Community Planning & Design

Where would you rather shop, work and relax?Put it all together!

Where would you rather shop?Before the late 1940s, practically all commercial services

were located in downtown. Situated at the center of town,

at a ,major crossroads, near a train station,…

Qs:

Workings in the command economy

How about in the market system?

Evolving over time?

Transformation?

Trends?

Evolved into three basic stylesNeighborhood center: offering goods and services such as grocery

markets and drugstores, dry cleaning and shoes repair, hair salons and

dentists’ offices.

Community center: offering all the services that a neighborhood

center does, as well as providing department store, supermarket and

usually several more outparcels than a neighborhood center.

Regional centre: a full complement of goods and services available

(full line department stores as major anchor)

how far people are willing to travel for an increasingly larger selection

of goods and on the standing population in the immediate area.

Predict which type of centre will eventually be built and where.

For food, apparel & household items, and when are price and selection

a primary consideration?

Common elements

A unified architectural design treatment;

Possess on-site parking for customers and accessed

primarily by automobile;

building square footage consumes approximately 25% of

the site area;

Pleasant surroundings, and safe in design;

Structured tenant group to minimize product overlap;

Single land use: rarely will one find related or supportive

uses such as high density residential or office space on site.

Site Design: points to consider

Proper location: probably the single most important element that

is most closely associated with the success of failure of a center;

easy, convenient, and quickly recognizable;

Common parking and circulation patterns Distance Orderly, logical, easily understood, discernible; In the smallest increment, compartment possible, for regional

centre ≤800 Parking lane, walkway should be oriented toward the building; Ring road

The Strip Center

A: varied building locations create a

look of chaos and clutter;

Individual sites & signs compete for

motorists’ attention;

Access between sites is rare;

Building orientation isolated areas

at the rear of the commercial site.

A strip line of building orientation;

A typical commercial center

Variants of the strip center

L, U, & T shaped centers

A: typical for corner location;

B: midblock location is typical of the U-shaped centre;

C: full block location with two corner exposure usu results

in a large strip or T-shaped center.

The cluster centerA combination of the previous two types of center so that a purely

pedestrian space results in the center; Interior spaces resemble a small village and the traditional

downtowns of small communities; this form has been adapted well to specialty centers that cater to tourists, who expect shopping to be an exciting event. Smaller shops offering a wide variety of small goods do well in this situations. However, this form does not adapt well for large stores or anchors, which requires larger service areas for regular tractor-trailer deliveries. Seldom use.

Reduce marketability of rear spaceService to interior spaces is difficult;

The MallSimply the cluster configuration expanded & enclosed for

weather protection;

1) Individual site(1)

A: multiple building location creates confusion & chaotic conditions;

B: parking in front of building, reducing ability to connect street, weakening pedestrian envrnmnt;

C: rear location requires extensive landscaping, eliminate potential pedestrian access;

D: parked cars dominate view;

E: flexible curb-cut location can result in confusion and aggravate traffic.

Individual site(2)Setback line, at street, increase

visibility and foster pedestrian environment;

Parking at or behind building line maintains street edge, draws attention to building;

Views of parked cars reduced by building;

D: neighborhood access encouraged by street-oriented buildings;

E: parking access separated to maximum extent and combined with adjacent parcel when applicable;

F: usable public space possible-artwork, fountain, bus stop;

2) Neighborhood center(1)

Lack of street edge;

Primary view is of

parking area, half

empty;

Linear arrangement

discourage multiple

shopping stops;

Limited connections

with adjacent

residential and

office areas.

Neighborhood center (2)Defined edge creates

desirable pedestrian

envnmnt.

B: Internal parking

reduces negative

impact from street;

C: Inward-focused

arrangement: village

feeling, multiple

shopping stops;

E: service areas

reduced; less screen

F: encourage use by

adjacent areas.

Neighborhood center (3)A: street extensions into

commercial areas, encourages local access without impacting collector street.

B: anchor store, maintains adequate parking in front;

C: street edge reestablished;

D: bulk of shopping center parking is screened from local street;

E: streetscape image extends into site;

F: additional access-ways distribute and dilute traffic impact.

3) Community centerMultiple outparcels and free-

standing shops compete for attention and create confusing traffic pattern;

Parking betwn building and street eliminates viable pedestrian envrnmnt.

outparcels reduce visibility of parking areas and storefront;

Parking location weakens intersection visibility, miss opportunity for public space;

Expanse of parking and size of center discourage pedestrian access across sites;

Service area creates underutilized paved area that requires screen and security.

Community center (2)

Major intersection(1)

5) The Mall (1)A: access to the interior mall

thro anchor store; limited direct access to the interior;

B few smaller shops possess exterior exposure; high, blank-wall architecture is the norm;

C: small shops survive on the traffic generated by the anchor stores;

D: a vast parking area separates the mall from all other elements of the community;

E: exposed service areas are a by-product.

The Mall (2)

A: access drives

B: parking

orient toward

buildings;

C: primary

access points;

The Mall (3)

Ring road

Reduce the

size & the

scale of

parking lots;Opportunities

for infill development

Where would you rather work?A typical office park

Where would you rather work?No sense of connection betwn

varied building placement;Varied and uncoordinated

setback create a ragged edge quality to the streetscape;

Little physical connection betwn parking areas;

Distance betwn buildings and paved environment discourages pedestrian access and interaction;

Typical view is pavement.

Where would you rather work?Mixed-use

Where would you rather relax?

A range of parks, from tot lots and village greens to

ballfields and community gardens, should be distributed

within neighborhood. Conservation areas and open lands

should be used to define and connect different

neighborhoods and districts.

Where would you rather relax?Sports space versus people space;

Where would you rather relax?

Where would you rather relax?

Put it all togetherMake something whole or complete;Planning authorities dictate the market desires?Articulate development potentialities that place a higher

value on human habitability than on ease of automobile access. That is not to say they can’t coexist, for they certainly can; it just takes a lot more effort.

Bring together in one place everything that we have discussed thus far.

Can we change our approach to community planning to allow for sustained growth?

Put it all together

Commercial development at major intersection and creeps

into those areas betwn and in front of residential areas;

All off-site traffic is directed into collector street.

Individual residential

sites developed at

different times and

usu. Possess identity

entrance;

Normally, only

indirect ties betwn;

Course Work调查本市一个商业社区，运用市场经济条件下住房规划与设计理论 ,结合居民生活和出行方式和商业业态的变迁，分析其商业定位、规划与设计的成败得失，提出优化措施。

要求：字数 3,000左右，不包括参考文献列表和所附图、表， A4 纸张单面打印， 11号或者 12号字体大小 , 1.5 --2倍行距。

提交截止日期： 2011 年 12 月 5 日 9:00am

格式：首页上半部为文章标题，下半部为申明 , 内容为：本人申明提交作业文章的所有内容均由本人完成，文中引用他人观点均已标明出处。签字：日期。

第二页需包括 abstract in English ， 120 至 150字。

末页为参考文献列表。

Command economy Market economyManaging housing as an economic sector

Economic transformationHousing reform 3-stagesUrban land use reform Home mortgage

Design language Bubble program

workings

Provision Administrative forces Market forcesDemand Administrative forces Income distribution

match Administrative arrangement Market match

Spatial structure cellular Ring-shapedemphasis Collective lifestyles individualism

Design

Physical planning Design based on market analyses

Building blocks of community

House types 底层、多层、高层 Detached, semi-detached, townhouses, apartments

Layout structure 居住区 -小区 -组团 Neighborhood layoutStreet patterns Grids +axial 4 basic patternsFacilities Deploy Edu., Commercial,

health care; finance, postal office etc

Regional, community and neighborhood centers

Recreation layout ineffective pragmaticJob places

tools Axial design, hierarchy, gradation, dominant feature, sense of enclosure, spatial components;

emphasis Individual site, neighborhood center, community center, major intersection, and mall;Put it all together!

Case study 浦东三林苑