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Communication Call to Action
Jacqui Kearns, Ed.DLou Ann Land, M.S.
University of KentuckyHuman Development Institute
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
• This presentation is the result of work funded by the US Department of Education and the KY Department of Education. No endorsement should be inferred.
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
The Importance of Communication
SAFETY
RelationshipsFriendsFamily
Access to Information
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Symbolic Language Users
EmergingSymbolic Users
Pre – symbolic Language Users
Expressive Communication: NCSC Alternate Assessment Participants
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
1
2
3
4
Follows 1‐2 step directions
Requires additional Cues to follow directions
Alerts and responds to Sensory stimulation
Uncertain responses
Receptive Communication
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
12.12%
19.08%
65.13%
Elementary School
7.58%17.03%
72.57%
Middle School
8.68%12.02%
72.18%
High SchoolPresymbolic
Emerging Symbolic
Symbolic
Expressive Communication Across Grade Bands
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
OSEP Dear Colleague Letter (2014)
• reinforces the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to provide all students with a disability with a free and appropriate public education, and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• to ensure that communication for a student with a disability is as effective as communication for a student without a disability.
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Supreme Court – Endrew
• “The IDEA demands more. It requires an educational program reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child’s circumstances. IEP need not aim for grade‐level advancement.”
‐ Justice Roberts
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
What Works?
• Communication Intervention• Multi‐modal approaches• Available, Affordable Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC)
• Aided Language Modeling• Peer Mediated Supports• Team Training and Collaboration
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Communication Intervention Works
20 Years of Literature
Review of the Literature (Snell et.al)
116 StudiesEvidence based studies
96% report improved student Results
Intervention Works
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Changes in Expressive Communication through KY TAALC Project
0
1
2
3
Student 1Kindergarten
Student 2 9th grade
Student 3 12th grade
Student 4 7th grade
Student 5 3rd grade
Student 6 1st grade
Student 7 3rd grade
Student 8 3rd grade
Student 9 11th grade
Student 10 5th grade
Student Description
PrePost
(Holman, A. 2011)
Expressive Communication3= Symbolic2= Emerging Symbolic3= Pre‐symbolic
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Multi‐modal Approaches
Acknowledge ALL communication modes including: facial expressions, body language, vocalizations, AAC.
Model communication using AAC.
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
AAC Available, Affordable
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Aided Language ModelingA strategy in which the communication partner
Teacher or peer uses the device
• Facilitates receptive language development• Models expressive language useDirections for use:
– Point to symbols for key words– Emphasize key words vocally– Speak more slowly than usual– Insert numerous pauses– Use single words followed by short phrases(Binger & Light, 2007; Harris & Reichle, 2004; Goosens’, 1989; Romski, Sevcik, Cheslock & Barton, 2006; Romski, & Sevcik, 1988)
• See also: http://praacticalaac.org/about‐us/ and http://www.novita.org.au/Content.aspx?p=683
University of KentuckyTAALC Communication Project
Peer Mediated Supports
University of KentuckyTAALC Communication Project
Team Training and Collaboration
Planning
Problem Solving
Preparing Transitions
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Integrated Related Services
– Delivered in the classroom where the student spends the most time– Minimize pull out– Model expertise related strategies– Schedule blocks of time– Consider the role of peers– Problem Solve– Co‐plan
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
PART 2
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Some Things to think about….
• Identifying communication• Motor & Sensory Considerations• Choosing AAC• Choosing words for devices
University of KentuckyTAALC Communication Project
Identifying Communication:How do YOU know
• When YOUR child is HAPPY?• When YOUR child is Sad?• When YOUR child is Excited?• When YOUR child is Hungry?• When YOUR child is Uncomfortable?
• HIS WAY of communicating is his FORMUniversity of Kentucky
TAALC Communication Project
What’s going on when…
• YOUR child is HAPPY?• YOUR child is Sad?• YOUR child is Excited?• YOUR child is Hungry?• YOUR child is Uncomfortable?
• This is WHAT he wants to tell you: INTENT
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
INTENT*MODE/FORM*Listener* Comprehension
COMMON DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION:
THE COMMUNICATION EQUATION
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Motor & Sensory Considerations
Vision Motor Hearing
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
AAC Considerations
Single Message
Multi‐Message / Multi‐LevelMulti‐Choice
Single Message
University of KentuckyTAALC Communication Project
Core Vocabulary Approaches
• Focus on flexible vocabulary of words used most often (Beukelman et. al., 1989)– Verbs– Pronouns– Adjectives/adverbs/prepositions– Nouns
• Example: The verb “Go” can be used receptively and expressively throughout the day‐ with multiple opportunities to practice.
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Communication Activity
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Using this communication board, tell us what you did today. You can type words from the board into the chat box to tell us about your day and comment on your activities.
Let’s try again…..
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
Boardmaker Symbols
Now use this communication board to tell us what you did today. You can type words from the board into the chat box to tell us about your day and comment on your activities.
Academic ConnectionLiteracy, Science, Math ACCESS
What is the Weather Today?
It feels __________ outside.
The sky looks ___________.
I would wear a __________ today.
University of Kentucky TAALC Communication Project
ReferencesAlant, E., Dada, S. (2009). The effect of aided language stimulation on vocabulary acquisition in children with little or no functional speech.
American Journal of Speech‐Language Pathology. 18, 50‐64. Retrieved from http://ajslp.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1757603. Biggs, E., Carter, E. & Gustafson, J. (2017). Efficacy of Peer Support Arrangements to Increase Peer Interaction and AAC Use. American Journal on
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Vol. 122, No. 1, 25–48. Beukelman, D. R., Jones, R. S., Rowan, M. (1989). Frequency of word usage by nondisabled peers in integrated preschool classrooms. Augmentative
and Alternative Communication, 5, 243‐248Carter, M., & Iacono, T. ( 2002). Professional judgments of the intentionality of communicative acts. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 18, 177‐191.Calculator, S.N. (2009). Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and inclusive education for students with the most severe disabilities.
Internal Journal of Inclusive Education, 13, 93‐113.Calculator, S. N. & Black, T. (2009). Validation of an inventory of best practices in the provision of augmentative and alternative communication
services to students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms. American Journal of Speech‐Language Pathology, 18, 329‐342.Chung, Y‐C., & Carter, E. (2013). Promoting peer interactions in inclusive classrooms for students who use speech‐generating devices. Research &
Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 38, 94‐109.Goossens’, C. (1989). Aided communication intervention before assessment: A case study of a child with cerebral palsy. Augmentative and
Alternative Communication, 5, 14–26.Harris, M. & Reichle, J. (2004) The impact of aided language stimulation on symbol comprehension and production in children with moderate
cognitive disabilities. American Journal of Speech‐Language Pathology, 13(2), 1550167.Kearns, J., Kleinert, H.L., Kleinert, J.O., & Towles‐Reeves, E. (2006). Learner characteristics inventory. Lexington: University of Kentucky, National
Alternate Assessment Center. Kearns, J., Towles‐Reeves, Kleinert, H., & Kleinert, J. (2009). Who are the children who take alternate achievement standards assessments? In W.D.
Schafer & R.W. Lissitz (Eds.), Alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards: Policy, practice, potential (3‐22). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.
ReferencesKearns, J., Kleinert, J., Page, J. & Land, L. (2018). Improving Communication Outcomes for Students with Moderate and Severe Disabilities:
Communicating with Core. Statewide Professional Development training. Light, J.C., & McNaughton, D. (2009). Accessible Literacy Learning (ALL): Evidence‐based reading instruction for learners with autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and other disabilities. Pittsburgh: Mayer‐Johnson.Kearns, J., Towles‐Reeves, E., Kleinert, H., Kleinert, J. & Thomas, M. (2011). Characteristics of and implications for students participating in
alternate assessment based on alternate academic achievement standards. Journal of Special Education. Kleinert, J. and Kearns, J. (in preparation). Literature Review: Supporting Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Inclusive Classrooms.Kleinert, J., Kearns, J., & Kleinert, H. (2010). Toward symbolic language through academic curriculum. In H. Kleinert & J. Kearns (Eds.), Meaningful
outcomes for students with significant cognitive disabilities: Alternate assessments on alternate achievement standards. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes Publishers.National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities. (1992). Guidelines for meeting the communication
needs of persons with severe disabilities [Guidelines]. Available from www.asha.org/policy or www.asha.org/njc. Towles‐Reeves, E., Kearns, J., Kleinert, H., & Kleinert, J. (2009). An analysis of the learning characteristics of students taking alternate assessments
based on alternate achievement standards. The Journal of Special Education, 42(4), 241‐255. Towles‐Reeves, E., Kearns, J., Kleinert, H., & Kleinert, J. (2009). An analysis of the learning characteristics of students taking alternate assessments
based on alternate achievement standards. The Journal of Special Education, 42(4), 241‐255. Towles‐Reeves, E., Kearns, J, Flowers, C., Hart, L., Kerbel, A., Kleinert, H., Quenemoen, R., & Thurlow, M. (2012). Learner characteristics inventory
project report (A product of the NCSC validity evaluation). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, National Center and State Collaborative.Van Tatenhove, G. (2013). Making core count: Core vocabulary in activity‐based instruction. Retrieved from
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