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Program Planning: Community Nutrition Assessment
Program Planning Basics
• Systematic process• Continual feedback and evaluation• Cyclical: based on increasing
understandings of the true nature of the situation and the effectiveness of interventions.
• Starts with an assessment of the current situation
Why Do Assessment?
Community Nutrition Assessment:
• Anchors interventions in the reality of the community
• Essential part of ongoing process:– Needs assessment– Designing and implementing interventions– Evaluation – Feedback for improvement
• Includes community and stakeholders as fully active participants
Community Nutrition Assessment:
• Based on assets more than deficits• Helps to integrate nutrition programs into
community-based institutions and initiatives
Successful Community Assessment Includes:
• Understanding current conditions of families, individuals, institutions & policies
• Evaluating local capacities for supporting change
• Building community support for implementing changes
Models and Protocols for Community Assessment
• Planned Approaches to Community Health (PATCH) – CDC
• Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) – NACHO (National Association of County Health Officials)
• Moving to the Future: Developing Community Based Nutrition Services – ASTPHND (Association of State and Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors)
Strategic Planning for Initiatives to Address Local Health Efforts
• Organize a community planning group• Define community boundaries• Gather information
– Statistical profile– Qualitative data– Community Resources & Environments– Policies
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
Strategic Planning, cont.
• Analyze Information– Common issues– High risk individuals– Unmet needs– Prioritize
• Develop and implement plan • Monitor and evaluate plan
Community Nutrition Planning Group: Responsibilities
• Collect data and information• Identify needs and gaps • Set priorities• Develop a plan• Help to implement interventions• Assist in evaluation
– Of assessment, planning, and intervention process– Of impact of intervention
Community Nutrition Planning Group: Potential Members
• Community leaders & advocates• Consumers• Health and nutrition service providers• Health organizations• Schools• Political office holders or their staff• Fitness, Parks & Rec professionals• Representatives from greater community health
planning groups• Food systems representatives
Community Description• Geographic boundaries• General history• Key people and leaders• Demographics• Financial & economic information• Important issues• Morale and involvement levels• Key allies and rivals• Unspoken rules and norms• Attitudes and opinions• Strengths and shortcomings
Identify Community Assets
• Physical structure, place, business• Concerned citizens• History of successful efforts• Organizations• Individual and group skills• Communications systems• Relationships
Identify Perceived Needs
• WHY?– To understand public opinion– To become aware of needs the planning
group doesn’t know about– To gather support & expand group expertise– To make decisions about priorities– To plan programs in ways that will be
acceptable to stakeholders
How do we assess perceived needs?
• Listening sessions• Public forums• Key informant interviews• Needs assessment survey or survey of
concerns
Demographic Profile
• Economic status: income, employment, % below poverty
• Education levels• Age and gender• Race & ethnicity• Social factors: homelessness, immigration
status, family composition, TANF utilization
Community Health Status
• Causes of Mortality• Hospital discharge data• Disease prevalence data• Food bourne illness reports• Years of potential life lost• Infant mortality
Community Nutritional Status• Pregnancy related:
– weight gain in pregnancy– Pre-pregnancy weight– Anemia
• Disease prevalence: HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
• Activity levels (BRFSS)• Food intake: fat, fruits & vegetables (BRFSS)• Dental health• Food/dieting related behaviors (YRBS)• Food Security (BRFSS)
Community Nutrition Resources
• Food assistance programs (WIC, SNAP, summer feeding programs for school children, etc.)
• Educational programs• Media• Professional and non-profit organizations• Nutrition counseling
Community Food Resources
• Grocery stores with high quality produce• Food service with health promoting food
options• Farmers’ Markets• Vegetable gardens• Community Supported Agriculture• Supports for growing local foods
Community Resources & Service Utilization
• What resources are available?• To what extent are people using them?• Sources of Information:
– Citizens– Service providers
• Tools– Existing data– Interviews– Surveys
Criteria for defining/prioritizing community problems
• Frequency• Duration• Scope or range• Severity• Perceptions• Root causes (“but why?”) & ability to impact root
causes (effectiveness of interventions)• Barriers to resolutions• Political and financial support
Group Work: Develop Problem List
• Brainstorm nutrition related issues & problems that arise from these data
• Choose 5 issues that are of interest to all stakeholders
• Prioritize these issues using criteria in these slides
• Establish the one issue or problem that all stakeholders will be comfortable working on for the next two weeks