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Communicative Competence
and Systemic FunctionalModel of Language
[email protected]
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Why we need a CC model
Celce-Murcia et al.s effort has beenmotivated by the belief in
the potential in thedirect, explicit approach to the teaching
of
communicative skills, which would require adetailed description
of what CC entails inorder to use the sub-components as acontent
base in syllabus design.(p.6)
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Competence
Discourse
Competence
Linguistic Comp..Actional Comp.
Socio
Cultural Comp.Strategic Competence
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What does CC entail? Discourse Competence
Linguistic Competence
Actional Competence
Socio-cultural Competence
Strategic Competence
(p.10)
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Discourse Competence
Discourse competence concerns theselection, sequencing, and
arrangement of
words, structures, sentences and utteranceto achieve a unified
spoken or writtentext. (p.13)
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Components of Discourse Competence
COHESIONReference, Substutition, Conjuction, Lexical Chains
DEIXES
Personal pronouns, Spatial, Temporal, Textual
COHERENCE
Thematization, Management of old and new information
GENRE/GENERIC STRUCTURE
Narrative, Report, service encounter, etc. CONVERSATIONAL
STRUCTURE
How to perform opening, hold the floor, adjacencypairs, etc.
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What do we develop?
The ability to participate in discourse, or
The ability to communicate, or
The ability to create spoken and writtentexts, or
The ability to negotiate meanings, or
The ability to exchange nuances of
meanings
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Linguistic Competence
Syntax Morphology
Lexicon
Phonology
Orthography
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Actional Competence
Interpersonal Exchange
Information
Opinions
Feelings
Suasion
Problems
Future Scenario
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Sociocultural Competence
Social Contextual Factors
Stylistic Appropriateness
Factors Cultural Factors
Non-Verbal Communicative
Factors
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Strategic Competence
Avoidance or Reduction Strategies
Achievement or Compensatory Str.
Stalling or Time-Gaining Str.
Self-Monitoring Str.
Interactional Str.
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The Nature of the CC Model
Pedagogically motivated (Celce-Murcia)
Sociocultural theory of language / Language
as communication (Halliday)
Constructivism in sociocultural tradition(Vygotsky)
Literacy in ELT (Kern)
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TEXT
CULTURE
Genre (Purpose)
SituationWho is involved?
(Tenor)
Subject matter Channel
(Field) (Mode)
Register
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Ideational
InterpersonalTextual
Discourse Semantic Level
Lexicogrammatical
Level
Phonology/
Graphology
Level
CULTURAL LEVEL
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Syarat pengembangan
kompetensi komunikatif
Scaffolding Talks:
Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam
mengelola proses pembelajaransebagai
language accompanying action.
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Zone of Proximal Development
Independent
Learning zone
Interactive
discourse
Teacher
intervention
Peer-peer
interaction
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Peran guru
Menciptakan pengalamanpembelajaran
Merancang kegiatan
Merancang komunikasiBerperan sebagai ibu
dalam pemerolehan
bahasa alamiah
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Learning Experiences
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Literacy Principles
Interpretation
Collaboration
Convention
Cultural Knowledge
Problem solving
Reflection
Language use
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LiteracyLevels
Performative Level
Functional Level
Informational Level
Epistemic Level
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SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
CONTINUUM
Most Spoken Most Written
Spoken Language
Written Language
Languageaccompanyingaction Language as reflection
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Spoken & Written LanguageSpoken:
*
Language asexchange* AboutYOU andI
Written:
* Language asrepresentation
* Aboutothers
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What do people do whencommunicating?
They exchange meanings.
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How do we negotiate?
Interpersonally
Logicosemantically
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Where in the sentence doesinterpersonal meaning reside?
In theMoodarea
Mood = Subject + Finite
Mood expresses:
Attitudes
FeelingsJ udgement
Etc.
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When is interpersonalnegotiationdominant?
In sustained casual
conversations* Chatting
* Gossiping* Killing the time
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Negotiating logicosemantically
A : I am sleepy.
B : Sleepy or hungry?
A : Both, actually.
C : Whats your name?
D : Hartati
C : Where do you live?
D : Jalan Diponegoro.
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When islogicosemantic negotiationdominant?
In transactional conversations
* Giving /demanding information* Givingdemanding goods
andservices
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Negotiation in Writing
Focused onold and new
information
Focused onTheme and Rheme
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Old andNewInformation
Once upon a time, there was an old lady.
Shewas very poor, but she was happy.
Shehad a handsome son called Ande-Ande Lumut.
Hewas a fine young man.
Many girls likedhim.
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Negotiation
is
* The Communication Engine
* The key to discourse competence
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Good Luck!
