touch the circuits, components and wiring slots on the module. Don't plug/unplug the module with violent force. The right steps are as follow: Hold the handle of the panel, and slightly uplift the module, align the module with the backplane and then insert the module, to avoid bending the pins or slots on the backplane or modules. After inserting the module, tighten the fix screws on the module.

4. When plugging/unplugging the RF cable on the front panel of the rack, use the torque spanner, and never use violent force to avoid destroying the RF cable connector.



5. When installing the feeder jumper, insert the connector of the feeder jumper into the socket of the AEM module and tighten the connector by hand.

6. Label the cause of the faulty modules and put the faulty modules in anti-static bags in different categories.

7. When a faulty module is unplugged and no spare parts are available at the moment, the blank slot should be installed with a standard dummy board for dustproof and decoration purposes.

8. Make sure that the module is properly inserted in the slot

9. Avoid hot plugging/unplugging during module replacement.

10. When the testing instruments are used for the test, make sure all the necessary grounding of the test instruments is implemented.

CMM Replacement 1. Tools

Anti-static wrist strap

Straight screwdriver

2. Preparation:

i. Perform the fault observation and analysis and determine the fault and whether it is necessary for a replacement.

ii. Prepare a good spare part with the same type as that of the faulty module.

iii. Prepare anti-static bags, damp-proof bags and cartons, as well as some labels for the purpose of identification.

3. Procedure

i. Power off the CMM module.

ii. Put on the anti-static wrist strap properly.

iii. Loosen the fix screw on the CMM panel, and pull the handle on the faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module leaves the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of the module by the other hand, and then pull out the module slightly. During this operation, take care not to touch the components and circuits on the module.

iv. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag, label it and mark the module type, slot number, program version and fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

v. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare part of the CMM into the plug-in box. Push the module with proper force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix screws.

vi. Power on the CMM again.

Appendix A - Replacement of Modules and Parts


4. Confirmation after replacement

When the CMM is just powered on, there is a self-test process for some time. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit and the services are resumed. This shows the replacement is successful.

If the module self-test fails, it will perform the self-test once and once again and finally display exception, and the relevant unit service is not resumed. This represents unsuccessful replacement. Please check again whether the spare part is damaged or whether the fault is caused by this module. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes through the alarms at the foreground and background.

ETRM Replacement 1. Tools



2. Preparation:



iii. Prepare anti-static bags, damp-proof bags and cartons, as well as some labels for the purpose of identification.

iv. Record the RF cables location on the front panel of the module to be replaced for inserting these cables back after the module replacement.

3. Procedure

i. Power off the ETRM module on PSM.


iii. Unplug the RF cable on the ETRM front panel.

iv. Loosen the fix screw on the ETRM module panel, and pull the handle on the faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module leaves the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of the module by the other hand, and then pull out the module slightly. During this operation, make sure not to touch the components and circuits on the module.

v. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag, label it and mark the module type, slot number, program version and fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

vi. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare part of the module into the plug-in box. Push the module with



proper force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix screws.

vii. Power on the ETRM module again.


When the module is just powered on, there is a self-test process for some time. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit and the services are resumed. This indicates a successful replacement.

If the module self-test fails, it will perform the self-test once and once again and finally shows abnormity, and the relevant unit service is not resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Please check again whether the spare part is damaged or whether the fault is caused by this module. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes through the alarms at the foreground and background.

AEM Replacement 1. Tools



2. Preparation:



iii. Prepare anti-static bags, damp-proof bags and cartons, as well as some labels for identification.

iv. Record the cable locations (such as RF cables and feeder jumpers) on the front panel of the module to be replaced for inserting these cables back after the module replacement.

3. Procedure

i. Power off the AEM module.

The AEM module is powered on through the ETRM module. As long as all the ETRM modules on PSM are powered off, this AEM module can be powered off.


iii. Unplug cables (such as RF cable and feeder jumper) on the front panel.

iv. Loosen the fix screw on the module panel, and pull the handle on the faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module leaves the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of the module by the other hand, and then pull out the module slightly. During this operation, try not to touch the components and circuits on the module.



v. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag, label it and mark the module type, slot number, program version and fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

vi. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare part of the module into the plug-in box. Push the module with proper force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix screws.

vii. Power on the AEM again.


When the module is just powered on, there is a self-test process. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit and the services are resumed. This indicates a successful replacement.

If the module self-test fails, it will perform the self-test once and once again and finally shows abnormity, and the relevant unit service is not resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Please check again whether the spare part is damaged or whether the fault is caused by this module. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes through the alarms at the foreground and background.

PSM Replacement 1. Tools



2. Preparation:

i. Perform the fault observation and analysis and determine the fault and s.


iii. Prepare an antistatic bag, anti-humidity bag, classified carton and some mark labels.

3. Procedure

i. Put on the antistatic wrist strap correctly.

ii. Turn off the main power and power off all the modules to be replaced on PSM.

iii. Unplug all the connectors connected with the back of the PSM module.

iv. Loosen the fastened screw fixed to the column on the PSM ear with a cross screwdriver; hold the left handle and the right handle on the panel with two hands and pull the module out gently.

v. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag, label it and mark the module type, slot number, program version



and fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

vi. According to the name of the spare PSM module, push it into the layer where PSM is located. Hold the panel handles with both hands and gently push it in slowly till the two ears on the module are in contact with the column, for this means the module is already inserted into the right place; then tighten the fix screw on the ear.

vii. Insert all the connectors connected with it at the back of the PSM module and lock them tightly.

viii. Switch on the main power switch and the breaker switch of all the modules on the PSM panel.


After the module is inserted and powered on, it can be seen that green indicator in the module plug-in box is on from the back of the module; meanwhile, the fan is normally started on the front panel, which indicates the PSM main module is already working normally; otherwise it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause and switch on again all the breaker switches of relevant modules on the PSM front panel. If the power indicators of all the modules are on in green, it means PSM module power output is completely normal; otherwise it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause.

Power Lightning Protection Module Replacement 1. Tools

None.

2. Preparation:



iii. Prepare an antistatic bag, anti-humidity bag, classified carton and some mark labels.

3. Procedure

i. Put on the antistatic wrist strap correctly.

ii. Turn off the main power and power off all the modules to be replaced on PSM.

iii. Unplug the faulty lightning protection module from the cabinet front panel.

iv. Put the replaced the faulty module in an anti-static bag containing the damp-proof bag and label it, marking the module type and the



fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

v. Insert the new lightning protection module into the cabinet front panel.


After the module is inserted and powered on, it can be seen that green indicator in the module plug-in box is on from the back of the module; meanwhile, the fan is normally started on the front panel, which indicates the PSM main module is already working normally; otherwise it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause and switch on again all the breaker switches of relevant modules on the PSM front panel. If the power indicators of all the modules are on in green, it means PSM module power output is completely normal; otherwise it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause.

Backplane Replacement The MTRM backplane is replaced at the back of the rack. Since the backplane replacement may influence the communication in a cell, so the approval from the office and relevant technical personnel before the replacement is necessary.

1. Tools


Cross screwdriver

2. Preparation:

i. Perform the fault observation and analysis and determine the replacement is necessary.


iii. Prepare an anti-static bag, damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for identification.

iv. Record the slots of all the modules on the backplane to be replaced and cable locations (such as RF cables and feeder jumpers) on the front panel of these modules. After the replacement, these modules and cables should be inserted back.

3. Procedure

i. The backplane are replaced at the front side of the rack.

ii. Put on the anti-static wrist strap properly and turn off the relevant power.

iii. Unplug cables on all the module front panels on this layer and all the modules on this layer.

iv. Loosen the screws fixing the backplane by using a cross screwdriver to put down the backplane. There are many cables inserted in the inner side of the backplane. Record cable locations



and unplug these cables. Make sure to slightly pull cables towards the operator to prevent them from dropping outside the frame.

v. There is a DIP switch on the MTRM backplane to mark the physical location of the frame at this layer. Record the location of the DIP switch.

vi. Flatten the new backplane and push it into the empty frame. Insert the cables back to the backplane. Make sure to use proper force to insert these cables. All these cables are anti-blind-match, so try another direction when they can not be inserted.

vii. Set the DIP switch on the backplane to the original position.

viii. Fix the new backplane by using screws.

ix. Insert modules and cables on the front panel into their original locations. Make sure that the cable connection and module slots are proper.

x. Power on the frame of this layer and start the system.


When the backplane is replaced and system is powered on, the system will load module versions. And there is a self-test process before versions formally run. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit and the services are resumed. This indicates a successful replacement.

If the module self-test fails, it will perform the self-test once and once again and finally shows abnormity, and the relevant unit service is not resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Check whether the spare part is faulty or the fault is not caused by the frame of this layer. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes through the alarms at the foreground and background.

Heat Exchanger Replacement 1. Tools

Cross screwdriver

Socket wrench

2. Preparation:


ii. Prepare a good spare part with the same type as that of the faulty part.

iii. Prepare a carton used for wrapping the head exchanger and several labels used for identification.

3. Procedure

i. Power off the cabinet.



There are two power supplies for the heat exchanger. One is the AC220V mains and the other is the DC-48V from the PSM plug-in box. Open the front door and turn off the mains breaker in the cabinet and then you can power off the heat exchanger.

ii. Loosen the 3-core aerial socket connected with two power supply cables for the heat exchanger; then disconnect the power cables from the heat exchanger.

iii. Open the front/back doors, loosen the 4 M6 bolts used to fix the cabinet top boot and take off the top boot.

iv. Loosen the 8 bolts used to fix the heat exchanger and take off the heat exchanger.

v. Install the new heat exchanger onto the cabinet and tighten the 8 fix bolts to ensure the sealing plate is tightly pressed.

vi. Put the replaced faulty heat exchanger in the packing case and label it marking the type and fault for easy identification and handling in the future.

vii. Connect the two 3-core aerial socket power cables with the heat exchanger reliably.

viii. Power on the new heat exchanger again.

4. Confirmation

Observe if the cyclic fan in the heat exchanger works normally. If yes, lift the top boot onto the cabinet and use the 4 M6 bolts to fasten it and finally lock the front/back doors. The replacement is completed.

Trunk Cable Replacement 1. Tools

i. Multimeter

ii. Scissors

2. Preparation:


ii. Make sure that the type of the BTS trunk cable is the same as that of the new trunk cable. Both trunk cables are digital cables adopting the 75Ω coaxial cable.

iii. Check the label of both ends of the trunk cables and make sure that they are in the one-to-one correspondence relationship, means one end connects the trunk interface at the top of the BS21 cabinet and the other end connects the trunk device.

iv. Test the new trunk cable with a multimeter to see whether the circuit is through and whether there is any interrupted circuit or short circuit.

v. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for identification.



3. Procedure

i. Cut the cable clip of the trunk cable to be replaced, and unplug the old trunk cable from the E1 PORT at the bottom of the cabinet.

Note: Never forcibly pull when taking out the old trunk cable.

ii. Put the replaced faulty trunk cable in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iii. According to the mark at both ends of the new trunk cable, connect the connector of the new trunk cable to the E1 PORT at the top of the cabinet.

Note: When connecting the trunk cable with the E1 PORT at the bottom of the cabinet, make sure that the transmitting/receiving ends are in the correct position.


Check whether the RF connector of the trunk cable is plugged and connected properly and reliably.

If it is normally, bind them with cable clips, in accordance with the binding process of the old trunk cable.

5. Precautions

i. During this process, make sure that the insulation layer of the digital trunk cable is not damaged.

ii. Replacing the trunk cable will not interrupt the BTS services.

RF Cable Replacement 1. Tools

i. Straight screwdriver

ii. Wrench

2. Preparation

i. Determine the RF cable to be replaced.

ii. Different RF cable sets corresponds to different site types. If the site type is changed due to expansion, the cable set can be selected according to the new site type. If a single RF cable is to be changed, the new cable can be selected from the cable set according to the location and length.

iii. Check whether the connection and pin of the grounding wire core of the new cable is normal, and make sure that the SMA or N connector are in reliable contact. Never screw the connector with violent force to avoid damaging it.



iv. Record all the connection location of the RF cable to be replaced and connect the new cable to the original location later.

v. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for the identification.

3. Procedure

i. Make sure to turn off the power of the corresponding ETRM (including PA and TRU) before replacing the transmitting tributary cable. The power switch of the ETRM module is located on the front panel of the PSM module.

ii. Screw the SAM or N connectors at both ends of RF cable to remove this cable.

iii. Put the replaced faulty RF cable in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Connect the new RF cable according to the former connection method.

Note: During the operation process, make sure to use force evenly. When screwing the SMA connector, never use violent force; the correct method is to screw the SMA connector with proper force, and at the same time, rock it to left and right to make it align with the socket and avoid damaging it.

v. Power on the ETRM (including PA and TRU) again.


i. Observe the indicators of running boards. If the indicator is normal, the replacement is basically successfully.

ii. Make a test call to check whether the BS runs normally after the replacement.

Antenna Feeder Lightning Arrester replacement 1. Tools

i. Straight screwdriver

ii. Slip joint pliers

iii. Adjustable wrenches

iv. Multimeter

v. Antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)

2. Preparation




ii. Check whether the type of the new lightning arrester is the same as that of the old one. Test the new lightning arrester through a multimeter to see whether it is normal.

According to the test method described in the user’s manual of the lightning arrester, set the multimeter to the resistance W%10K gear to measure the resistance between the antenna and conductor in the high-frequency socket of the device, and the value should be greater than 20M Ω.

Set the multimeter to the resistance W%1 gear to measure the resistance between the conductor in the high-frequency socket of the antenna and grounding terminal, and the value should close to 0Ω.

iii. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for the identification.

3. Procedure

i. Shut off power supply to all ETRM modules in the carrier frame corresponding to the PSM module.

ii. Disconnect the RF cable between the corresponding AEM and the cabinet bottom to prevent AEM from being damaged due to the short circuit of the jumper or feeder at the bottom of the cabinet.

iii. Remove the jumper connector, remove the feeder connector, and then remove the old lightning arrestor.

iv. Put the replaced faulty lightning arrestor in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

v. Connect the new lightning arrestor and feeder connector, and fix the new lightning arrestor.

vi. Test the indexes of the antenna feeder through an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER), and check the standing wave ratio in the way as described in “Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder”.

vii. If the standing wave ratio is normal, connect the jumper connector.

viii. Connect the RF cable from the corresponding AEM to the cabinet bottom.

ix. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.


i. Observe the running status. If the indicator is normal, the replacement is basically successfully.




Cabinet-Bottom 1/2 Soft Jumper Replacement 1. Tools

i. LDF4 block cutting device

ii. LDF4 block installation tools

iii. Adjustable wrenches (2)

iv. Hacksaw

v. Assorted file

vi. Paper knife

vii. Adjustable hot air blower

viii. Multimeter

ix. Antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)

2. Preparation:

i. Perform fault observation and analysis and determine the replacement is necessary.

ii. Prepare a good spare part with the same type as that of the faulty jumper.

iii. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for identification.

3. Procedure

i. Power off all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel.

ii. Remove the jumper by an adjustable wrench, and then remove connectors at its two ends, to check whether the connectors are faulty, if they are perfect, use them again.

iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Cut a proper length of jumper according to the real situation, and make a new jumper in the way as described in the manual for making connectors in the package of the connector.

v. Test the newly-made jumper, especially test its connection and disconnection through a multimeter.

Note:

Make the jumper safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use of sharp tools.

Pay attention to the handling of the feeder leftover. If sundries such as copper bits are filtered into the connector, the performance of the antenna feeder system will be influenced.



vi. Connect the newly-made jumper.

vii. At the other end of the jumper, measure the indexes of the antenna feeder performance by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER).

viii. If the indexes are normal, connect the jumper to the antenna feeder interface at the top of the cabinet.

ix. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.


i. Observe the running status of the ETRM and the AEM. If the indicator is normal, the replacement is basically successfully.


Tower Top 1/2” Soft Jumper Replacement 1. Tools




iv. Hacksaw

v. Assorted file

vi. Paper knife


viii. Multimeter

ix. Antenna feeder analyzer

x. Tools for safely climbing

2. Preparation:




3. Procedure


ii. Remove the jumper by an adjustable wrench, and then remove connectors at its two ends, to check whether the connectors are faulty, if they are perfect, use them again.



iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark its type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Cut a proper length of jumper according to the real situation, and make a new jumper in the way described in the manual for making connector in the package of the connector.

v. Test the newly-made jumper, especially test its connection and disconnection with the multimeter.

Note:

Make the jumper safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use of sharp tools.


During operations high above the ground, protect the tools being used to prevent them from dropping and hurting personnel on the ground.

vi. Install the new jumper and test the antenna feeder indexes.

Receiving/transmitting jumpers

Lay the new tower-top jumper to the transmitting antenna and 7/8” feeder, connect the connectors, make waterproof bends, and then measure the cabinet top jumper for the antenna feeder performance indexes by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)

Diversity reception jumper

Connect jumpers, make waterproof bends and conduct waterproof treatments to the connectors.

Note: In the process of making waterproof treatment to the connectors of the antenna feeder system, make sure that:

Wrap it with waterproof tape, sealing tape and insulating tape in turn.

The jumper should be bent softly without too large angle, and generally, the bend radius is over 15 times of the jumper radius.

Insulating tapes should be wrapped from the bottom to the top in case of rainwater leaking.

vii. Power on all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel again.






Feeder Connectors Replacement 1. Tools




iv. Hacksaw

v. Assorted file

vi. Paper knife


viii. Multimeter


2. Preparation:




3. Procedure


ii. Remove connectors at both ends of the feeder by an adjustable wrench, and then check whether the connectors’ cores are broken.

iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Make a new connector in the way as described in the manual for making connector in the package of the connector.

v. Test the newly-made connector, especially test its connection and disconnection through the multimeter.

Note:

Make the connector safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use of sharp tools.


During operations high above the ground, protect the tools being used to prevent them from dropping and hurting personnel on the ground.

vi. Connect the new connector and test the antenna feeder indexes.



Connect the connectors, and measure the cabinet top jumper for the antenna feeder performance indexes by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER), and then make the waterproof treatment to the waterproof bend and connectors.

Note: In the process of making waterproof treatment to the connectors of the antenna feeder system, make sure that:

Wrap it with waterproof tape, sealing tape and insulating tape in turn.

The jumper should be bent softly without too large angle, and generally, the bend radius is over 15 times of the jumper radius.

Insulating tapes should be wrapped from the bottom to the top in case of rainwater leaking.

vii. Power on all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel.




Tower Amplifier Replacement 1. Tools

i. Adjustable wrenches (2)

ii. Paper knife

iii. Sharp nose pliers

iv. Multimeter

v. Socket wrench

vi. Tools for safely climbing

vii. Lifting tools

2. Preparation:






3. Procedure


ii. Strip off the 3-layer waterproof tape of the old tower amplifier by the paper knife and sharp nose pliers, and remove the old tower amplifier from the fixing clamp by the socket wrench.

Note: Take care not to damage the insulation sleeve of the jumper.

iii. Put the replaced faulty tower amplifier in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Lift the new tower amplifier to the destination location with the lifting tools.

v. Fix it on the fixing clamp.

vi. Connect end IN of the tower amplifier to the antenna jumper and end OUT to the 7/8” feeder jumper. Reverse connection is forbidden.

vii. At the receiving interface of the AEM, use the current gear of the multimeter to measure whether there is 60mA ~ 200mA current. And then make waterproof treatments to the connectors.

Note: Put two ends of the tower amplifier downwards to keep water out.

viii. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.


i. Observe the running status of the ETRM and AEM. If the indicator is normal, the replacement is basically successfully.


Antenna Replacement 1. Tools

i. Adjustable wrenches

ii. Paper knife

iii. Sharp nose pliers

iv. Diagonal pliers

v. compass

vi. Angle instrument

vii. Lifting tools

viii. Tools for safely climbing




x. talkie and walkie or mobile phone

2. Preparation:




3. Procedure


ii. Strip off the waterproof tape on the jumper connector, and screw down the connector, loosen the fixing clamp for the old antenna and remove the old antenna.

Note: If the antenna support protrudes the platform too much, please loosen it and draw it back to the platform for the safety.

iii. Put the replaced faulty antenna in a damp-proof bag, label it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.

iv. Carefully lift the new antenna, installation tool and auxiliary materials to the destination location by the lifting tools.

Note: While lifting the antenna, the personnel on the ground can pull outside the lifting rope to avoid the collision with the tower or other hard objects. And ensure the personal safety. The personnel high above the ground should wear safety belt, and the personnel on the ground should wear the safety hat.

v. Install the new antenna

Install the omni-antenna in the following way:

Connect the jumper connector to the antenna connector and screw them, and then make waterproof treatment to the connectors and seal them.

Place the antenna feed point downwards and then temporarily fix the antenna and antenna supports by the antenna fixing clamp (not necessary to fix them firmly).

Check the antenna verticality, and then fix antenna supports and lay out jumpers.

Install the directional antenna in the following way:

Connect the jumper connector to the antenna connector and screw them, and then make waterproof treatment to the connectors and seal them.



Place the antenna feed point downwards and then temporarily fix the antenna and antenna supports by the antenna fixing clamp (not necessary to fix them firmly).

Adjust the horizontal angle of the antenna in accordance with the design requirement, and then fix the antenna fixing clamp firmly.

Adjust the pitch angle of the antenna (refer to Section “Checking Obliquity of Directional Antennae” for the details) in accordance with the design requirement, and then fix the pitch angle adjustment device.

Finally distribute the jumpers.

vi. Test the performance indexes of the antenna feeder.

After the installation, measure the BRS cabinet top jumper for indexes of the antenna feeder performance by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER).

If the receiving channel has a tower amplifier, use the current gear of the multimeter to measure whether there is 60 m ~ 200mA current at the AEM receiving interface.

vii. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.





A p p e n d i x B

Common Maintenance Tables

Daily Maintenance Record Table Site No.

Site Name

Operation Item

Running Status of the Equipment and Handling

Operator Remarks



Weekly Maintenance Record Table

Site No.

Site Name

Operation Item

Running Status of the Equipment and Handling Results

Operator Remarks

Appendix B - Common Maintenance Tables


Monthly Maintenance Record Table

Site No.

Site Name

Operation Item


Operator Remarks



Biannual Maintenance Record Table

Site No.

Site Name

Operation Item


Operator Remarks

Appendix B - Common Maintenance Tables


Emergency Failure Record Table Office name Handler:

Time of occurrence: Time of handling

Source: Reported by users on the call Alarm system Detected in daily routine maintenance Other sources

Failure types

Description of the Failure

Handling method:

Result:

Opinion of the person in charge:





A p p e n d i x C

Use of Common Instruments and Meters

SAGEM (OT35) Test Mobile Phone Basic Functions The SAGEM (OT35) can measure the data of the serving cell and six adjacent cells. Meanwhile, it can be connected with a PC through its interface, so that the test data can be analyzed by the analyzing software. It is a dedicated network testing tool that every network operation manager and network maintenance engineer must have.

1. In idle status

It can measure the BCCH of the serving cell and the data of six adjacent cells:

i. Channel number

ii. Receiving level

iii. BSIC

iv. Receiving threshold level

v. Country and carrier code of the serving cell.

2. In conversation status:

It can measure the data of the serving cell and six adjacent cells:

i. Whether adopts the frequency hopping mode.

ii. Channel type (service channel and dedicated control channel)

iii. Receiving quality

iv. TA

v. BCCH occupied in communication status



vi. Receiving level (dBm)

3. Special functions:

i. Locking BCCH

ii. Setting the SIM card information:

iii. Accessing the cell with negative C1 value

iv. Testing the field strength of the RF channel

v. Scanning GSM900/DCS1800 frequency band

vi. Scanning BCCH

vii. Forced cross-cell handover (handover, no handover, handover once and cyclic handover)

viii. Accessing the CELL_BAR cell

4. Information displayed on the counter

i. RLT

ii. T3212

iii. Times of handover

iv. TMSI, Kc and so on.

Operation Description Key Descr ipt ion C: Return to previous menu

.: Upper item

V: Next item

OK: Select

1~9: Shortcut keys

How to Enter the Root Menu Method 1: Press MENU, 4, 4, V and # in turn.

Method 2: Press “.” or “..”

Method 3: If method 2 fails, press MENU, 6, 1, OK, and then press “.”.

Root Menu The root menu provides 8 functions, as shown in Figure 85.

To exit the root menu, press “C”: by pressing . or V, you can select a function.

Appendix C - Use of Common Instruments and Meters


F I G U R E 85 R O O T M E N U

ROOTMENU

IMEI

LOAD PROM

NETWORK

SIM LOCK

FOR PICTURE

TRACE

COUNTERS

MODE

SET BCCH

SET HO

CELL BAR

NEGAT. C1

PWR CLASS

SCAN BCCH

SET RF

SIM

Kc INFO

IMSI

LOC INFO

LIST BA

NB PLMN SE

PLMN SELEC

PLMN FORBI

ADMIN

RLT/T3212

HANDOVER

TMSI/CYPHR

1. Menu 1: IMSI (International MS Identification Code)

Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 1, and press OK or directly press 1 to access the IMEI menu.

The screen displays the IMEI code, the software version and the internal reference value.

To return to the main menu, press C.

2. Menu 2: LOAD PROM (loading software)

Select this menu to load programs on the PC through a special software.

Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 2, and press OK or directly press 2 to access the IMEI menu.

Press OK to access LOAD THEFLASH PROM.

To return to the main menu, press C.

3. Menu 3: NETWORK (network data)

This menu can display:

i. In idle mode: it can display the BCCH of the serving cell and the network data of 6 adjacent cells.



ii. In call mode: it can display the network data of the serving cell and 6 adjacent cells. In call status, it can work with menu 6 to perform tracing test. In other words, for a call to any number, the screen will display the network data of the serving cell and the adjacent cells.

The data of the each cell (of the serving cell or 6 adjacent cells) is displayed on 2 screens, so the menu totally has 14 available screens, which can be switched through pressing . or V. When no data can be displayed due to poor reception conditions, the data value will be displayed with “*”.

Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 3, and press OK or directly press 3 to access the NETWORK menu of idle status.

Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 3, and press OK or directly press 3 to access the NETWORK menu where there is a call (outgoing call or incoming call).

In idle status, the network data of the serving cell

Its screen display is as shown in Figure 86:

F I G U R E 86 S C R E E N 1 O F N E T W O R K D AT A O F S E R V I N G C E L L I N I D L E ST AT U S

CH: 0118

RM: -104RX: -59BA: 12 5.0

TS: 0

TX: 5

CI: +46

After V is pressed, the display will be as shown in Figure 87:


BSIC: 50

CI: 02323

LAI: 460 01 032800

CH: RF channel number with the value range of 1 ~ 124. It is the BCCH number in idle status.

TS: Currently occupied time slot with the value range of 0 ~ 7. In idle mode, this value of BCCH is: TS = 0.

RM: The minimum receiving threshold level RX_LEV_ACCESS_MIN, with the value range of -110dBm ~ -46dBm.

TX: mobile phone transmission power, MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH ranges from 1 to 15.



RX: The BCCE receiving threshold level value of the serving cell RX_LEV_SERVICE_CELL ranges from -110dBm to -11dBm.

CI: Standard C1 value of the serving cell ranges from –92 to –99.

BA nm xy: Unit quantity in the BA table, and nm means CCCH value configured in the BCCH and PCH, with the value range of 1 ~ 32; x means the current value of BS_PA_MFRMS_2, with the value range of 2 ~ 9; y means the current value of the control channel CCH_CONF, with the value range of 0, 1, 2, 4 or 6.

BSIC ab: The Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell; Among it, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7; b represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.

CI abcde: Cell Identity, four hexadecimal numbers.

LAI abcd ef

ghijk: Location area identification, where abcd is the county code, in a 4-digit number; ef is the carrier code, in a 2-digit number; ghijk is the location code, in a 5-digit number.

Display of the network data of 6 adjacent cells in idle status



CH: 0097

RM: -104TX: 5

RX: -66

CI: 38

BSIC: 052

NEXT CELL1



FN: +0

HBN: +6STAT: 2

NEXT CELL1

Continue to press “V” to page down. Every two screens display the parameters of one adjacent cell. It can display 12 screens of network parameters of six adjacent parameters continuously.

CELLVOIS: Adjacent cell code, ranging from 1 to 6.

CH: RF channel number occupied by the BCCH of the adjacent cell, ranging from 1 to 124.



RX: Adjacent cell BCCE reception level, RX_LEV_NCELL, ranging from -110 dBm to -11dBm.

RM: Minimum reception threshold level of adjacent cell, RX_LEV_ACCESS_MIN, ranging from -110 dBm to -46dBm.

CI: Standard C1 value of adjacent cell, ranging from –92 to –99.

TX: Transmission power of the mobile phone of the adjacent cell, MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, ranging from 1 to 15.

BSIC ab: The Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell; where, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7; b represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.

FN +abcdefg: Frame offset of the serving cell and adjacent cells.

HBN +hijk: 1/8bit special offset value of the adjacent cell.

STAT: the standby status.

Press “V” to page down to the No. 15 screen at idle status. This screen is not used and is a blank page.

Display of the network data of the serving cell in call status


F I G U R E 90 S C R E E N 1 O F N E T W O R K D AT A O F S E R V I N G C E L L I N C O M M U N I C AT I O N S T A T U S

CH: 0118

PL: 12RX: -58TYP: TC DTX:Y

TS: 2

TA: 1

RQ: 0

After “V” is pressed, the display will be as shown in Figure 91:


FRBCCH: 0118

RXBCCH: -62BSIC: 50CI: 02323

CH: Current RF channel number, with the value ranging from 1 to 124. And when the network adopts the frequency hopping technology, channel is denoted by HOP (or HP)CH.

TS: Current timeslot; its value ranges from 0 to 7.

PL: Current power level value, POWER-LEVER, ranging from TX to 15.



TA: Current timing advance value TIMING ADVANCE, with the value range of 0 ~ 63. And if the change display unit is uS, multiply it by 3.69.

RX: Reception level of RX_LEV_SER VING _CELL, ranging from -110 dBm to -11dBm.

RQ: Receiving quality RX_QNAL, with the value range of 0 ~ 7.

TYP: Current channel type, valuing from TC (service channel) or SD (special control channel), and when the communication is establish, SD means displaying the current channel SDCCH temporarily, and this value is consistent with the transformed TCH value.

DTX: with Y or N as its value, and if the call is discontinuous transmission, use Y (YES), otherwise, use N (NO).

RFBCCH: RF channel number used by the BCCH of the current cell, ranging from 1 to 124.

RXBCCH: The BCCH receiving level of the serving cell in communication mode RX_LEV_SERVING_CELL with the value range of 110dBm ~ 11dBm.

BSIC ab: The Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell; where, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7; b represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.

CI abcde: Cell Identity code, with the value of a 5-digit decimal numeral.

Display of the network data of 6 adjacent cells in call status



CH: 0097

RX: -66BSIC: 052

NEXT CELL1

After “V” is pressed, the display will be as shown in Figure 93:


FN: +0

HBN: +6STAT: 2

NEXT CELL1



Continue to press “V” to turn the page down. Network parameters of 6 adjacent cells are displayed in total 12 screens continuously in communication mode, and parameters of an adjacent cell will be displayed in every two pages.

CELLVOIS: Adjacent cell code, ranging from 1 to 6.

CH: BCCH number of the adjacent cell, with the value rage of 1 ~ 124.

RX: The receiving level of the adjacent cell RX_LEV_NCELL, with the value range of -110dBm ~ -11dBm.

BSIC ab: Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell, and a means the carrier code, with the value range of 0 ~ 7; b means the cell color code, with the value range of 0 ~ 7.

FN +abcdefg: Frame offset of the adjacent cells and serving cell.

HBN +hijk: 1/8bit special offset value of the adjacent cell.

STAT: the standby status.

Press “V” to page down. It is the last screen at the dedicated status. Screen 15 displays additional data about frequency hopping, for example, HSN, MAIO, Frequency number (hopping mode A or C is random or periodic), 0 and 6 frequency tables.

For example, 00 23 4 A 1

00: MAIO 23: HSN 4: Nb Freq A: Random 1: Cyphening active

077 088

124 110

There are four frequency tables.

4. Menu 4: SIM LOCK (SIM card is locked)

This menu allows you to set the SIM card.

Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 4, and press OK or directly press 4 to access the MODE menu.

5. Menu 5: FOR PHOTO (screen display)

This menu displays the type of this computer, data and time.


6. Menu 6: TRACE tracing test

Under the main menu, press . or V to select menu 6, and then press OK or directly press 6 to enter the TRACE menu.

This menu provides 8 functions, as shown in Figure 94.



F I G U R E 94 TRACE M E N U

SET BCCH

SET HO

CELL BAR

NEGAT. C1

PWR CLASS

SCAN BCCH

SET RF

SIM

TRACE

SET BCCH: In idle mode, lock BCCH; IN call mode, perform cross-cell handover. When the call is completed, return to lock the BCCH.

SET HO: This function can lock the test mobile phone with a handover in a certain cell or a hidden cell, and it provides two options:

Single cross-cell handover or periodic cross-cell handover.

Required times of cross-cell handover and required successful times of cross-cell handover

CELL BAR: This function can define Cell_ber_access_s and provides 3 modes:

Standard mode: The mobile complies with GSM recommendation

Inversion mode: The mobile only camps on barred cells

Activation mode: The mobile camps on barred and non-barred cell

NEGAT CI: This function allows this mobile phone stay in the cell when its CI is less than 0.

PWR CLASS: It defines the power level of this mobile phone. Two options are provided:

2W CLASS 4 or 0.8W CLASS 5,

For the later case, its own power of the mobile phone is lower than the maximum.

SCAN BCCH: This function means this test mobile phone can scan the RF channel of the running network and provide the receiving level value and BSIC of each channel. The whole scanning process needs several minutes and can exit by pressing C. Press “OK” to display the reception level and BSIC of the channel being scanned.

SET RF: Specify the RF channel and test the field strength level.

SIM: Set the related information of the SIM card. 8 configurations are available for the SIM, as shown in Figure 95.



F I G U R E 95 S IM M E N U

RLT/T3212

HANDOVER

TMSI/CYPHR

COUNTERS

KC INFO: Define key KC.

IMSI: Provide IMSI data.

LOC INFO: Provide the location information.

LIST BA: Used to set the BA list on the SIM card.

NB PLMN SE: Provide display and store the priority network quantity.

PLMN SELEC: Set the list of priority networks. This list includes thirty-two 3Bytes input data, such as 02F810 and 02F801.

PLMN FORBI: Set the list of network disabled, displayed in 2Bytes.

ADMIN: Determine whether SIM card is a test card or a non-test card.

7. Menu 7: COUNTERS (counting function)

This menu can display a special count value.

Under the main menu, press . or V to select menu 7, and then press OK or directly press 7 to enter the TRACE menu.

This menu provides several options, as shown in Figure 96.

F I G U R E 96 COUNTERS ME N U

RLT/T3212

HANDOVER

TMSI/CYPHR

COUNTERS

RLT/T3212: Display the link timeout value, maximum repeat counter and current value and maximum value of counter T3212.

HANDOVER: Display times of cross-cell handover.

TMSI/CYPHR: Display the TMSI and the cipher parameter.

8. Menu 8: MODE (mode selection)

This menu is used to select the serial connection lock mode and the data transmission mode.


ACTIVE means the lock mode is selected.

NON ACTIVE means the data transmission mode is selected.



Engineering Test Mode of ZTE289 Mobile Phone The ZTE289 mobile phone (V 5) provides the engineering mode, which supports the information prompt in idle mode and dedicated mode. The engineering mode of the ZTE289 mobile phone mainly provides two types of information: serving cell information and adjacent cell information, which brings great convenience to the site testing personnel.

Key Description Up: Going to the adjacent cell of the second-strong signal.

Down: Going to the adjacent cell of the most weak signal.

Right: Viewing more information of the current serving cell.

Left: Viewing the information of the previous screen.

Clear: Returning to the serving cell.

How to Enter Engineering Mode After start the device, input *983*3641# to start the engineering mode.

How to Close Engineering Mode Input *983*3640# to close the engineering mode.

Instructions of Engineering Mode Menu 1. Parameters of the serving cell in idle status are described as below

Screen 1:

A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (number of the cell carrier frequency)

(Note: 1 ~ 124 gsm; 975 ~ 1023 + 0 ~ 124 egsm; 512 ~ 885 dcs)

L = Receive Level/ Receive Quality (Receiving level/receiving quality)

(Receiving level value: 0 ~ 100)

C = C1 = RXLEV-MAX ((TXPWR-MSTXPWRMAX), 0)

N = Top 6 size (Quantity of the adjacent cells)

C = Channel configuration values / Time slot range (Common channel configuration)

CCCH_1_CHANNEL = “CH1C” = 1 BCCH

CCCH_2_CHANNELS =”CH2C”= 2 BCCHs

CCCH_3_CHANNELS = “CH3C”= 3 BCCHs



CCCH_4_CHANNELS = “CH4C”= 4 BCCHs

CCCH_1_CHANNEL_WITH_SDCCH =“CH1S”= BCCH+SDCCH

Screen 2:

A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number= Carrier frequency number

C = Mobile Country Code (Country code) (China: 460)

B = Base Station Identity Code (BS color code)

(NCC: 0 ~ 7 +BCC: 0 ~ 7)

N= Mobile Network Code (0: China Telecom 1: China Unicom)

C = Cell ID (Cell number, in the hex numeral)

L = LAC (Location area, in the hex numeral)

Screen 3:

Paging ID type (value: IMSI, TMSI, IMEI, IMSV, NO_ID)

PG = Paging Group (Paging group, valuing 0 ~ N)

(PG = (IMSI MOD 1000) MOD (N × BSCCCHANS)) MOD N

N = (PCH-AGBLKS-BSAGBLKSRES) × BSPAMFRAMS)

AC = Access Class (Access type of the mobile phone

(0~9 common users; 11 ~ 15: special users)

EMER= Emergency calls (Whether supporting the emergency call)

BPA = BsPaMfrms (The quantity of the multi-frame used in a paging period)

CELLBAR= Cell bar access (Whether the cell bars the access)

Screen 4:

RET= Max re-transmissions (The maximum value of the re-transmissions received, and this value can not be too high)

RLA= Receive level access minimum (The minimum level of the receiving cell)

AG= Access Grant blocks (The quantity of the blocks reserved for the AGCH in the common channel)

TXP = Transmit power maximum (Available maximum transmitting power of the mobile phone)

MB = Multiband reporting (The minimum band quantity need be reported by each band, in the case of multiple frequency bands)

Screen 5:

DSC= Downlink Signalling Counter (Downlink signal counter with the original value as 90/BPA)

CRH= Cell Reselect Hysteresis (Hysteresis factor of the cell reselection with the unit as dbm)

CBQ= Cell Bar Qualify (Priority parameter of the cell reselection, valuing 0/1)



(Generally set dcs as 0, which means the high priority, and set gsm as 1, which means the low priority)

PT= Penalty Time (Offset of the cell reselection time)

CRO= Cell Reselect Offset (Offset of the cell reselection)

TO= Temporary Offset (Temporary offset)

Screen 6:

DTX= Apply Discontinuous Transmission 1: Apply discontinuous transmission

EBC= External BCCH required 1: Extended BCCH information, namely, system information 7 and 8

RNA: Re-establish Not Allowed 1: Re-establish not allowed 0: Re-establish allowed

2TR: Ter available 1: 2TER signal is available

PRC= Power control 1: Conducting power control

ECS= Early Class Mark Control 1: Require sending the class mark in advance

Screen 7:

CBCH = Parameters of cell broadcast channels

2. Parameters of the adjacent cells in idle status

Screen 1:

A=Cell Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number: frequent channel number

L=Cell level /Index of the current cell: Received level/Number of the adjacent cell

C2=C2 of current Ncell: C2 value of the current adjacent cell

L=Location Area Code: Location area

C2=C2 of serving cell: C2 value of the serving cell

3. Parameters of the serving cell in dedicated status

Screen 1:

A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number= Frequency channel number

P=Actual power level

TA=Timing advance

DL= Downlink level

Uplink DTX = Whether adopts dynamic power control for uplink

Screen 2:

A=Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (Frequency band number. If frequency hopping occurs, HOP is displayed)

Hopping: HOP

CHANNEL MODE:



CHM_SIGNALLING = ”CM-SIG”

CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE = “SP-FR1” (The voice channel at the full speed)

CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE_VER2 = “SP-FR2”

CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE_VER3 = “SP-FR3”

CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE = “SP-HR1”

CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE_VER2 =”SP-HR2”

CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE_VER3 =”SP-HR3”

CHM_DATA_14400 = “D14400”

CHM_DATA_9600 = “D9600”

CHM_DATA_4800_FULL = “D4800F”

CHM_DATA_2400_FULL = “D2400F”

CHM_DATA_4800_HALF = “D4800H”

CHM_DATA_2400_HALF = “D2400H”

HSN/.MAIO: Hopping serial number/Mobile allocation offset

4. Parameters of the adjacent cell in dedicated status

Screen 1:

A=Cell Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number: Frequency channel number

L=Cell level (L): Index in the array: Cell level/Serial number of the adjacent cell

B=Base Station Identity Code: BS color code

SCELL L: Level of the serving cell

BIRD Power Meter BIRD Power Meter Components A BIRD power meter consists of the probing part and the measuring part, as shown in Figure 97.



F I G U R E 97 BIRD P O W E R ME T E R C O M P O N E N T S

Zeroing knob

Scale (not even)

Forward/reverseknob

Probe clip

Probe

NF connector NF connector

Usage 1. Check whether the configuration of the meter is good.

2. Replace the probe with an appropriate one.

Use a 900M probe for 900M band, and use a 1800M probe for 1800M band.

The probe should be selected according to the possible maximum power value, and generally it is 50W.

3. Measure the forward power

i. Choose a measurement point between the cabinet top jumper and lightning arrestor to measure BTS output power, and the connection relationship is shown in Figure 98.

ii. If the antenna feeder is not installed, a matching load should be added for the measurement of the forward power, as shown in Figure 99.

iii. Correctly connect the lightning arrester and the 7/8-inch main feeder cable.

iv. Correctly connect the tower top jumper, the antenna and the main feeder cable.

v. Before you disconnect the lightning arrester and the unit top jumper to connect the power meter, first turn off the carrier power, to stop transmission.

vi. After the power meter is connected, turn on the carrier power to resume transmission.



F I G U R E 98 TE S T C O N N E C T I O N O F P O W E R M E T E R

OUT POWER

BIRD powermeter

ZXG10 - BTS

Lightningarrester

BIRD usage instance

F I G U R E 99 C O N N E C T I O N O F M AT C H I N G LO AD (M E AS U R I N G FO R W AR D P O W E R )

Power outputTO load

Attention!

4. Read the forward power value. For the 50W probe, one step on the dial plate represents 1W.

5. Measure the reverse power

i. Choose a measurement point between the cabinet top jumper and the lightning arrestor to measure BTS output power, and the connection relationship is as shown in Figure 98.

ii. If the antenna feeder is not installed, a matched load should be added for the measurement of the reverse power, as shown in Figure 100.



F I G U R E 100 CO N N E C T I O N O F M AT C H I N G LO AD (M E AS U R I N G R E V E R S E P O W E R )

Power outputTO load

Attention!

iii. Correctly connect the lightning arrester and the 7/8-inch main feeder cable.

iv. Correctly connect the tower top jumper, the antenna and the main feeder cable.

v. Before you disconnect the lightning arrester and the unit top jumper to connect the power meter, turn off the carrier power and then stop transmission.

vi. After the power meter is connected, turn on the carrier power to resume transmission.

Note: When you measure the reverse power, you must replace the power range. For a qualified antenna feeder system, its reverse power is small at measurement, so you must replace the measurement range for a higher accuracy.

6. Read the reverse power.

Note: The forward direction is the direction to the antenna; the reverse direction is the direction to the BTS cabinet.

HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer A spectrum analyzer is used to test the performance of a frequency domain, such as the spectrum, power of adjacent channels, quick scanning of the time domain, spurious radiation and inter-modulation attenuation.

It can test all the indexes of the BTS transmitter and some indexes of the BTS receiver.

Let’s take the HP8954E spectrum analyzer for example.



Components The structure of the HP8954E spectrum analyzer is as shown in Figure 101.

F I G U R E 101 ST R U C T U R E O F HP8954E S P E C T R U M AN AL Y Z E R

1:ACTIVE FUNCTION BLOCK 2:MESSAGE BLOCK 3:SOFTKEY LABELS 4: SOFTKEYS

5:FRENQUENCY & SPAN& AMPLITUDE KEYS 6:INSTRUMENT STATE 7:COPY

8:CONTROL 9:MARKER 10:WINDOWS 11:DATA & STEP & KNOB KEYS

12:INPUT 5013:PROBE PWR 14:CAL OUT 15:VOL-INTEN/INTENSITY

16:100 MHZ COMB OUT 17: MEMORY CARD READER 18:RF OUT 50 19:LINE

Usage 1. RF MONITOR function

i. Connect the peripheral cables according to the range of the signal to be measured, as shown in Figure 102. And then press the LINE (19) switch and turn on the power to start the measurement.



F I G U R E 102 CO N N E C T I O N D I AG R AM F O R RF M E AS U R E M E N T

DisplayAfter being received,

the signal entersHP8594E

ii. If there is a “*” in the MESSAGE BLOCK (2) area, the automatic configuration and initialization of the meter has not been completed. Wait a while, “*” will disappear, and the automatic initialization is completed at this time.

iii. Set the START frequency and STOP frequency of the scan, and the real-time results will be displayed on the screen; or set the CENTER frequency of the scan and then set the SPAN range, the real-time results also will be displayed on the screen.

iv. If the scanned signal is not on the screen, adjust the REFERENCE LEVEL to enable the signal to show on the screen in a better visual range.

v. The frequency, SPAN and AMPLITUDE can be set in the following two ways:

Direct input: Press FREQUENCY (5), and then the prompt for the frequency value to be input will be displayed in the ACTIVE FUNCTION BLOCK (1) area, and then input the data and unit through pressing DATA (11).

Input by adjusting KNOB (11): On the base of the current frequency value, KNOB forward or backward until it reaches the value needed.

SPAN and AMPLITUDE also can be set in the same ways. When use the knob, you can consider about using the ascending or descending way by STEP (11), means press STEP once and the value will change once.

vi. Read values by the related keys in the MARKER (9) area, in many ways, one of which is as follows:

Press MKR, a reading cursor will be displayed on the screen, and then find the related the PEAK frequency value in the SPAN area by KNOB (11) and read its value. In this process, the PEAK SEARCH button can be used to find the PEAK frequency value automatically: use NEXT PEAK, LEFT PEAK and RIGHT PEAK in SOFTKEY LABELS (3) and SOFTKEYS (4) to find the target frequency value quickly, and read its level value (the total of the value shown on the current screen and reference level value) at the same time.



vii. MARKER DELTA in SOFT KEY LABELS (3) and SOFTKEYS can be used to read the difference between two PEAKs. And one MARKER should stay in PEAK, the other MARKER can be moved by KNOB, and then the frequency and level DELTA difference between two MARKERs can be read by the spectrum analyzer on-line.

viii. The functions related to TRACE in the CONTROL (8) area can be used to measure the unstable RF signals:

Set the MAX signal as HOLD IN TRACE A;

Set the MIN UNSTABLE RF signal as HOLD IN TRACE C;

Observe the real-time UNSTABLE RF signal from TRACE B.

The transmission paths of the unstable RF signal are shown in Figure 103.

F I G U R E 103 TR AN S M I S S I O N P AT H O F RF S I G N AL

TRACE A

TRACE B

TRACE C

ix. For two signals with near frequencies and AMPLITUDEs, set the judgment bandwidth RES BW of the spectrum analyzer to less than or equal to 3dB bandwidth of the signal, to separate these two signals, as shown in Figure 104.



F I G U R E 104 3 D B B AN D W I D T H O F S I G N AL

3dBBandwidth

x. For two signals with near frequencies and very different AMPLITUDEs, we call one of them as big signal and the other one as small signal. To avoid that the small signal is submerged by the big signal, set the big signal with 60DB bandwidth and small one with 3DB bandwidth.

xi. The judgment condition is: half of the 60DB bandwidth of the big signal is not less than the frequency interval between two signals. You also can use the method of setting “UP/LOW LIMIT LINE” during the observation.

F I G U R E 105 IL L U S T R AT I O N F O R M E T H O D O F UP/LOW LIMIT L INE

PASSUP LINE

LOW LINE

SIGNAL

Make the signal to be tested into a template, and the spectrum analyzer will judge whether the real-time signal meets the requirement. If it meets the requirement, “PASS” will be displayed on the upper right corner of the screen, otherwise, “FAIL” will be displayed, indicating the tested signal does not meet the requirement.



2. Perform relevant tests with the GSM test card.

i. Insert a GSM card into MEMORY CARD READER SLOT (17), turn off the power of the spectrum analyzer and then restart it. After the initialization of the spectrum analyzer, select the GSM MENU in the SOFTKEY LABELS area, wait a while and then start the GSM-related test.

ii. Generally, the output waveform of the BTS TRU can be tested.

Note: The maximum input power value of the HP8954E is 30dbm (1W), and the signal being input into the spectrum analyzer should be less than this value. Generally, the spectrum analyzer should be connected with the TRU output, instead of being connected with the BRS PA directly,

iii. When the TRU output characteristics are tested, menus in SOFTKEY LABELS and SOFTKEY can be used to measure POWER, RAMP, FRECENCY, AMPLD and BURST.

3. Application descriptions of other related tests.

i. To test the FM and AM modulation signals, the related test functions in the MEAS/USER menu of the spectrum analyzer will be used. You also can demodulate these signals to observe the audio and video signals, or connect a HEADPHONE to monitor the voice.

ii. For the use of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to observe the frequency spectrum and other related functions, please refer to the user’s manual of the HP spectrum analyzer.

Antenna Feeder Tester (SITE MASTER S332B) In the GSM BS test, the antenna feeder analyzer Site Master S332B can be used to test SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) and RL (Return Loss) of the antenna system in a certain frequency band range. When the faults of the antenna system are found, it also can be used to test the SWR or RL of different locations of the whole antenna, to locate the faults (DTF (Distance To Fault)), and the test result curve can be directly printed by the printer in real time.

Procedure for Testing SWR 1. Power on the device.

2. Press MODE and select FREQ-SWR by UP, LEFT and right Enter

3. Press F1 and F2 to select the frequency band to be tested.

4. Press START CAL for zeroing before the test.

i. Connect the short calibration terminal (OPEN) to RF/REFLECTION on the backplane, and press ENTER.



ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) to RF/OUT, and press ENTER to perform load calibration.

5. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).

6. Connect the antenna feeder being tested with RF/OUT and then conduct SWR test.

7. Adjust the vertical coordinate through AMPLITUDE.

8. Observe the SWR at one point, and then select MARKER and M1 in turn, and press UP, DOWN and ENTER to move the frequency band.

9. The SWR should be less than 1.5, otherwise, locate the distance and find the fault point, in the way described in “Test Procedure of DTF”. If there are some other requirements on-site, please operate according to them.

Test Procedure of DTF 1. Press MODE and select DTF-SWR with UP/DOWN and right Enter

2. Press F1 and F2 to select the frequency band to be tested.

3. Press START CAL for zeroing before the test.

i. Connect the short calibration terminal (OPEN) to RF/REFLECTION on the backplane, and press ENTER.

ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) with RF/OUT, and press ENTER to perform load calibration.

4. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).

5. Connect the antenna feeder being tested to RF/OUT, to test SWR.

6. Adjust the vertical coordinate through AMPLITUDE.

7. The display distance can be adjusted by D1 and D2.

8. In the real project, the SWR should be less than 1.1.

9. The horizontal coordinate of the test result curve is the distance to the device test interface; the vertical coordinate is the SWR of locations. And only one SWR, of connection location, can be peak value in the normal test results, if there are more SWR peak values, the cable in that location may have faults, such as break.





A p p e n d i x D

Operation Maintenance Quality Indexes of Certain Telecom Network (Wireless Part)

1. Call connection rate of the radio system in busy hour. G1 > 87%

G1 reflects the coverage situation of the radio system of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with MSC as the statistics points.

G1 = Total paging response times M1/ Total paging attempt times N1 × 100%.

M1: The total times (including second pagings) of the responses received by the switch from the mobile terminal.

N1: The total times (first pagings) of the paging attempt initiated by the MSC,

2. Call drop rate in the signaling channel of the wireless system in busy hour. G2 < 1.5%

G2 reflects the quality situation of the radio system signaling channel (SDCCH) of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.

G2 = Total times of call loss in signaling channel (SDCCH) in busy hour/Total utilization times of signaling channel (SDCCH) in busy hour × 100%

3. Call lose rate (not including handover) in the voice channel of the radio system in busy hour. G3 < 3 %

G3 reflects the quality situation of the radio system voice channel (TCH) of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.

G3 = Total times of call loss in voice channel (TCH) in busy hour/Total utilization times (not including handover) of voice channel (TCH) in busy hour × 100%



4. Congestion rate of the radio system of the Unicom mobile network in busy hour. G4 < 5 %

G4 reflects the congestion situation of the signaling channel (SDCCH) and voice channel (TCH) of the radio system of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.

G4 = (1 - (1 – congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy hour) × (1 – congestion rate of the voice channel in busy hour (including handover) ) × 100% congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy hour = total overflow times of the signaling channel in busy hour/total call attempt times of the signaling channel in busy hour

Congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour = total overflow times (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour/total call attempt times of the voice channel in busy hour

5. The worst cell ratio of the radio system of the Unicom mobile network in busy hour. G5 < 5%

G5 reflects ratio of the cells having high call loss rate of the radio system of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the wireless subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.

G5= Quantity of the worst cells/Total quantity of the cells having the traffic per channel not less than 0.1 Erlang × 100%.

Definition of the bad cell: A bad cell is the cell having a call drop rate (including handover) of the voice channel greater than 3% and a average traffic per channel not less than 0.1 Erlang while less than 0.6 Erlang.

Call drop rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour = total call drop times of the voice channel in busy hour/total utilization times (including handover) of the voice channel (TCH) in busy hour × 100%

6. The overflow cell rate of the radio system of the Unicom mobile network in busy hour. G6 < 5%

G6 reflects the load situation, which is the congestion rate of the signaling channel and the ratio of the cells having high congestion rate of the voice channel, of the radio system of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.

G6 = Quantity of the overflow cells/ Total quantity of the cells × 100%

Definition of the overflow cell: The overflow cell is the cell having a congestion rate of the signaling channel not less than 2% or the cell having a congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour not less than 5%.

Congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy hour = total overflow times of the signaling channel in busy hour/total call attempt times of the singling channel in busy hour × 100%

Congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour = total overflow times (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour/total call attempt times of the voice channel in busy hour × 100%


Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full Name

AB Access Burst

Abis Abis

AEM Antenna Equipment Module

AGCH Access granted Channel

ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel No

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AUC Authentication Center

BBP Base Band Processor

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BER Bit Error Rate

BFI Bad Frame Indication

BIE Base station Interface Equipment

BP Burst Period (pulse)

BSC Base Station Controller

BSIC Base Station Identify Code

BSS Base Station Subsystem

BTS Base Transceiver Station

CCCH Calling Control Channel

CCH Common Channel

CELL Cellular

CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction Coding

CHP Channel Processor

C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio

CIP Carrier Interface Part

CLK Clock

CM Communication Management

CMM Controller & Maintenance Module

CS Circuit Switched

CU Carrier Unit

DB Data Base




DBS Data Base Subsystem

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier

DRX Discontinued Receiving

DSP Digital Signal Processor

DTX Discontinuous Transmission

E1 E1

EAM External Alarm Module

ECDU “E” Combiner Distribution Unit

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EIR Equipment Identity Register

EPLD Erasable Programmable Logic Device

ETP Extend Test Port

ETRM Transceiver Module for EDGE

FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel

FB Frequency correction Burst

FCCH Frequency Correction Channel

FCLK Frame Clock

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FDMA Frequency Division Multiplex Access

FN Frame Number

FU Frame Unit

FUC Frame Unit Controller

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Globe System for Mobile communication

HDB3 High Degree Bipolar coding

HDLC High Level Data Link Controller

HLR Home Location Register

HPI Host Processor Interface

HW HighWay

ID Identification/Identity

I/Q In phase/Quadrature

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

LapD Link Access Procedure “D” Channel

LapDm Link Access Procedure “Dm”(mobile “D”)Channel

LLC Logical Link Control

Abbreviations



LM Local Manager

LMT Local Manager Terminal

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

LO Local Oscillator

LP Local Poll

LPF Loop Filter

LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling

MAC Medium Access Control

McBSP Multi-channel Buffer Serial Port

MM Mobility Management

MMI Man-Machine Interface

MO Manage Object

MS Mobile Station

MSC Mobile Switch Center

MSS Mobile Switch System

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

NB Normal Burst

NRZ Non-Return to Zero coding

OAMM Operational And Maintenance Module

OBCLK Octet Binary clock

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center

PA Power Amplifier

PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel

PAGCH Packet Access granted Channel

PAGCHM PCH&AGCH Management

PAU Power Amplifier Unit

PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel

PCCCH Packet Common Control Channel

PCH Paging Channel

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCU Packet Control Unit

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PDCH Packet Data Channel

PDM Power Distribution Module

PDN Packet Data Network

PDTCH Packet Data Traffic Channel

PDU Protocol Data Unit




PLL Phase Lock Loop

PNCH Packet Notification Channel

PPCH Packet Paging Channel

PRACH Packet Random Access Channel

PS Power Supply

PSI Packet System Information

PTCCH Packet Timing advance Control Channel

PTM Point To Multipoint

RACH Random Access Channel

RCU Radio Carrier Unit

RF Radio Frequency

RLC Radio Link Control

RR Radio Resource management

RSL Radio Signal Layer

RX Receiver

SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel

SAPI Service Access Point Indicator

SB Synchronization Burst

SCH Synchronization Channel

SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node

SI System Information

SID Silence Descriptor

SMC Short Message Center

SNDCP Subnetwork Dependent Convergence protocol

SPAU Super Power Amplifier Unit

STRM Super Transceiver Unit

Synclk Synchronous Clock

TAI Timing Advance Index

TAF Time Alignment Flag

TBF Temporary Block Flow

TC Transcoder

TCH Traffic Channel

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TEI Terminal Equipment Identification

TFI Temporary Flow Identity

TPF Tracking Phase lock Frequency synthesizer

Abbreviations



TPU Transceiver Process Unit

TRM Transceiver Module

TRX Transceivers

Time Slot TS

TX Transmitter

Um Um

USF Uplink State Flag

VCO Voltage Control Oscillator

VLR Visitor Location Register

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio





Figures

Figure 1 Correctly Putting on Antistatic Wrist Strap .......................................... 7 Figure 2 OMCR Main Interface......................................................................21 Figure 3 Alarm Management Main Interface ...................................................21 Figure 4 Display of Current Alarms on a Site ..................................................22 Figure 5 Selection Interface for Alarm Management – Physical View ..................23 Figure 6 Alarm Management – Physical View Interface.....................................23 Figure 7 Physical Rack Display Interface ........................................................24 Figure 8 Viewing Current Alarms of a Board ...................................................24 Figure 9 Alarm Management – Alarm History Query Interface ...........................25 Figure 10 Alarm Query Wizard Dialog Box......................................................26 Figure 11 Alarm Query Wizard Interface ........................................................26 Figure 12 Alarm Query Wizard 1...................................................................27 Figure 13 Alarm Query Wizard 2...................................................................27 Figure 14 Alarm Query Wizard 3...................................................................28 Figure 15 Alarm Query Wizard 4...................................................................28 Figure 16 Dynamic Data Management Main Interface ......................................29 Figure 17 Dynamic Data Status Display .........................................................30 Figure 18 Performance Analyzer Main Interface ..............................................31 Figure 19 Performance Report Wizard ...........................................................31 Figure 20 Select NM Domain and Report Type ................................................32 Figure 21 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................32 Figure 22 Please Select Analyzed Objects ......................................................33 Figure 23 Performance Report Wizard 2.........................................................33 Figure 24 Please Select Time .......................................................................34 Figure 25 Daily Performance Report Display Result .........................................34 Figure 26 Performance Report Wizard ...........................................................35 Figure 27 Select NM Domain and Report Type ................................................36 Figure 28 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................36 Figure 29 Please Select Analyzed Objects ......................................................37 Figure 30 Performance Report Wizard 2.........................................................37 Figure 31 Daily Traffic Report Display Result ..................................................38 Figure 32 Alarm Management – Selecting Alarm History Query Interface............40 Figure 33 Alarm Query Wizard Dialog Box......................................................40 Figure 34 Alarm Query Wizard 1...................................................................41 Figure 35 Alarm Query Wizard 2...................................................................41 Figure 36 Alarm Query Wizard 3...................................................................42 Figure 37 Query by Alarm Code....................................................................42 Figure 38 Query by Alarm Class ...................................................................43 Figure 39 Confirmed History Alarm Display ....................................................43 Figure 40 Alarm Frequency Statistics ............................................................44 Figure 41 Alarm Frequency Statistics Interface ...............................................45 Figure 42 Alarm Frequency Statistics – Selecting Alarm Source.........................45 Figure 43 Alarm Frequency Statistics - Selecting Time Period for Alarm Statistics 46 Figure 44 Alarm Frequency Statistics – Selecting Statistics Filtering Conditions ...46 Figure 45 Alarm Frequency Statistics – Showing Statistics Result in a List ..........47 Figure 46 Alarm Frequency Statistics – Showing Statistics Result in a Graph.......47 Figure 47 Performance Report Wizard ...........................................................49 Figure 48 Select NM Domain and Report Type ................................................49 Figure 49 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................50 Figure 50 Please Select Analyzed Objects ......................................................50



Figure 51 Performance Report Wizard 2.........................................................51 Figure 52 Please Select Time (Month) ...........................................................51 Figure 53 Select Start and Stop Date ............................................................52 Figure 54 Monthly Report Display Result........................................................52 Figure 55 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................53 Figure 56 Bad Cell Report............................................................................54 Figure 57 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................54 Figure 58 Select Analyzed Objects ................................................................55 Figure 59 Performance Report Wizard 2.........................................................55 Figure 60 Please Select Time (Month) ...........................................................56 Figure 61 Select Start Time and Stop Date ....................................................56 Figure 62 Display of Bad Cell Report .............................................................57 Figure 63 CKU Correction ............................................................................71 Figure 64 Rotary Goniometer with Air Bleeder ................................................73 Figure 65 Measuring Obliquity......................................................................73 Figure 66 Adjusting Lower Tilting Angle .........................................................74 Figure 67 BS Fault Locating Flow Chart .......................................................131 Figure 68 AEM Fault Locating Flow..............................................................133 Figure 69 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Poor Conversation Quality Faults..........135 Figure 70 Fault Locating Flow Chart of Shrinkage of BS Coverage....................138 Figure 71 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Cell Carrier not Being Occupied............141 Figure 72 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Carrier LAPD Broken-Link at a Site .......143 Figure 73 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Wide-Spread Transient Interruption of BS

Carrier LAPD ....................................................................................145 Figure 74 Fault Locating Flow Chart for LAPD Board ......................................146 Figure 75 Fault Locating Flow for a Normal BS but with Abnormal BS Handover.148 Figure 76 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Lightning-Stricken BS.........................150 Figure 77 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Unstable MS Signal in Idle State ..........152 Figure 78 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Unstable MS Signals in Conversation ....153 Figure 79 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Low TCH Assignment Success Ratio and

Phones Being Difficult to Get Through ..................................................155 Figure 80 Fault Locating Flow Chart for MS Echoes in Conversation .................157 Figure 81 Fault Locating Flow Chart of Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls ..........159 Figure 82 Fault Locating Flow Chart of SDCCH Being Occupied too Long...........161 Figure 83 Fault Locating Flow of Sudden Rising Call Drop Rate in a Cell............165 Figure 84 Sites Distribution .......................................................................169 Figure 85 Root Menu ................................................................................203 Figure 86 Screen 1 of Network Data of Serving cell in Idle Status....................204 Figure 87 Screen 2 of Network Data of Serving cell in Idle Status....................204 Figure 88 Screen 3 of Network Data of Serving cell in Idle Status....................205 Figure 89 Screen 4 of Network Data of Serving cell in Idle Status....................205 Figure 90 Screen 1 of Network Data of Serving cell in Communication Status....206 Figure 91 Screen 2 of Network Data of Serving cell in Communication Status....206 Figure 92 Screen 3 of Network Data of Serving cell in Communication Status....207 Figure 93 Screen 4 of Network Data of Serving cell in Communication Status....207 Figure 94 TRACE Menu..............................................................................209 Figure 95 SIM Menu .................................................................................210 Figure 96 COUNTERS Menu .......................................................................210 Figure 97 BIRD Power Meter Components....................................................215 Figure 98 Test Connection of Power Meter ...................................................216 Figure 99 Connection of Matching Load (Measuring Forward Power).................216 Figure 100 Connection of Matching Load (Measuring Reverse Power) ...............217 Figure 101 Structure of HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer.....................................218 Figure 102 Connection Diagram for RF Measurement.....................................219 Figure 103 Transmission Path of RF Signal...................................................220 Figure 104 3 dB Bandwidth of Signal...........................................................221 Figure 105 Illustration for Method of UP/LOW LIMIT LINE...............................221


Tables

Table 1 Typographical Conventions...............................................................xii Table 2 Mouse Operation Conventions.......................................................... xiii Table 3 Safety Signs.................................................................................... 2 Table 4 Daily Routine Maintenance Checklist ..................................................20 Table 5 Weekly Routine Maintenance Checklist ...............................................39 Table 6 Monthly Routine Maintenance Checklist ..............................................48 Table 7 Biannual Routine Maintenance Checklist .............................................58 Table 8 Normal Status of Indicators on CMM Module Panel ...............................61 Table 9 Abnormal Status of Indicators on CMM Module Panel ............................62 Table 10 Normal Status of Indicators on ETRM Module Panel ............................64 Table 11 Relationship between Indicator Bit Display and Number of Activated TS 65 Table 12 Abnormal Status of Indicators on ETRM Module Panel .........................66 Table 13 Normal Status of Indicators on CDU Module Panel ..............................68 Table 14 Abnormal Status of Indicators on CDU Module Panel...........................68 Table 15 Dividing Alarm Levels ....................................................................86 Table 16 Summary Table of Alarms ..............................................................87 Table 17 Common Faults of BS21 (V2.2) Device ...........................................128 Table 18 Major Faults of BS21 (V2.2)..........................................................129 Table 19 Description of Wireless Parameters Configuration.............................170 Table 20 Corresponding Relationship between Nominal Maximum Output Powers of

GSM900 Mobile Phone and Power Types...............................................172 Table 21 Corresponding Relationship between Power Control Level of GSM900

Mobile Phones and Nominal Output Power ............................................173

Documents

Compact OutDoor BS21 BTS Maintenance Manual