Community Development Unit Local Development Plan … LDP eng. final draft...Annex 3: Documentation of Working Group Results Annex 4: Ex-ante Assessment Annex 5: Documentation of Decisions

Mina LDP

COUNCIL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION Economic and Social Fund for Development Project

Funded by the European Union Financing Agreement No. LBN/B7-4100/IB/99/0225

Community Development Unit

Local Development Plan for the Community of Old Mina

Beirut July 2006

ESFD Lebanon EC-Project No. LBN/B7-4100/IB/99/0225

Council for Development and Reconstruction FMU and PMU - AHT/VAKAKIS/NSCE

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Table of Contents 1. The Community of Mina ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Location ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Population............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Habitat and Living Conditions............................................................................... 2 1.4 Economy and Employment .................................................................................. 3 1.5 Natural Environment ........................................................................................... 4 1.6 Main Trends and Challenges ............................................................................... 4

2. The Local Development Planning Process ..................................................................... 6 3. Community Mobilisation ................................................................................................. 8

3.1 Local Governance and Participation..................................................................... 8 3.2 Target Groups.................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Stakeholder Analysis.......................................................................................... 13 3.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 14

4. Problem Analysis.......................................................................................................... 15 5. Objectives Analysis and Overview of Solutions ............................................................ 20

5.1 Structure of Objectives and ESFD Support ........................................................ 20 5.2 Improving social conditions ................................................................................ 20

5.2.1 Women Empowerment................................................................................... 20 5.2.2 Improving children education.......................................................................... 21 5.2.3 Youth Development........................................................................................ 21 5.2.4 Integration of Disabled Persons...................................................................... 21 5.3 Promoting Local Economic Development........................................................... 21

5.3.1 Increasing the Productivity of the Old Souk .................................................... 22 5.3.2 Increasing the productivity of the tourism sector............................................. 22 5.3.3 Increasing the productivity of the fishing sector .............................................. 22 5.4 Lowering Risks for Human Health ...................................................................... 23

5.4.1 Environmental Preservation ........................................................................... 23 5.4.2 Improving Health Services.............................................................................. 23 5.5 Strengthening the Local Institutional Framework................................................ 23

6. Summary of the Local Development Plan and ESFD Contribution ............................... 25

6.1 Summary of the Local Development Plan .......................................................... 25 6.2 ESFD Contribution ............................................................................................. 25



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List of Figures Figure 1: Location Map 35 Figure 2: Local Development Planning Cycle 7 Figure 3: Framework of Local Dialogue 12 Figure 4: Problem Analysis (Problem Tree) 18 Figure 5: Problem Analysis (Problem Map) 19 Figure 6: Objectives and Strategy Analysis 24 Figure 7: Strategy for Reaching the Objectives 26 Figure 8: Logical Framework Matrix for the ESFD Financial Contribution 29 Figure 9: Proposed Funding of Projects for the Old Mina Community 31 List of Annexes Annex 1: Memorandum of Understanding between the Mina Municipal Council and the

ESFD Project Annex 2: Stakeholder Analysis Annex 3: Documentation of Working Group Results Annex 4: Ex-ante Assessment Annex 5: Documentation of Decisions of the Municipal Council



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List of Abbreviations CDP Community Development Project CDR Council for Development and Reconstruction EC European Community ESFD Economic and Social Fund for Development EU European Union FMU Fund Management Unit FMU-MD FMU Managing Director GOL Government of Lebanon GOs Governmental Organizations LBP Lebanese Pound MC Municipal Council MOIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities MOSA Ministry of Social Affairs MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non Government Organization PCM Project Cycle Management PMU Project Management Unit SDSC Social Development Service Centre TEDO Tripoli Environment and Development Observatory



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1. The Community of Mina 1.1 Location

The city of Mina is located in the caza of Tripoli, North Lebanon governorate (muhafazat). It is located at sea level, with an average altitude of 2 to 3 meters. Mina’s overall surface is estimated at 373.3 hectares. The city is 3 km away from Tripoli, the capital of Northern Lebanon, and 80 Km from the capital Beirut.

The partnership between the ESFD and the MC of Mina covers a portion of the city, i.e. Old Mina, the historical part1. Old Mina has an overall surface of 50.8 hectares (representing 14% of Mina’s total surface).

The geographical boundaries of Old Mina are:

From North: Cornish Jamal Abed El Nasser.

From South: Port Said avenue.

From East: Mina Gate (Al Shirah Square).

From West: the sea corniche.

The area is divided into two clusters commonly known as "Terab Al-Islam2” and “Terab Al-Masihiyeen3”, (known as Yaacoub Al Labban Square). The entire location is bordered by Khan el Tamathil, which is an important historical site.

With time, the old city witnessed drastic transformations that affected its social and urban fabric. A very important event was the opening of the large avenue of Port Said, which cut the old city and contributed to its isolation from the rest of the city.

Despite this isolation, the Old Mina remains an integral part of the overall city of Mina, which enjoys the following characteristics:

Mina is a peninsula looking over the Mediterranean Sea. As its name indicates, it is the harbor of a much bigger city, Tripoli.

It is considered one of the five main coastal cities in Lebanon along with Tyre, Sidon, Beirut and Byblos.

1 Cadastral Areas: Mina (1), Mina (2) and Mina (3) 2 Muslim cemetries 3 Christian cemetries



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1.2 Population

Old Mina has a total population of 18.824 people4, i.e. 35% of the total population living in Mina). The population density is very high and reaches 370 residents per hectare.

The average family size varies according to confessions. Among Christian families the average family size is 3 persons per household, while among Muslim families, it varies between 7 to 12 persons per household. This is much higher than the national average in Lebanon reaching 4.3 persons per household (CAS reports 2005).

An important aspect of Mina’s demographic structure is the confessional mixture: Muslims represent 55%, Orthodox Christians 30% and other confessions 15% mainly Maronite, Syriac and Alaouite. People in Mina always emphasize their peaceful religious coexistence, which did never lead to conflicts during war time (1975-1990), unlike other Lebanese cities. Also, Mina distinguishes itself by the politically engaged population and active involvement in the life of the city. This is mainly due to people’s strong sense of belonging to THEIR city. "Minti5” is a common expression often used by local people to express this belongingness and their high interest in the life of their city. 1.3 Habitat and Living Conditions

Mina’s urban fabric is historic: old architecture of buildings (some of them date back before 1912) as well as the small and irregular alleys. The current MC newly transformed the city into a pedestrian area. The function of Old Mina is mainly residential.There are 3486 dwellings. Around 90% of the buildings have 1 to 3 stories (old buildings). Very few newer buildings have 6 to 10 stories and they do not match with the city’s historical urban fabric. In general, housing conditions are inadequate in several aspects:

Small size of living space compared with the large size of the family. Recent studies showed that 70% of houses had a surface varying between 50 and 100 m2 (i.e. space allocated per person does not exceed 10 m2).

Overcrowding: due to the long historic growth of the city, most buildings lack proper planning and are very close to each other. Sunlight cannot enter most of the houses causing high and unhealthy humidity.

4 According to TEDO reports 5 Minti i.e. My Mina



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Most of the houses are connected to a wastewater network. However, the network is inadequate. It dates back to decades. In addition, sewage is directly channeled into the sea without treatment causing heavy pollution of sea water.

Drinking water is polluted due to the infiltration of sewage in underground water. People have to purchase drinking water as the only alternative.

Most houses are connected to the electricity network. However, people complain about the frequent cut of electrical power. In addition, violations and illegal branching of electrical wires is common practice in Old Mina.

1.4 Economy and Employment

Old Mina is a very poor community:

The unemployment rate reaches 21%, which is a very high compared to the average unemployment rate of the Caza, estimated at 6.61%6.

High unemployment is closely correlated to low average household income, which varies between LBP 300.000 (USD 200) and LBP 400.000 (USD 266) per month. This is below the lower poverty line for Lebanon, estimated by the ESFD at LBP 471.000 (USD 314) per month for an average household of 4.64 members7.

A large proportion of Mina’s labour force is working in the fishing sector (around 2350 people). This includes fishermen as well as fishing-related activities, such as maintenance of tools and equipment (nets, boats and others).

Other sectors attracting the local workforce include handcrafts (especially in the furniture industry), public sector employment in schools, port and customs offices as well as free commercial trade.

Mina offers very limited opportunities for the residents to improve their living conditions. The local economy is made of traditional and uncompetitive sectors:

Restauration businesses (snacks, cafés, small restaurants) and bakeries are wide-spread and an important economic activity in Old Mina.

More than 40 small vegetable and fruit shops. Most of them are located in the "Terab Al-Islam“ cluster.

6 Poverty Analysis and Targeting Mechanism for the ESFD Project, Beirut, November 2002, Chapter 2.3.2. 7 Ibid



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Around 20 gorcery shops.

The weak economic structure offer very little opportunities for women in Old Mina. Over 78 per cent of them are unemployed. This correlates with their weak educational status: 36% of women are illiterate and around 19% achieved only primary education. If employed, women work from home in informal jobs that do not need formal education, such as cooking, sewing and home cleaning services. In addition, it is worth noting that most wives of fishermen help their husbands in the fishing activity (mainly knitting and maintaining fishing tools and nets).

The weak economic structure in Old Mina contributes largely to deteriorating living conditions in Old Mina.

1.5 Natural Environment

Mina is densely populated. Natural resources are scarce and are limited to the Mediterranean Sea. The environment is unhealthy. Residents in Old Mina are exposed to:

Unsafe solid waste management,

Unsafe wastewater disposal.

Lack of green spaces.

With respect to solid waste management, a private company carries out waste collection under the supervision of Al-Fayhaa Union of Municipalities. The unsafe disposal and treatment of solid waste is directly causing severe pollution and posing high risks on human health.

The unsafe disposal of wastewater is another main environmental problem in Mina. The existing wastewater network is old and inadequate. This is causing the infiltration of sewage into underground water, polluting the only available source of drinking water of the community. Untreated wastewater is channelled directly into the sea, which poses a serious threat on the marine life, the main source of living for the majority of the Mina community.

Finally, Mina lacks sufficient green spaces. According to TEDO, green spaces represent only 2.61% of the overall surface of the city, which is far below the international recommended rate.

1.6 Main Trends and Challenges

Old Mina is a poor urban community where the existing severe poverty is worsened by a combination of socio-economic, demographic, housing and environmental issues. Despite the significant development efforts made by the MC and NGOs during the last few years, challenges facing the local community of Mina are numerous. Population pressure, lacking perspectives for the young and for women, deteriorating health and environmental conditions, weak education and cultural services are combined with high unemployment and low income. Weak skills and know how worsen the limited local employment opportunities. On the other hand, Mina offers a number of opportunities that can contribute to the creation of jobs and to the improvement of living conditions:



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a. Potentials for developing the tourism sector

There are sound perspectives for the development of the tourism sector. Old Mina has numerous important historical sites (Khan Al Tamathily, old mosques and churches) as well as natural locations (sea cornishe and natural islands). In addition, the old city is by itself a unique cultural and historical site that has the potential to attract tourists. The basic elements for an integrated tourism development plan for Old Mina exist. The main challenge remains in joining forces, creating synergies and assist Mina to develop into a key tourism hub for local and foreign visitors. Future development perspectives should considerably focus on this promising opportunity. b. Fishermen and other related fishing activities

Fishermen and people working in fishing related activities represent a large proportion of the local labour force in Mina. The development perspectives of the fishing sector are currently declining. The decrease in the productivity of the sector is directly affecting the income of hundreds of fishermen and thousands of households. In this context, the challenge is to develop the productivity of the fishery sector and to contribute to the stabilisation of income earning opportunities for the largest socio-professional group of the community. c. Youth and Women

The poor living conditions in Mina are directly affecting women and the young population. These two groups face numerous challenges: unemployment, educational under-achievement, lacking perspectives, feelings of exclusion and increasing delinquency among the young are trends that should be reversed as soon as possible.



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2. The Local Development Planning Process

The ESFD Community Development Component

The Economic and Social Fund for Development (ESFD) contributes to poverty alleviation in Lebanon. It is an “Apex”-Institution, mobilising intermediary partners to implement poverty alleviation action in job creation and community development. Self-help assistance, needs and demand orientation, active participation, sound ownership, sustainability, gender equity and ecological sensitivity are the key trademarks of the ESFD. The ESFD is funded by the European Union (EU) and by the Government of Lebanon (GOL).

The Community Development Component of the ESFD helps to improve the access of the poor to basic social services and their living conditions. It builds on the mobilization of group initiatives in the most deprived areas of Lebanon.

Municipal Councils

Municipal Councils (MCs) are the main ESFD Partners in community development. They lead the formulation of an integrated vision of medium term local development in close collaboration with community-based organisations, committees and working groups. They lead the identification of priorities, required interventions and projects, which shall approach progressively the community to the co-ordinated vision. They co-ordinate, supervise and monitor the implementation of sustainable projects. The collaboration principles between MCs and the ESFD are laid down in Memoranda of Understanding (see Annex 1).

Local Development Planning

Local development planning is a participatory process comprising the successive steps of community mobilisation, creation of structures for dialogue (committees / working groups), situation analysis, detailed problem analysis, objective analysis and strategy analysis. These steps are illustrated in Figure 1. The ESFD provides technical assistance support to local communities to implement this planning cycle.

- The mobilisation of the community is undertaken through the systematic dissemination of information, the analysis of all relevant local stakeholders and the establishment of contact with interest groups, community based organisations and other actors to create awareness of the planning process and to mobilise active participation by the community.

- Planning dialogue needs to be structured and formalised. The creation of committees and working groups is essential to provide a platform for the most active citizens and to share responsibility for contributions to the planning process.

- The situation analysis allows for detailed diagnostics and provides the statistical base for measuring the impact of the local development plans.

- The detailed problem hierarchy illustrates the cause-effect relations of problems perceived and identified by the community.

- The objectives analysis shows the structure of ends and means. It leads to the identification of solutions to be brought about with the assistance of the ESFD or of other public or private institutions (strategy analysis).



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- The strategy analysis represents the “Local Development Plan”. The communities specify their priorities according to this analysis and they propose the projects for which they seek assistance from the ESFD (demand driven approach). On this basis the logical framework planning for the ESFD contribution is developed and preliminary project identification is performed, allowing the elaboration of grant agreements for the mobilisation of funds.

Figure 2: Local Development Planning Cycle

1. Conclusion of the Memorandum of Understanding

5. Participatory Problem Analysis

3. Creation of Dialogue Structures

7. Co-ordination of Strategies and Priorities

6. Analysis of Objectives and Solutions

2. Community mobilization, target group and stakeholder analysis,

information dissemination

8. Further project planning steps

4. Situation Analysis (Ex-ante evaluation)



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3. Community Mobilisation 3.1 Local Governance and Participation

Structures for Local Decision Making

There is a variety of local decision-making structures in Mina: The MC, the Union of Municipalities of Al Fayhaa, twelve Mukhtars as well as a significant number of GOs and NGOs.

The Municipality was founded in 1920. The recently elected MC (year 2004) is composed of 21 members. Only one woman was appointed as member of the MC.

Since its election, the MC, in cooperation with other local organizations, was able to implement projects responding to urgent local needs, such as: infrastructure upgrading, studying the rehabilitation of major historical sites (Khan Al Tamathily), establishing a fish market, and others.

Since the Municipality is a member in the Al Fayhaa Union of Municipalities, Mina benefits from common projects such as solid waste collection, spraying pesticides and other joint projects. In addition, being member in a number of regional and international cities networks, the Mina Municipality is well exposed and positioned to mobilise development initiatives.

Participatory local decision-making involving the MC and the local community is not new in Old Mina. The MC issues a municipal newsletter that includes information related to municipal work. The Municipality cooperates with local stakeholders (NGOs and CBOs) to implement specific projects. This cooperation stops when the project is completed. As such, although participatory processes exist in a way or another, they are not institutionalised within a clear and structured framework.

The previous experience of the MC in development work facilitated significantly the imple-mentation of the partnership with ESFD. The MC views this partnership as an opportunity to:

Strengthening coordination structures with the local community and concerned stakeholders.

Building local consensus on urgent issues and needs.

Integrating the proposed ESFD interventions within on-going development initiatives.

The MC, represented by the Mayor, fully cooperated with the ESFD technical assistance team and provided all necessary support to ensure effective community participation.

The Mukhtars are important local decision-makers and fully integrated into the particular local context. They were involved in the entire planning process and they viewed partnership with ESFD a supportive factor to contribute to the improvement of living conditions in Mina.

The presence of GOs in Mina includes a Social Development Service Centre (SDSC) of MoSA, the post office and one police station. The SDSC is considered a key local development agent in Mina. It implements a number of local projects serving different groups (women, children and youth) and it undertakes necessary studies to assess local needs. SDSC representatives took active part in the ESFD dialogue structures and contributed greatly to the formulation of the Local Development Plan (LDP).



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The Mina community is characterized by a vibrant civil society, which encompasses 24 NGOs and CBOs. NGOs in Mina are extremely active. They work closely with the local community and provide support to a diversity of disadvantaged groups (children, women, elderly, disabled etc.).

Representatives from NGOs were also key partners in the planning process. They participated in all meetings and considered their participation a key requirement to identify adequate interventions that respond directly to the local needs and priorities.

The preliminary visits undertaken to Mina resulted in the signature of the Memorandum of Understanding with the ESFD Project, which took place on 29 March 2006 (refer to MoU, Annex 1)

The Community Mobilisation Process

The community mobilisation process in Mina started in March 2006. Methods adopted for community mobilization in Mina were designed as a gradual process, which included three main steps:

1. Building partnership with ESFD

This inception step entailed the organization of meetings with MC members to introduce the ESFD partnership principles and regulations, the content of the MoU and the creation of a sound consensus for implementing partnership with ESFD. To follow up, General Assemblies with GOs and NGOs took place with the aim of sharing the MoU spirit, content and work plan and to encourage the local community to take part in the planning process.

2. Committees Formation

Two General Assembly meetings were organized gathering not less than 50 representatives of local stakeholders (MC members, GOs, mukhtars, NGOs, CBOs and community representatives). The two meetings resulted in establishing five thematic committees: (1) Social Development, (2) Local Economic Development, (3) Environment, (4) Women issues and (5) Youth issues. Each committee was composed of approximately 9 persons.

3. Launching and implementing LDP cycle

Committee members played a crucial role in implementing the LDP cycle and in developing necessary documents. They extensively contributed to:

Implementing the ex-ante assessments (field surveys, interviews, secondary data review…);

Identifying problems and objectives; Proposing solutions and strategies; Developing selected priority projects.

The process for achieving all steps of the planning cycle required the organization several sessions gathering the committee members. Every session was structured to include four main steps: (1) Training support to acquaint attendants with concepts and techniques (2) Technique application through working groups (3) Presentation and



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discussion (4) Validation. This approach encouraged people to actively take part in proposing ideas and discussing outputs.

The record of the main community mobilisation events is given in Table 1.

Table 1: Record of Major Community Mobilisation Events

Date Target Group Subject of Workshop / Meeting No. of

Participants

02/03 & 0703 MC Two meetings with the MC to build

partnership 10

14/03 & 04/04

MC, mukhtars, GOs, NGOs and community representatives

Two GA assembly meetings to mobilize the community and form committees 50

04/04-15/05

MC, GOs and NGOs

Ex-ante assessments, meetings with committees, follow up on progress and assist in report writing

45

18/05 Local Community

Stakeholder analysis sessions 21

22/05 MC, GOs and NGOs

Validation workshop ex-ante assessment and stakeholder analysis

40

29/05 Local Community Problem analysis session 40


Problem analysis validation – Objective analysis sessions 26


Objective analysis validation – Strategy analysis 26

The following conclusions are drawn from the mobilisation process:

The implementation of the LDP process relied significantly on existing resources, namely local actors, and specifically NGOs and MC. They proved to be very knowledgeable about the local specificities and needs. Their participation in committees represented an important input to the LDP process.

A number of assessment studies were recently undertaken in Old Mina. Those studies significantly helped the TA team and committee members in analysing local issues and trends.

Training Application Presentation & Discussion

Final Validation

Step (1) Step (2) Step (3) Step (4)



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Development planning and participation are not new concepts to the local actors in Old Mina. NGOs and MC did have previous experience in implementing similar assignments, which facilitated the implementation of the LDP process.

NGOs and the MC are in direct contact with the local community in general and, more specifically, with most needy people. This particular aspect helped committee members in the self-diagnosis assignments using different participatory techniques, namely, interviews, focus group meetings and participatory observation.

Local conflicts in Mina are limited. Weakness lies in the poor participatory structures. Competition spirit among NGOs prevails over sound coordination, which sometimes hinders the local development process.



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Figure 3: Framework of Local Dialogue in Old Mina

Municipal Council of Mina

MC Committee

NGO / MC Committee for Youth issues

NGO / MC Committee for Women issues

NGO / MC Committee for Local Economic

Development

NGO / MC Committee for Environment

NGO / MC Committee for Social Development

Health Education Fishing sector

Cultural heritage (Old

Souk)

Natural resources (sea shore, natural

islands…)

Tourism sector



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3.2 Target Groups

The following groups are exposed to particular constraints in Mina:

People’s lives in Mina depend on the sea. There are 2350 persons who depend on fishing activity as a main source of income (fishing and maintaining equipments). The majority of this group is illiterate. From an economic perspective, the productivity of this sector is declining, mainly due to (1) using unsafe fishing methods and (2) reliance on traditional techniques. This represents a real threat to sustain decent living of a large number of households.

Artisans and craftsmen are limited by the small size of their enterprises. Although they are skilled, this group finds difficulties developing their business because of (1) high production cost; (2) limited financial resources and difficulties in obtaining loans.

Women have very difficult living conditions in Mina. 78% of them are unemployed. 36% of them are illiterate. A large number of women face domestic violence (physical and verbal).

Young people aged between 12 and 35 years represent 79% of the population in Mina. Most of them have low educational achievements. 36% are illiterate, due to early school dropout. This group works informally in low skilled and underpaid jobs. University graduates represent around 25% of the overall youth group. They face difficulties finding job opportunities in the city. This is the reason why they decide to leave Mina and look for jobs in other cities or abroad. Adolescents are highly exposed to delinquency. Community representatives reported cases of drug addiction, alcoholism as well as other practices.

In Old Mina, there are 75 cases of disabled persons. 45% of these cases are aged between 31 and 50 years old and 24% between 11 and 30. This group is largely excluded from Old Mina’s social, educational, economic and cultural life.

3.3 Stakeholder Analysis

The stakeholder analysis was carried out in two main steps:

Step (1): Data gathering, using the following techniques:

Interviews undertaken with MC, Mukhtars, the fishermen cooperative and craftsmen.

Provision of a school data sheet covering 26 private and public schools.

Collection and review available secondary data (NGO databases and existing surveys).

Hold a session gathering concerned institutions. Participants presented their particular interest and potentials for the local development process.

Step (2): Validation

A session to validate the findings of the stakeholder analysis took place on 22/05/2006 (workshop). The results of the session were presented and approved by the community representatives (see annex 3).



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There is a large variety of local actors in Mina. They include:

a. The Municipal Council.

b. Twelve Mukhtars.

c. A fishermen cooperative and the fishermen syndicate. The syndicate covers the entire Northern region and was established in 1971. The cooperative has 407 members (90% of members are from Mina), the syndicate of Northern Lebanon has 2,500 members.

d. NGOs in Mina are diverse and numerous (24 organizations). 13 out of the 24 NGOs are located in Old Mina. The others are located outside but they provide services to the local community. The NGOs in Old Mina range from large, well-organized institutions working in many locations to small ones operating in one neighbourhood with a tiny budget. They also vary in their intervention approach. Some apply participatory principles and techniques, some apply very traditional, top down philanthropic approaches. The NGOs cover different sectors: education, arts and culture, environment, health, social services as well as sports.

e. Governmental organizations are represented by the SDSC (affiliated to the MoSA), post ser vices and the police station. The SDSC was established in 1998 and implements community development activities. The work of the centre is hindered by several factors, mainly the weak response from the local community.

f. Mina has 26 schools (public and private). Nine of these schools are located in Old Mina and have around 80% of the overall number of Old Mina students. The other students attend schools outside Old Mina.

3.4 Conclusion

As mentioned earlier, Old Mina is characterized by the presence of an array of active local organizations (NGOs, GOs and MC). These organisations are not only well knowledgeable about the local context but also have large experience and know-how in local development practices. In this context, the LDP process was successful in capitalizing on available resources and know-how in Mina and hence, contributed significantly in promoting the participation of local actors.

The MC also played a key role since the early stages of the partnership to ensure successful community mobilisation and make sure that local actors take an active part in the LDP process.

Local actors (MC, NGOs and CDSC) mediated between the ESFD and concerned community groups. They were in charge of implementing participatory approaches (focus group meetings, interviews, observation), to assess the needs of the local community and propose accordingly solutions responding to these needs.



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4. Problem Analysis

Participatory elaboration of the problem analysis

The problem analysis was carried out in two consecutive sessions:

Session one was designed to collect all problems, discuss them, cluster them and organize them in cause and effects relationships.

Session two aimed at validating the problem tree and reaching consensus.

During session one, participants were introduced to the Meta-Plan Technique, which is a participatory method for a visualised discussion of larger groups, facilitating consensus building. Thematic working groups formulated problem statements, which were presented and discussed with the audience. The discussion focused on the adequate re-formulation of statements, the elimination of expressions that double up and reaching consensus on the core problem.

Session two focused on validating the problem tree and discussing cause-effects factors for clustered problems.

The core problem that the community of Old Mina is facing relates to the accelerated decline in the living conditions, which is leading to: (a) rising poverty levels, (b) high rates of migration and (c) discouraging investment climate.

The community identified four main factors causing the accelerated decline in living conditions:

Social deterioration;

Decline in the local economical situation;

Increased threats on human health and;

Poor local institutional framework.

Social Deterioration

Four main groups are directly affected by the degrading social conditions in Old Mina, i.e. women, youth, children and disabled.

Women-related issues

As mentioned above, women in Old Mina have low educational levels and are excluded from economic activities. There are signs and feelings of frustration. Self-confidence among women is decreasing. Their role in sustaining the life of households is limited types of jobs aims that reduce vulnerability to economic shocks (changes in income, illness…), being dependent on inadequate and un-fixed income from their husband.

Youth-related issues

The young constitute a large percentage of the local community in Old Mina (those aged between 12 and 35 years old represent 70% of Mina population). Job perspectives in Old Mina are very limited. Young people suffer from high levels of boredom and frustration.



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The community has little to offer to fill in their empty time. They spend most of their times in the streets and are exposed to delinquency (drug addiction, alcoholism, violence etc.).

Children-related issues

Children in Old Mina are faced with the problem of educational underachievement. This is due to a number of factors: (a) parents’ difficulty to cooperate with the new educational methods and curricula and (b) limited school capacities to deal with the increasing number of students. Children drop out of school at early ages and enrol in the informal labour market.

Being vulnerable, working women, youth and children, are often exploited by their employers (underpaid, not registered in the social security etc.).

Disabled-related issues

As mentioned previously, there are 75 cases of disability in Old Mina. This group is marginalized and does not have access to necessary economic, social, educational and cultural activities.

Decline in the local economical situation

The decline in Old Mina’s economic situation is caused by three main factors:

Weak productivity of the fishing sector;

The fishing sector in Old Mina is facing a number of challenges threatening its sustainable productivity. These challenges can be categorized into to types: - Challenges related to fishing practices: the majority of fishermen still rely on

traditional and primitive techniques. They lack the necessary know how and skills, leading to high production cost.

- Legislative challenges: these relate mainly to the old and out-dated existing fishing code. In addition illegal fishing techniques are current practice causing deterioration of marine life (dynamite fishing, using illegal nets and other illegal equipment).

It is worth mentioning that all fishermen in Old Mina have no social security coverage because they are not officially recognized as having a formal job. This situation puts additional pressure on low-income fishermen.

Weak productivity of the tourism sector

Old Mina has a significant potential for the development of the tourism sector (existence of natural and historical sites, historical morphology of the Old city, handcrafts etc). This sector is limited by a number of factors: - Historical and natural sites are unexploited. Historical sites are in bad shape and

need rehabilitation, whereas natural sites (natural islands) need the necessary infrastructure to facilitate accessibility.

- Limited community awareness about the importance of existing sites. - Weak tourism promotion and guidance program to attract visitors. - Weak productivity of traditional handcrafts mainly due to competition of imported

products and high cost of production which is leading to difficulties accessing markets

Weak productivity of the Old Souk economical base

The Souk in Old Mina is the heart of the entire city. This locality is facing a number of problems summarized as follows:



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- Weak productivity of existing shops (mainly restauration businesses, grocery shops, artisan shops, i.e. carpentry for furniture production). Shop owners complained about the decline in their business operation. This is mainly due to weak planning, the chaotic set up of new shops and the low local purchase power.

- Increased traffic jams in the surroundings mainly due to the transformation of the Old Souk into a pedestrian area.

- Deterioration of the historical aspect of buildings.

Increased threats on Human Health

Increased risks on human health in Old Mina are caused by three main factors:

Bad housing conditions due to high population density and overcrowded buildings.

Heavy pollution due to (a) haphazard solid waste disposal, (b) unsafe disposal of sewage, (c) unsafe waste management and (d) lack of green spaces.

Limited capacities of health services and weak community awareness.

Poor local institutional framework

Poor local institutional framework is mainly due to three factors:

Limited financial resources.

Weak community knowledge about the role of the MC.

Limited role of concerned stakeholders (NGOs and GOs) compared to the emerging needs.

The problem analysis is visualized as the problem tree on the following page. The enclosed map illustrates the special distribution of problems in Old Mina.



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Figure 4: Problem Tree



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Figure 5: Problem Map



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5. Objectives Analysis and Overview of Solutions 5.1 Structure of Objectives and ESFD Support

General Objective and Purpose of Local Development in Old Mina

The general objective of the local development plan for Old Mina is to improve the living conditions on a sustainable basis.

The objective and strategy analysis is shown in Figure 6. The problems expressed in Figure 4 are expressed in positive terms and show the means-ends hierarchy of objectives. The objectives analysis shall become a tool for the MC to lead the local development process and mobilize for the solution of the problems identified by the community.

ESFD Support

The ESFD should support the MC in this effort. The ESFD assistance has two aspects:

- The ESFD will co-finance eligible projects according to the priorities of the community (demand driven approach)8 and gives continued support for planning, implementation and the achievement of sustainable operation and maintenance by the community. The financial support from ESFD has limits, i.e. the ceiling of EUR 400.000 set in the Memorandum of Understanding.

- The ESFD will assist the MC in mobilizing public, private or civil society institutions in solving problems for which financial support is not made available through the ESFD EC grant. The MC receives assistance in project planning and general capacity building. The purpose is to empower the local decision makers and actors to rely as much as possible on themselves in developing problem solutions in co-operation with all stakeholders.

Structure of Objectives and Solutions

The objectives analysis comprises four clusters of solutions, corresponding to the structure of the problem analysis. The solutions lie in:

Improving social conditions

Promoting local economic development

Lowering risks on human health; and

Strengthening local institutional framework.

5.2 Improving social conditions

5.2.1 Women Empowerment The two committees for women issues and social development saw the urgent need to implement the following interventions:

Institutionalising the informal economic activity of women groups. This will entail:

- To undertake a field assessment to evaluate the quality of work that women undertake from home.

8 The eligibility criteria are specified in the Memorandum of Understanding, see Annex 1, Article 3.2. They fully comply with the stipulations of the ESFD Financing Agreement.



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- To implement training sessions to teach women new skills and techniques to improve the quality of the products that are most “marketable”.

- To facilitate access to markets.

- To assist in establishing women-based cooperative.

Implementing literacy courses as well as awareness programs on different issues related to women empowerment. These services will contribute to promoting women participation in economic life.

5.2.2 Improving children education Old Mina is witnessing very high rates of school dropouts. Several factors are leading to this situation. Some of the factors relate to the educational and poor economic conditions of parents while others are mainly due by the limited capacities and number of educational institutions. Community members report that the child labor phenomenon is increasing. They work in different types of jobs, mainly hairdressers, fishing, carpentry and commerce. The social development committee proposed to implement an integrated project focusing on preventing from dropping out and on rehabilitating education for working children. The proposed project is multi-sectoral and includes four main components:

To organize remedial classes for school students to improve their learning skills.

To implement literacy classes for school dropouts.

To execute pre-vocational orientation which will target children who dropped out from school or who want to shift from regular education to vocational education

The MC envisages cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. It pushes for the establishment of a vocational training school (including hotel management) as well as a secondary school.

5.2.3 Youth Development Young people have find very little potentials to invest their energy and ambitions in Old Mina. Boredom is general due to the absence of sports, cultural and social services. The delinquency risks are high. The committees of youth issues and social development proposed the following:

To implement accelerated vocational training courses for children above 14 years (legal age to work). These courses will provide children with better working skills and thus help improve current and future working conditions.

To establish a local employment office to link youth with the local (Mina and Tripoli) and regional (Muhafaza level) and national levels. The set up of this office will be facilitated through partnership with a private recruitment firm.

5.2.4 Integration of Disabled Persons The community envisages activities to encourage the integration and accessibility of disabled groups to the social, economic and educational services.

5.3 Promoting Local Economic Development

In order to face economic challenges in Old Mina, members of the local economic development committee proposed the following solutions:



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5.3.1 Increasing the Productivity of the Old Souk As mentioned previously, the Souk in old Mina is the heart of the entire city. Committee members saw the urgent need to preserve the Souk and to transform it into a multi-functional centre that would attract the larger Mina community as well as tourists. In this context, and as part of the municipal plan to upgrade this locality (the MC had access two years ago to financial support from the World Bank to rehabilitate the pavements and lighting), the committee members proposed the following interventions:

To refurbish the external facades of shops in the Old Souk using the same historical cachet.

To rehabilitate the external facades of buildings and paint them.

To provide support from the ESFD job creation component in order to facilitate the expansion of existing enterprises and create new businesses. ESFD could also provide training to those working in this sector and facilitate access to loans.

5.3.2 Increasing the productivity of the tourism sector

Old Mina is rich in natural (seashore and natural islands) and archeological sites. They represent key assets to enhance local community development and to create job oppor-tunities. The local economy committee (tourism sub-committee) proposed the following inter-ventions to increase the productivity of the tourism sector:

To rehabilitate old stairs and to provide necessary equipment in order to set up a Permanent Cultural Exhibition, which will display and sell Mina handcrafts (wood, pottery…) as well as products manufactured by the women cooperative (see 5.2.1).

To establish the “Mina Tourism Information Point”. This intervention is a continuation of a project that was funded by the CDR-CDP. The funded project, which is implemented by Bait el Fann Association, includes training for youth groups to become tourist guides, producing a tourist plan and developing the Mina tourism website. The Tourism Information Point will capitalize on this project and will create a centre where tourists can have access to organized tourism packages: guided tours, information, maps, event promotion, guides etc.

To promote eco-tourism in Mina, including:

- The rehabilitation of natural islands and their transformation into eco-parks (funding is provided by CDR-CDP).

- The provision of infrastructure and means to link the city of Mina with the natural islands.

5.3.3 Increasing the productivity of the fishing sector The fishing sector is the major source of income for households in Old Mina (around 2350 persons). This sector faces serious financial, technical and ecological challenges. Members of the local economy committee suggested the following interventions:

To establish a fish nursery, renewing fish stocks and ensuring the sustainable continuation of fishery activities in Old Mina.

To establish a fish market (this project is funded by the CDR-CDP).

To provide support to fishermen from the ESFD job creation component in order to facilitate the renewal of old and traditional fishing equipment. ESFD could also provide training to those working in this sector and facilitate access to loans.



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5.4 Lowering Risks for Human Health

The social development committee members proposed the following interventions in order to lower risks for human health:

5.4.1 Environmental Preservation Heavy air and water pollution poses is a threat on human health and is mainly due to unsafe disposal of solid and liquid waste disposal and lack of green spaces. In this context, health sub-committee members proposed the following:

To rehabilitate Mina two public gardens: Sheikh Affan and Bi’a.

To rehabilitate the solid waste dump and apply sound treatment systems (on-going project, funding was secured from ARLA/OMSAR).

To ensure safe wastewater disposal and treatment.

5.4.2 Improving Health Services The Old Mina has limited health services. Health awareness among the local community is low. The sub committee of health suggested the following interventions:

To improve services provided by the existing municipal dispensary. This would entail ensuring necessary equipment as well as providing health services that respond to the urgent needs of the local community (dentistry clinic, medicines for chronic diseases…).

To implement health awareness campaigns targeting community groups in general and youth, children and women in specific.

5.5 Strengthening the Local Institutional Framework

Three main interventions were proposed:

To replace the existing municipal locality with more adequate premises, improving space and quality.

To establish an NGO coordination network.

To implement awareness sessions to educate the local community about the roles and responsibilities of the MC.



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Figure 6: Objective and Strategy Analysis



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6. Summary of the Local Development Plan and ESFD Contribution

6.1 Summary of the Local Development Plan

The LDP is a result of a complex participatory process that gathered local stakeholders and interested community members to debate problems, propose solutions, discuss suggestions and agree on priorities. The strategy analysis draws a general picture about the proposed solutions that respond to the direct needs of the local community. The main components of the strategy to improve living conditions in Old Mina are summarized as follows:

Improving social conditions and implementing appropriate interventions that contribute to the empowerment of most vulnerable groups, mainly women, youth, children and disabled groups.

Promoting local economic development through improving the productivity of the three main sectors: fishing, tourism and the Old Souk.

Lowering risks on human health through (a) ameliorating services provided by the municipal dispensary and raising the awareness of the local community on several health issues, (b) rehabilitate the two public gardens to increase urban green spaces and (c) implement safe methods for solid and liquid wastes disposal

Strengthening local institutional framework, improve the municipal performance and establish coordination mechanisms between NGOs.

The Old Mina objective analysis in Figure 6 shows the clusters of sub-objectives and the proposed support from concerned institutions and stakeholders. Figure 7 summarises the objectives of the plan and shows the solutions to reach these objectives. 6.2 ESFD Contribution

As agreed in the MoU (Annex 1), the ESFD financial contribution to Old Mina LDP has a value of EUR 400,000. The ESFD would support the investment cost for eligible projects and not the operation cost and maintenance cost.

The MC and the committees have debated their priorities for intervention in the context of the signed MoU with the ESFD project. The result of this process is the request of the Community to invest the financial ESFD contribution for the implementation of the following projects (see MC decision documented in Annex 5):

To support small and informal producers – the Old Mina Community Market.

To upgrade the historical Souk of Old Mina

To implement the Municipal Tourism Information Centre

To establish a fish nursery.

The projects proposed for ESFD funding have a cross-cutting impact on the situation of women and young residents. The fish nursery stabilises directly employment perspectives for young fishermen and for women helping in the maintenance of tools and implements. The tourism point and market rehabilitation project does the same – it opens opportunities for the young and women.



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The rehabilitation of the old Souk targets the status of Old Mina to become registered in the official Lebanese map of tourist places. If this succeeds, a major general impact on the local economy can be expected, including the attraction of new investors.

The strategy for reaching the objectives of the LDP for Old Mina is summarised in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows the Logical Framework Matrix which explains the intervention logic of the ESFD Project in Old Mina. Figure 9 summarises the estimated financial contributions to the proposed sub-projects.

Figure 7: Strategy for Reaching the Objectives of the Local Development Plan

No. Objectives and Solutions Supporting Stakeholders

Concept for sustainable operation and maintenance

1. 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.2.1 1.1.2.2 1.1.3 1.1.3.1 1.1.3.2

Objective cluster (1): Improving social conditions Solutions to improve social conditions Enhancing the Productivity of vulnerable groups Women Empowerment - Assess the quality of manufactured products. - Implement training sessions (quality improvement) - Assess needs for capacity building, implement

literacy courses, improve access to labor market. - Support finding access to markets. - Assist in establishing women-based cooperative. Improving children education Preventing and rehabilitating working children or children at-risk of dropping out from schools: - Organize remedial classes for school students in

order to prevent children from dropping out and to improve their learning skills of children.

- Implement literacy classes for school dropouts. - Execute pre-vocational orientation which will

target children who dropped out from school or who want to shift from regular education to vocational education

Increase the number of educational services - Establish the approved secondary school. - Establish a technical vocational school. Youth Development Accelerated Vocational Training - Assess the needs of the local market. - Design related vocational training courses. - Implement accelerated vocational training courses

for children above 14 years. - Assist in linking youth with the job market. Mina Employment Office (MEO) - Identify and ensure location of the office. - Partner with a private recruitment office to provide

necessary technical support. - Recruit staff and train them. - Research needs of the local market. - Resume exchange centre. - Provide recruitment assistance to companies. - Provide assistance to job seekers Operate the employment office.

MC, NGOs, SDSC MC, NGOs, SDSC MC in cooperation with the Ministry of Education MC, NGOs, SDSC MC, NGOs

Joint MC/NGOs/SDSC management. Establish woman-based cooperative Joint MC/NGOs and SDSC Administration. Cost recovery from collected fees Administration of the Ministry of Education. Cost recovery from collected fees Joint MC/NGOs/ and SDSC Administration. Cost recovery from collected fees Joint MC/NGOs and SDSC Administration. Cost recovery from collected fees



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No. Objectives and Solutions Supporting Stakeholders


1.1.4 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.1.1 1.2.1.2 1.2.1.3 1.2.2 1.2.2.1 1.2.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.1 1.2.3.2 1.3 1.3.1.1 1.3.1.2 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 2. 2.1 2.1.1

Disabled Integration - Design programs to facilitate disabled accessibility - Implement. Promoting Local Economic Development Solutions to promote local economic development Increasing the productivity of the old Souk Upgrading the historical Souk of Old Mina - Implement final design study. - Agree with shop owners. Implement refurbishment activities. Rehabilitate the external facades of buildings - Implement the design study. - Secure funds. - Implement rehabilitation of facades. Facilitating the expansion of existing shops - Inform local community about ESFD lending

program. - Provide credits to small businesses. Increase the productivity of the tourism sector Support to small and informal producers – Old

Mina Community Market - Implement design study. - Equip and upgrade the market place - Organize exhibitions and promotion events. Establish Municipal Tourism Information Centre - Identify and ensure location. - Rehabilitate and equip the centre - Recruit staff. - Collect existing material. - Design and produce printed materials. - Develop tourism packages. - Promote the center. Eco-Tourism Promotion - To rehabilitate natural islands and transform them

into eco-parks. - To build necessary infrastructure to link the city

with the natural islands. Increasing the productivity of the fishing sector Fish Nursery Facility - To undertake necessary technical studies. - Select most appropriate location. - Implement and equip the fish nursery - Operate the fish nursery Mina Fish Market Renewal of old and traditional fishing equipment - Inform fishermen about ESFD lending program. - Provide credits to small businesses. Lowering Risks for Human Health Solutions for lowering risks for human health Environmental Preservation Mina Public Gardens - Undertake rehabilitation studies for the two public

gardens - Secure funds. - Implement.

MC in cooperation with NGOs and MoSA MC, shop owners with the support of ESFD MC/local community ESFD job creation component MC in cooperation with craftsmen and the support of ESFD MC/private recruitment agency with the support of ESFD MC in cooperation with Ministry of Public works CDR/CDP and Environment Protection Committee MC in cooperation with fishermen cooperative and Ministry of Agriculture with the support of ESFD MC/Fishermen coop and CDR/CDP ESFD job creation component MC in cooperation with NGOs

MC/NGOs/MoSA administration Joint MC/shop owners administration. Creation of association for shop owners in the Old Souk Sponsorship from private sector To be ensured by shops Joint MC/craftsmen administration. Cost recovery from collected fees MC/private sector administration. Cost recovery from collected fees Joint MC/NGO administration. Joint MC/Coop administration Joint MC/Coop administration To be ensured by fishermen Joint MC NGOs administration



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No Objectives and Solutions Supporting Stakeholders


2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 3.

3.1 3.2 3.3

Safe Solid Waste Disposal - Rehabilitate solid waste dump. - Apply safe treatment systems. Safe Wastewater Disposal - Implement technical studies to upgrade existing

infrastructure. - Ensure safe disposal methods. - Secure funds. Implement. Improving Health Services Improve services provided by the existing municipal center Increase health awareness among the local community. Strengthening Local Institutional Framework Solutions to strengthen the local institutional framework Mina municipal location - Ensure land. - Design the municipal location. - Secure funds. - Implement and operate. Mina NGO coordination network - Establish dialogue with NGOs. - Agree on coordination framework. - Agree on institutional set up and by laws. Municipal Roles and Responsibilities: Community Education Campaign - Organize and implement series of awareness

sessions. - Include topic in the municipal newsletter.

Al Fayhaa Union of Municipalities / ARLA Program / OMSAR MC with the Ministry of Public Works and CDR MC / MoPH MC and NGOs MC with private donors MC in cooperation with NGOs MC in cooperation with NGOs and Ministry of Interior

Al Fayhaa Union of Municipalities MC Cost recovery from collected fees Joint MC/NGOs administration MC Administration Joint MC/NGOs administration Joint MC/NGOs administration



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Figure 8: Logical Framework Matrix showing the ESFD Contribution to the Community of Old Mina Program/Project Title: Local Development Plan for Mina Date of establishment: July 2006 Page 1 of 2 Intervention Logic No Objectively verifiable Indicators Sources of Verification Assumptions Overall Objective

Poverty is reduced in the community of Old Mina on a sustainable basis

1. The proportion of households living below the poverty line (331 USD/month) is reduced significantly

Household survey

Project Purpose

Living conditions in Old Mina are improved on a sustainable basis

2. Opinion leaders and community groups declare that the living conditions in old Mina have significantly improved since 2006

Opinion polls

Results Result No. 1 Unemployment in Old Mina is reduced

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

Income generated by women and craftsmen increases significantly Women and craftsmen’s products are easily marketed At least 5 enterprises from the handicraft sector expand their business after the first year of market operation Not less then 10 job opportunities are generated around the rehabilitated market

Survey on producers of artisan products - Idem - SME survey in Old Mina SME survey in Old Mina and employment contracts

Women / craftsmen remain motivated Market users are willing to pay fees covering operation and maintenance costs

Result No.2 The productivity of the old souk is enhanced

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Physical appearance of the old souk improves significantly Shop owners state that the upgrading of the old souk contributed to the improvement of their related businesses Investments in old Mina increase significantly New Private investments in the Old Mina

Pictures Accounts kept by shop owners Municipal tracking report of new investment - Idem -

Conflicts are overcome Upgrading work expands to cover the entire urban fabric of old Mina



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Figure 8: Logical Framework Matrix (ctd.) Program/Project Title: Local Development Plan for Mina Date of establishment: July 2006 Page 1 of 2 Intervention Logic No Objectively verifiable Indicators Sources of Verification Assumptions

Result No.3 The productivity of tourism sector is significantly promoted

5.1 5.2 6.3

The number of tourists increases Visitors state that the quality of tourism services is satisfactory Marketing of traditional Mina handcrafts is facilitated

TEDO data and reports Visitor feedback sheets Accounts

Efficient promotional campaign is implemented

Result No. 4 The productivity of the fishing sector increases

6.1 6.2 6.3

Fishermen state that the local development process covers their interest Fishermen income increases signifactly Cooperative structures show sound operations and active participation of members

Regular reports from extension officer Accounts Protocols of general assemblies

High cooperation levels among members of the cooperative

Activities

Main activities for Result No. 1 Refer to plan of operation in the grant agreement

Budget and Resourses ESFD allocation is around EUR 99,604 MC allocation is around EUR 20,592

Activities


ESFD allocation is around EUR 147,972 MC allocation is around EUR 12,867

Activities



Activities





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Figure 9: Proposed Funding of Projects for the El Mina Community

(1) Community Contribution

Budget EUR Result Activities

ESFD C.C. (1) Total

% of Grant

Budget

% C.C

1- Developing Economic Activities for Women and Young Residents

Support to Mina Small & Informal Producers Mina Community Market (to replace Vocational Training for Women & Youth) 99,604 20,592 120,196 25 17

2- Productivity of the Old Souk Upgrading the Historical Souk of Old Mina (Refurbishing Facades of Shops) 147,972 12,867 160,839 37 8

3- Productivity of Tourism Sector Municipal Tourism Information Centre (Establishing the Mina Tourism Point) 52,020 5,780 57,800 13 10

4- Productivity of the Fishing Sector Establishing a fish nursery 100,404 88,800 189,204 25 47 Total 400,000 128,039 528,039 100 25



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Annex 1 Memorandum of Understanding between the Municipal Council of Old Mina and the ESFD Project



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Annex 2 Stakeholder Analysis



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Annex 3 Documentation of Working Group Results



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Annex 4 Ex-Ante Evaluation in Old Mina



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Annex 5 Documentation of Decisions of the Municipal Council

Documents

Community Development Unit Local Development Plan … LDP eng. final draft...Annex 3: Documentation of Working Group Results Annex 4: Ex-ante Assessment Annex 5: Documentation of Decisions