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8/2/2019 Community Law Notes Unit 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/community-law-notes-unit-2 1/6
Community Law Notes Unit 2
Topic: Institutions of the EU
1 The role of the Council - Article 16(1) TEU identifies the role of the Council in the
following:
Jointly with the European Parliament exercise legislative and budgetary function as laid down in
the Treaties
It is often said that the Commission proposes and the council disposes; the council is the key
decision maker within the EU.
Forming international agreements on behalf of the Member States possibly on trade, technology,
and development etc
Approving the EU Budget- the budget is in two parts: compulsory (for instance agricultural) and
non compulsory (which deals with the un keep of the institutions). Both Council and Parliament
must agree on the budget
The EU can usefully work in co-operation on areas such as drug- trafficking, international fraud
and terrorism.
The Council is the major legislative organ. It makes the final decision on the on any legislation.
On this basis the voting system in Council is also very important.
2 the European Council ± is not a creation of the Treaties
Following the Lisbon Treaty it is now an institution of the EU governed by Art 235 -36 TFEU
and 15 of the TEU
Its role is to provide the Union with the necessary impetus for development and to define the
general political guidelines¶
3 The role of the Commission ± to initiate legislation, to enforce the law, to implement policy
and the EU budget.
To initiate legislation - the commission proposes legislation and can draft proposals on anything
covered by the Treaties which it presents to Parliament and the Council in doing so it takes
advice from the economic and social committee and the Committee of the Regions. Also
operates according to the subsidiary principle.
1
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To enforce law- often been referred to as the watchdog or guardian of the Treaties. Article 10
demands that all Member States are obliged to achieve the objectives of the Treaties. The
Commission must always make sure that all Member State is applying the EC Law properly.
To implement policy of the EU Budget ± the Commission have executive functions. As a result
it is responsible for managing policy. Also responsible for the compulsory budget, still havesupervisory responsibility
To represent the EU Internationally: the Commissioner speaks for all the Member States in
international meetings such as the World Trade Organization or the United Nations.
4. European Parliament ± amends laws and creates laws responsible for consultation and
Article 123 TFEU.
It has a role in legislation. Under the cooperation procedure, introduced in the SEA, it also has aconsultative role. It is also able to examine the annual work programme of the Commission.
It has a supervisory role over the EU institutions. This is particularly the case with the
Commission. Parliament must approve each new Commission. It is also able to send questions to
the Council. And express its views to each meeting of the European Council.
It has power over the budget. Parliament is required to approve each annual budget in the case of
failure to accept the budget the effect is dramatic since this includes the day to day payment of
all officials in the institutions. The Treaty of Lisbon extended the power of Parliament over the
budget.
5 The European Court of Justice- is found in Arts 251-281 TFEU and by statute of the
Court of Justice consists of 15 Judges
By Arts 13 (2) TEU the Court of justice and the General Court can only act in areas where
Jurisdiction has been specifically given to them in the Treaties. There are three central objectives
in the work of the court
To ensure that in application and interpretation the law is observed
To provide a forum for resolving disputes between the institutions, Member States and
individuals
To protect individual rights -
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6 Court of First Instance ± known as the General Court which was created in the SEA.
Governed by Arts 256 TFEU and identify the type of case that could be heard by the court.
Different types of
The main institutions and organs of CARICOM:
The conference of the heads of government
The Conference is the supreme Organ of the Community and determines and provides policydirection for the Community.
Except where otherwise provided in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the
Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy, the Conference isthe final authority for the conclusion of treaties on behalf of the Community and for entering into
relationships between the Community and international organisations and States.
The Conference may take decisions in order to establish the financial arrangements necessary todefray the expenses of the Community and is the final authority on questions arising in relation
to the financial affairs of the Community.
The Council for Finance and Planning (COFAP) - subject to the relevant provisions of Article 12
(Functions and Powers of the Conference) of the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing
the Caribbean Community including , COFAP shall have primary responsibility for economic
policy co-ordination and financial and monetary integration of Member States and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, shall:
c) recommend measures to achieve and maintain fiscal discipline by theGovernments of the Member States;
(e) promote the establishment and integration of capital markets in the
Community, and
(f) undertake any additional functions remitted to it by the Conferencearising under this Treaty.
3. Under the direction of COFAP, the Committee of Central Bank Governors shall assist in the
performance of the functions mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article.
COUNCIL FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (COTED):
1. The Council for Trade and Economic Development shall consist of Ministers designated by
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the Member States. Each Member State shall be entitled to designate alternates to represent it on
COTED.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 12, COTED shall be responsible for the promotion of trade
and economic development of the Community. In particular, COTED shall:
(b) evaluate, promote and establish measures to enhance production, quality control and
marketing of industrial and agricultural commodities so as to ensure their international
competitiveness;
(d) determine and promote measures for the accelerated development and marketing of services;
(e) promote and develop policies and programmes to facilitate the transportation of people and
goods;
(f) promote measures for the development of energy and natural resources on a sustainable basis;
(j) undertake any additional functions remitted to it by the Conference, arising under this Treaty.
The Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR)
1. The Council for Foreign and Community Relations shall consist of Ministers Responsible for the Foreign Affairs of Member States. Each Member State shall be entitled to designate an
alternate to represent it on COFCOR.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 12 (Functions and Powers of the Conference) of theRevised Treaty establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market
and Economy, COFCOR shall be responsible for determining relations between the Communityand international organizations and Third States«
3. Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph 2, COFCOR shall:
(a) promote the development and oversee the operation of the CSME;
(b) evaluate, promote and establish measures to enhance production,quality control and marketing of industrial and agricultural commodities
so as to ensure their international competitiveness;
(c) establish and promote measures to accelerate structural diversificationof industrial and agricultural production on a sustainable and regionally-
integrated basis;
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(d) determine and promote measures for the accelerated development andmarketing of services;
(e) promote and develop policies and programmes to facilitate the
transportation of people and goods;
(f) promote measures for the development of energy and natural resourceson a sustainable basis;
(g) establish and promote measures for the accelerated development of
science and technology;
(h) promote and develop policies for the protection of and preservation of the environment and for sustainable development;
4. Only Member States possessing the necessary competence with respect to the matters under consideration from time to time may take part in the deliberations of COFCOR.
The Council for Human and Social Development (COHSOD)
1. The Council for Human and Social Development shall consist of Ministers designated by the
Member States. Each Member State shall be entitled to designate alternates to represent it onCOHSOD.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 12 (Functions and Powers of the Conference) of the
Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including theCARICOM Single Market and Economy , COHSOD shall be responsible for the promotion of
human and social development in the Community. In particular, COHSOD shall:
(a) promote the improvement of health, including the development and
organisation of efficient and affordable health services in the Community;
(b) promote the development of education through the efficientorganisation of educational and training facilities in the Community,
including elementary and advanced vocational training and technicalfacilities;
(c) promote and develop co-ordinated policies and programmes to
improve the living and working conditions of workers and takeappropriate measures to facilitate the organisation and development of
harmonious labour and industrial relations in the Community;
(d) establish policies and programmes to promote the development of youth and women in the Community with a view to encouraging and
enhancing their participation in social, cultural, political and economicactivities;
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(e) promote and establish programmes for the development of culture and
sports in the Community;
(f) promote the development of special focus programmes supportive of
the establishment and maintenance of a healthy human environment in theCommunity, and
(g) undertake any additional functions remitted to it by the Conference,arising under this Treaty.
3. Without prejudice to the requirements of any other provision of the Revised Treaty, COHSOD
shall promote co-operation among the Member States in the areas set out in the schedule to theRevised Treaty in furtherance of the objectives set out in Article 5 of the Revised Treaty.
The council of ministers responsible for national security:
An interior ministry (sometimes ministry of home affairs) is a government ministry typicallyresponsible for policing, national security, and immigration matters. The ministry is often headed by a minister of the interior or minister of home affairs. In some countries, matters relating to
the maintenance of law and order and the administration of justice are the responsibility of aseparate justice ministry.