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7/25/2019 Community Ophthalmology 2
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Community ophthalmology
Synonyms= Public health ophthalmology
= Preventive eye care
= Preventive Ophthalmology
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Community ophthalmology
The Aim : To provide the
Ophthalmologic services to a wholegroup or sub group of people whichbenefit the largest number ofpeople in the community ataffordable cost in identifying andpreventing sight threatening ocularconditions
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Community ophthalmology
This is a new field
!ew concept for many countries yet"ifficult to get it moving
#uture doctor has a great
responsibility in developing this field
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Curative ophthalmology
$emain at the center of all activities
%ommunity Ophthalmology does notdilute its importance
#ocus is only changed from individual
to community
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What are the ma&or differences in curative
' preventive medicine (
Goals
Target
Diagnosis
Therapy
Results
Treatment & cure
Single patient
Physical
examination.
Drugs / Surgery
Limited toindividuals
Prevention o disease
Population/community
!ealth survey"Community Diagnosis#
!ealth education
improved sanitation$!ygiene$ %mmuniation
etc
Prevention o disease
%mprovement o 'uality
o lie in community
Curative Preventive
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Public health
principles
Applied to
ophthalmology
Activities in community
Prevent )lindness $educe the disability
caused by poor vision
*ain Aims of
%ommunity
Ophthalmology
Summary of Activities
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Therefore community ophthalmology can
be e+plained as a discipline where
,The traditional care applied to anindividual patient is diverted to a
population with a prominence placed on
preventive aspects-
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(ho is a community eye
specialist
)phthalmologist
With .nowledge on%ommunity
organi/ation0 need0structure0'
epidemiological
principals0 bio1statistics0
managerial andcommunication s2ills
Community
physician
With basic clinicalAspects of
Ophthalmology
$ole depend on the
local needs
of a country
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*a+or duties
34 "esigning and planning of fact finding
surveys
54 Planning primary eye care programs
1 Screening
1 Health education1 Training
1 Promoting community participation
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*a+or duties
64 Organi/ing community screening0
preventive ' curative programmes
1 7ye camps
1 Surgical camps
84 $esearch in to eye diseases
94 %o1ordination of activities and promoting to
implement policies for prevention purposes
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(!) activity on prevention o
,lindness "P-L#
P) Programme was established in 3;
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ctivity
Primary prevention
>n the community
through PrimaryHealth %are?PH%4
Secondary
prevention
>dentify and treat in
the community
Primary health care
wor2ers
@olunteers?Trained4
PHWor2ers
eneral physicians%ommunity
Ophthalmologist
Person
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>dentify and refer
for Treatment
"iagnose and
treatment or
"iagnose and
refer
eneral physicians
eneral physicians
Ophthalmologist
ctivity Person
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Concept involved in these
programmes
34 $egular screening for early diagnosis
54 Timely intervention 1$eferrals
64 >mprovement of basic personal needsand hygiene
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Concept involved in these
programmes
84 Provision of safe water B good
nutrition
94 Health education
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Concept involved in these
programmes
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-y organiing
7ye clinics
*obile eye services
Primary eye care programmes)lindness prevention activities
>nfra1structure developments
*an power improvement
%hanging policies
%ommunity Ophthalmology
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Delivery o eye care model
%ommunity
ophthalmology center
arge hospitals
!ational teaching
hospitals
Primary eye care
Secondary eye
care
Tertiary eye care
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(hat is a mo,ile eye unit 0
Some %ommunity ophthalmology centers
have mobile eye units
Team :1 Ophthalmic medical au+iliary
Assistant
@ehicle driver
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et us identify the eight essentialcomponents of primary health
care?PH%4
34 7ducation concerning main healthproblems
54 Promotion of food supply and goodnutrition
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Primary health care
components64 AdeDuate supply of safe water and
basic sanitation
84 *aternal ' %hild Health ' #amilyplanning
94 >mmuni/ation against ma&or infectiousdiseases
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Primary health care
E4 Prevention and control of local
endemic diseases
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following eye conditions are
>ntegrated in to primary health care
%ataract
Trachoma
7ye in&uries
%orneal ulcers
laucoma
Ophthalmic neonatorum
7ye infections
Pterigium
$efractive errors
%onditions with @A F 6BEG
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WHO uidelines for primary
eye care3 %onditions to be recogni/ed and treated by
a trained primary eye care wor2er
%on&unctivitis and lid infections
1 Acute con&unctivitis
1 Ophthalmia neonatorum
1 Trachoma
1 Allergic ' >rritative con&unctivitis
1 id lesions C chala/ion
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Trauma1 Sub con&unctival hemorrhages
1 Superficial #)
1 )lunt trauma
)linding *alnutrition
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5 %onditions to be recogni/ed andreferred after treatment has been
initiated
%orneal ulcers
acerating or perforating in&uries of theeye ball
id lacerations
7ntropion B Trichiasis )urns 1 %hemical
1 Thermal
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6 %onditions that should be recogni/edand referred for treatment
Painful red eye with visual loss
%ataract
Ptergium
@isual loss F EB3 in either eye
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>ntegration of P7% in to PH%
P7% should not be planned
separately from PH% which is
considered the mother system that
carry the goals of P7% to the
community by integration