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Communications Needs of Red Cross Disaster Services
Presented By
Jeffrey A. Matthews, KB3LFG
October 12, 2004
OUTLINE
• Organization of American Red Cross
• Red Cross Activation
• Functional Areas of Red Cross Disaster Services
• Communications Needs of Various Disaster Functions
• Amateur Radio Support to Red Cross Disaster Services
American Red CrossField Service Components
Red Cross National Headquarters
Red Cross Regions (8)
State Service Consortia
Zones
Chapters
Central Maryland Chapter (CMC) Functional Organization
CMC
EmergencyServices
Health & Safety Services
VolunteerServices
Youth Services
Disaster Services
InternationalServices
Military Services
Disaster Action Teams (DATs)
(5)
Community DisasterEducation (CDE)
Committees
Central Maryland Chapter (CMC)Geographical Organization
CMC
Baltimore DAT
Southern District (Anne Arundel)
Southwestern District (Howard County)
Northwestern District (Carroll County)
Northeastern District (Harford County)
CMC Disaster Services“Chain of Command”
Director of Emergency Services (CMC)
Disaster Manager (CMC)
District Director
DAT Coordinator
DAT Assistant Coordinator
DAT Captains
DAT Members
Disaster Services Human Resources (DSHR) System
• DSHR is a nationwide network of Red Cross Disaster Services personnel who have indicated their availability to go on 3 week disaster assignments anywhere in the United States.
• Many, but not all, DSHR volunteers are also DAT members in their local communities.
Red Cross Activation
• Small Disasters (Ex: House Fire):– After fire is under control, fire chief tells victims that
Red Cross service is available if they want it. If they indicate they wish Red Cross service, fire chief notifies Harford County dispatch, and county dispatcher telephones Red Cross dispatcher. Red Cross dispatcher then dispatches (by telephone) the Disaster Action Team (DAT).
– Alternatively, the victims (called clients by the Red Cross) may telephone the Red Cross themselves after the disaster event and request help. The Red Cross dispatcher must then contact the county to verify the prior disaster event.
Red Cross Activation (Continued)
• Large Scale Disasters:– The Red Cross normally responds only at the
direction of local emergency management officials.
– For hurricanes, the Red Cross will automatically activate during the Hurricane Watch phase and will continue to operate during and after the actual hurricane event.
Red Cross Disaster Functions
Direct Functions:• Family Service• Disaster Health
Services– Disaster Physical
Health Service– Disaster Mental Health
Service
• Mass Care• Family Welfare
Inquiry
Internal Support Functions:• Accounting• Building and Repair• Communications• Damage Assessment• Disaster Computer
Operations• Local Disaster Volunteers• Logistics• Records and Reports• Staffing• Training
Red Cross Disaster Functions
External Support Functions:
• Fund Raising• Liaison
– Chapter– Government / EOC– Human Relations– Labor– Volunteer Agencies
• Public Affairs
Management:– Administration
Description of FunctionsDirect Functions
• Family Service:– Responsible for the delivery of emergency assistance
to affected individuals and families, and for referral to resources of government and/or non-governmental agencies. Provides additional assistance when necessary.
• Mass Care:– Responsible for providing congregate shelter facilities,
and fixed and mobile food service to disaster victims and emergency workers in the disaster area. Provides for bulk distribution of supplies and commodities to disaster victims.
Description of FunctionDirect Functions (Continued)
• Disaster Health Services:Responsible for the overall delivery of physical
and mental health care on a disaster relief operation and for managing the following subsidiary functions.
– Disaster Physical Health Services
– Disaster Mental Health Services
Description of FunctionDirect Functions (Continued)
• Disaster Physical Health Services:– Responsible for delivery of physical health services
provided by a disaster relief operation. Arranges for emergency and/or additional assistance in meeting individual or family physical health needs, ensures availability of blood and blood products for disaster victims, augments material and personnel to support community physical health services, and provides necessary physical health care for paid and volunteer staff assigned to the disaster operation.
Description of FunctionDirect Functions (Continued)
• Disaster Mental Health Services:– Responsible for delivery of mental health
services provided by a disaster relief operation. Arranges for emergency and/or additional assistance in meeting individual or family mental health needs, augments material and personnel to support community mental health care to paid and volunteer staff assigned to the disaster operation.
Description of FunctionDirect Functions (Continued)
• Family Welfare Inquiry (formerly Disaster Welfare Inquiry, or DWI):– Responsible for responding to inquires about
the health and welfare of individuals and families within the disaster area, for collecting locator information about such persons, and for the preparation and distribution of bulletins to nonaffected chapters detailing information about the disaster operation.
Description of FunctionInternal Support Functions
• Accounting:– Responsible for administration of financial aspects of
the operation. Receives funds and expends funds to meet commitments for relief costs, travel and maintenance of staff, salaries, and other expenditures required for the operation.
• Building and Repair:– Responsible for providing technical guidance in the
repair and/or reconstruction of buildings, and for maintaining liaison with contractors providing services to the operation.
Description of FunctionInternal Support Functions (Continued)
• Communications:– Responsible for the establishment and maintenance
of the communications systems within the operation, including telephone, wire service, radio, and other systems, and for liaison with voluntary groups providing such services to the operation.
• Damage Assessment:– Responsible for determining the size and scope of the
disaster and the level of damage sustained by dwellings within the affected area. Develops and distributes statistical data related to effects of the disaster and the demographics of the affected populations.
Description of FunctionInternal Support Functions (Continued)
• Disaster Computer Operations:– Responsible for providing computer hardware
and software technical support to disaster relief operation staff who use the Disaster Relief Operation Management Information System (DROMIS).
• Local Disaster Volunteers:– Responsible for identifying and recruiting local
volunteers to support other functions on a disaster relief operation.
Description of FunctionInternal Support Functions (Continued)
• Logistics:– Responsible for the procurement of supplies and
materials required for the operation; for the storage and distribution of supplies; for the establishment and control of the transportation system within the operation; for acquiring facilities and maintaining materials, equipment, and services; and for the assignment, acquisition, and tracking of national and rental vehicles.
• Records and Reports:– Responsible for the control, processing, and
maintenance of client assistance and casework files and forms, and for the compilation of statistics related to the disaster operation.
Description of FunctionInternal Support Functions (Continued)
• Staffing:– Responsible for the recruitment, placement,
administration, support, and recognition of paid and volunteer staff assigned to the disaster operation.
• Training:– Responsible for the orientation of all operation
staff and for the delivery of refresher or new training, or both, to functional personnel assigned to the disaster operation.
Description of FunctionExternal Support Functions
• Fund Raising:– Responsible for supporting the fund raising efforts of
local chapters during relief operations and for developing special fund raising efforts.
• Public Affairs:– Responsible for developing and implementing a
system of providing information about services available to disaster victims, for providing information to the general public about services, for the proper identification of Red Cross staff and facilities, for liaison with all media, and for general support of the operation.
Description of FunctionExternal Support Functions (Continued)
• Liaison – Chapter:– Responsible for establishing and maintaining effective
working relationships with chapters in the affected area, and for keeping chapter leadership, operational leadership, and personnel informed about the progress of the operation, problems encountered, and nay concerns expressed by either party.
• Liaison – Government:– Responsible for developing and maintaining liaison
with federal, state, and local authorities and government units.
Description of FunctionExternal Support Functions
• Liaison – Human Relations:– Responsible for the development of community
relations in the affected area, for relationships with minority segments of the community, for resolution of grievances related to the delivery of services, for the development of advisory committees, and for support to the local chapter in the area of human relations.
• Liaison – Labor:– Responsible for the recruitment of labor and trade
union volunteer personnel for assignment to the disaster operation, and for liaison between labor and trade unions and the Red Cross.
Description of FunctionExternal Support Functions
• Liaison – Voluntary Agencies:– Responsible for developing and maintaining
liaison with other voluntary organizations, and for the recruitment and utilization of such volunteers on the operation. (Voluntary organizations include national organizations, local components of national organizations, community organizations, and ad hoc groups involved in disaster response).
Description of Functions
• Administration:– Responsible for the overall planning, organization,
staffing, directing, and controlling of all functional activities on a Red Cross disaster relief operation. Establishes, maintains, and closes the operation; prepares estimates for and administers an approved budget; and establishes and maintains effective working relationships with chapter and national sector officials, government agencies, and community organizations and groups.
Communication NeedsMass Care and Damage Assessment Functions
Mass Care Function:
▪ Shelters must be able to communicate with the chapter and/or operations headquarters
▪ ERVs must be able to communicate with kitchens.
Damage Assessment Function:
▪ Mobile damage assessment teams must be able to communicate with the chapter and/or operations headquarters.
Communication NeedsDisaster Health Services and Disaster Mental Health
Services
• DHS and DMHS personnel assigned to shelters, service centers, emergency aid stations, and outreach operations must be able to communicate with function leaders at the chapter or operations headquarters.
• DHS and DMHS personnel must be able to contact EMS if needed.
• DHS and DMHS personnel must be able to contact local healthcare providers.
Communication NeedsFamily Service and Family Welfare Inquiry (FWI)
Family Service:▪ May need to establish an 800 number for family service support.▪ Fixed facilities (service centers, etc.) may need to communicate with Family Service outreach teams.
FWI:▪ FWI search unit may need communications support to receive or respond to inquiries.▪ Communications required between FWI Center, FWI search unit, and chapter/operations headquarters.
Communication NeedsAdministration and Liaison
Administration:▪ Must communicate with chapter officials and outside agencies/organizations to coordinate delivery of services to disaster victims. ▪ Must be able to communicate with fixed facilities (service centers, etc.) and with mobile teams.
Liaison:▪ Must be able to communicate with affected chapters, governmental agencies, labor organizations, volunteer organizations, and members of the affected communities.
Communication NeedsPublic Affairs, Logistics, and Training
Logistics:▪ Needs communications to be notified where and when supplies are needed and to arrange for deliveries.
Public Affairs:▪ Must be able to notify disaster victims of available Red Cross services and how to access them.
Training:▪ The Communications function must provide technical training to ARC workers and staff, as needed, on the use and care of communications equipment.
Communications NeedsBuilding and Repair, Staffing, and LDV
• Building and Repair:– Needs to communicate with building contractors concerning
repair or reconstruction of affected dwellings.• Staffing:
– Must communicate with other functions to determine personnel requirements.
– Must communicate with Operations Headquarters and Red Cross National Headquarters to coordinate requests for personnel.
• Local Disaster Volunteers (LDV):– Must communicate with other functions to determine personnel
requirements.– Must communicate with local organizations to coordinate
requests for personnel.
Communications NeedsFund Raising, Disaster Computer Operations
• Fund Raising:– Must be able to communicate with potential
donors.
• Disaster Computer Operations:– Must communicate with personnel from other
functions to receive and respond to requests for hardware and software support.
Confidentiality
• “Confidential information is information shared between two persons with the explicit or implicit understanding that it will not be shared with the public or with others without the express permission of the person providing the information.”
• An item of information is confidential if one would answer NO to ANY of the following questions.
1) Is the anonymity of the person protected by release of the information ?
2) Would the person providing the information be willing to share it with the public ?
3) Would the Red Cross release this information for public consumption ?
Taken from the Badger ARC Chapter Comm Course
Terminology
• Detailed Damage Assessment:– Identifies specific types of damage to specific
residences to determine client needs.
• Operations Headquarters:– A fixed facility from which a large scale disaster relief
operation is administered.
• Preliminary Damage Assessment:– An initial damage assessment used to estimate the
number of affected families and the degree of damage to various neighborhoods.
Terminology
• Service Center: – A facility where clients report to receive Red
Cross financial assistance and other services.
Disaster Functions Most Commonly Supported by Amateur Radio
Operators
• Administration• Mass Care• Family Service (Service Centers)• FWI• Damage Assessment• Logistics
Likely EmComm Deployments
CMCDistrict Offices
Operations HQ
Service Center
SheltersField
KitchensDamage
AssessmentLogistics FWI
Tornado (Localized) L L L PTornado (Multiple, or Extensive Impact)
L L L L P P P P
Flood / Flash Flood L L L L P P PHurricane L L P L L P L P LBlizzard / Heavy Snowfall
L L
Severe Cold Spell LSevere Hot Spell L
LIKELY DEPLOYMENTS - NATURAL DISASTERS
DISASTER TYPE
Likely EmComm Deployments(Continued)
CMCDistrict Offices
Operations HQ
Service Center
SheltersField
Kitchens
Damage Assessmen
tLogistics FWI
Large Apartment Fire / Conflagration
P P L L
Hazmat Incident, Chemical Terrorism
P P L P
Conventional Terrorism
L L P L L P L P P
Radiological (Nuclear Plant, Dirty Bomb)
L L P L L P L
Biological Terrorism L L LNuclear Attack L L L L L L P LDam Failure L L L L L L P PRiots L L P P L P L P PPassenger Transporation Accident (Jetliner Crash, Commuter Train Derailment)
L L L L
DISASTER TYPE
LIKELY DEPLOYMENTS - TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS
Useful Amateur ModesNatural Disasters
Phone Digital / Packet Image (ATV, SSTV) Satellite CW APRSTornado (Localized) Y PTornado (Multiple, or Extensive Impact)
Y P Y P P
Flood / Flash Flood Y P Y P PHurricane Y Y Y P P PBlizzard / Heavy Snowfall
Y
Severe Cold Spell YSevere Hot Spell Y
DISASTER TYPEUSEFUL AMATEUR MODES
Useful Amateur ModesTechnological Disasters
Phone Digital / Packet Image (ATV, SSTV) Satellite CW APRSLarge Apartment Fire / Conflagration
Y P
Hazmat Incident, Chemical Terrorism
Y
Conventional Terrorism
Y P Y P
Radiological (Nuclear Plant, Dirty Bomb)
Y P P P
Biological Terrorism YNuclear Attack Y Y Y Y Y YDam Failure Y P Y PRiots Y P Y PPassenger Transporation Accident (Jetliner Crash, Commuter Train Derailment)
Y P
DISASTER TYPEUSEFUL AMATEUR MODES