Community Interactions

Competition PredationSymbiosis

Competition Organisms of the

same or different species attempt to use the same ecological resource (food, water, space) in the same place at the same time

Competition

Two different butterfly species feeding on the same flowers

Two organisms want the same thing

Predation Interaction in which

one organism

captures and feeds on another organism

predator

prey

Predation

Grizzlies prey upon salmon

Predation

Rabbit and Coyote

rabbitcoyote

Ultimate Predator? Why is man

sometimes called the “Ultimate Predator”?

SymbiosisAny relationship in which two

species live closely together is called symbiosis (“living together”)

MutualismCommensalismParasitism

Mutualism Both organisms

benefit

Examples: Flowers and insects Ants and aphids- ants feed off the excrement (honeydew)

of aphids, and ants protect aphids

Mutualism Lichen

Algae and fungus living together

Commensalism One member of the

association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Examples:Spanish moss

Commensalism Whales &

Barnacles

Barnacles are "filter feeders“. Many filter feeders compete for

space on the ocean floor. Barnacles avoid this

competition by attaching themselves to whales.

Commensalism

Epiphytes“air plants”

Biology, Prentice Hall

Parasitism One benefits; one harmed

Examples: tapeworms inside mammals; fleas, ticks, and lice on mammals

Parasitism

Ticks

The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the other organism, the host.

Blacklegged Tick: An adult female blacklegged tick, engorged after a

blood meal, rests on a leaf.

BeforeAfter

Parasitism

Mistletoe

More than just a “kissing catalyst”

Works Cited Whale barnacles - Christopher M. Callahan,

Humboldt State University http://www.humboldt.edu/~cmc43/ectoparasites.html

Barnacles on Whale – Baja Jones Adventure Travel http://www.greywhale.com/photo.htm

Whale lice – Genny Anderson, Marine Science, Santa Barbara City College http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/marinesci/05nekton/GWsouth.htm

Grizzly Bear – Mineral Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.comhttp://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/

anGrizzlyBearFish.htm

Works Cited Artic Hare – U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of

GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anArcticHare.htm

Coyote – National Park Service courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anCoyote.htm

Ground Squirrel – U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anGroundSquirell.htm

Works Cited Falcon – Bureau of Land Management courtesy of

GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/birdFalcon.htm

Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly - Bureau of Land Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/butterflyTigerSwallowtail.htm

Karner Blue Butterfly - U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/butterflyKarnerBlue.htm

Works Cited Elk Herd – Bureau of Land Management courtesy

of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anElkHerd.htm

Moose - EPA courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anMoose.htm

Bison - USDA courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anBuffalo4.htm

Bee on Purple Flower – BigFoto.com http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/nature/flowers/flower-bee-8j6.jpg

Works Cited Spanish Moss – J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS

PLANTS Database, USDA-NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_profile.cgi&symbol=TIUS&photoID=tius_001_ahp.jpg

Black Legged Tick – Scott Bauer, USDA courtesy of Junglewalk.com. http://www.junglewalk.com/frames.asp

Mistletoe – US Forest Service http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue/swofidsc/dmistletoe/dmistletoe.html