COMMON SENSE IS LIKE DEODORANT, THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT THE MOST NEVER USE IT.

WHAT IS AN ACID?

WHAT IS AN ACID?

A SUBSTANCE THAT PRODUCES HYDROGEN IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER.

WHAT IS A BASE?

WHAT IS A BASE?

A SUBSTANCE THAT PRODUCES HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ACID.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ACID.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HCl

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BASE.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BASE.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

WHAT MAKES AN ACID OR A BASE A STRONG ACID OR BASE?

WHAT MAKES AN ACID OR A BASE A STRONG ACID OR BASE?

THEY DISSOCIATE COMPLETELY IN SOLUTION.

A STRONG ACID DISSOCIATES INTO HYDROGEN ION AND THE ANION OF THE ACID.

HCl H+ + Cl-

A STRONG BASE DISSOCIATES INTO HYDROXIDE ION AND THE CATION OF THE BASE.

NaOH Na+ + OH-

WHAT MAKES AN ACID A WEAK ACID OR A BASE A WEAK BASE?

WHAT MAKES AN ACID A WEAK ACID OR A BASE A WEAK BASE?

THEY ONLY PARTIALLY DISSOCIATE (BREAK APART) IN SOLUTION.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK ACID.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK ACID.

ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR IS ~3% ACETIC ACID.)

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK BASE.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A WEAK BASE.

AMMONIA IS A WEAK BASE

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

WHAT SCALE IS USED TO MEASURE THE ACIDITY OR BASCITY OF SOLUTIONS?

WHAT SCALE IS USED TO MEASURE THE ACIDITY OR BASCITY OF SOLUTIONS?

THE pH SCALE

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A NEUTRAL SOLUTION?

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A NEUTRAL SOLUTION?

7

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A BASIC SOLUTION?

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF A BASIC SOLUTION?

GREATER THAN 7

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF AN ACIDIC SOLUTION?

ON THE pH SCALE, WHAT IS THE pH OF AN ACIDIC SOLUTION?

LESS THAN 7

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACID.

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACID.

1) THEY HAVE A SOUR TASTE

2) THEY TURN BLUE LITMUS RED

3) THEY REACT WITH BASES TO PRODUCE WATER AND A SALT

4) THEY REACT WITH ACTIVE METALS TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN

5) THEY REACT WITH CARBONATES TO RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE GAS

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A BASE.

GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A BASE.

1) THEY HAVE A BITTER TASTE

2) THEY FEEL SLIPPERY

3) THEY TURN RED LITMUS BLUE

4) THEY REACT WITH ACIDS TO PRODUCE A SALT AND WATER

5) THEY REACT WITH MOST METAL CATIONS TO FORM A PRECIPITATE

WHAT CAUSES ACID RAIN?

WHAT CAUSES ACID RAIN?

OXIDES OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN PRODUCED FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES (COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS AND CARS AND TRUCKS)

WHY IS ACID RAIN IMPORTANT?

WHY IS ACID RAIN IMPORTANT?

THERE IS A NARROW RANGE THAT FISH AND OTHER ORGANISMS IN STREAM CAN TOLERATE.

HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE THE pH OF A WATER SAMPLE?

HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE THE pH OF A WATER SAMPLE?

BY USING INDICATOR DYES OR pH ELECTRODES.