Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    1/40

    !

    "#$$#% &'()*+), -..'(+/(0 1#'

    2+3,/*,' 2+$,%/+#%+%3 (%4 567869

    &'#4:)*+;+*< +% =+(%3>+ &'#;+%),

    Final Version June 28, 2011

    ",%*', 1#' 8:/*(+%(?0, 6%;+'#%$,%*(0 8(%+*(*+#% @"868A

    (* *B,

    C%+;,'/+*< #1 8)+,%), (%4 9,)B%#0#3< D,+E+%3 @C89DA

    &',.(',4 ?

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    2/40

    #

    TJU L7V689L5-9LH7 &CG&H86W 8"H&6 HI SHGQ X 96-P

    $%&' ()*(*'+, -./ ()*0+12 &3 4&35&63 -*7328 '%*79, '+):+ 2* )+,71+ ;+2%63+ 2%+ ()*0+12 &' ,+'&A3+, 2* 1*3:+)2 63 +'2&;62+, 6;*732 *B

    NO>PPP 2*3' *B %&A%98 ,&972+, 9&K7&, (&A ;637)+ &32* 63 +'2&;62+, 6;*732 *B O>PPP 2*3' *B %&A%

    K769&28 *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+)> 63, 2%+ ;+2%63+ A6' )+1*:+)+, ,7)&3A 2%+ ()*,712&*3 ()*1+'' ?&99 C+

    7'+, 2* A+3+)62+ +9+12)&1 (*?+) *B 6C*72 Q>RQP/S% (+) 8+6) ?%&1% ?&99 C+ '7((9&+, 2* 2%+

    -+32)69 -%&36 I*?+) 699 9*162+, ?&2%&3 4&35&63 -*7328> 4&63A5& ()*:&31+G

    $%+ &3:+'2&A62&*3 ?&99 196)&B8 :6)&*7' (*''&C9+ 1%699+3A+' B61+, ,7)&3A 2%+

    &;(9+;+3262&*3 '26A+G

    $* :+)&B8 2%+ +5(+12+, (+)B*);631+ C6'+, *3 2%+ I.. ,+'1)&(2&*3 *B B++, '2*1@> ,+'&A363, :*97;+ 63, 28(+ D;+'*(%&9&1> 1*;(9+2+98 '2&))+, )+612*) ,+'&A3 D-Z$[FF &3B*);62&*3>

    ?&2% )+'(+12 2* 2%+ 9*169 19&;62+> 2%+ 28(&169 )+A&*369 B6); 1*3,&2&*3'> 2%+ 6((9&+,

    2%+ 633769 *(+)62&*369 2&;+> 63, *2%+) (6)6;+2+)'G

    $* :+)&B8 2%+ '(+1&B&1 ,&A+'2+) ,&;+3'&*3&3A C6'+, *3 2%+ 6;*732 *B 2%+ &3B97+32

    '7C'2)62+' 63, 1*;(6)&3A 2%&' ?&2% '&;&96) '?&3+ ;637)+ C&*A6' ()*0+12'> ()+B+)6C98

    ?&2% ()*0+12'> ?%&1% 6)+ 69)+6,8 &3 *(+)62&*3 &3 4&63A5& I)*:&31+G(!" $%&'( &)*+ ,-".'/& *+

    &%00'$ %+ &)' 1%-0'+& 2*"0%+ ,-".'/& *3 4*%305* 6-"7*3/'8 !)'-' *+ 3" +*9*1%- ,-".'/& :*&)*3

    4*%305* '37*-"39'3& &" /"9,%-' :*&)8;

    $* &3:+'2&A62+ 2%+ C6'+, *3 2%+ '+9+12+, C&*A6' ()*1+'' ,+'&A3D-Z$[TVHIIF> 63, 2%+ (*''&C9+ +3+)A8 1*32+32 *B 2%+ &3B97+32 '7C'2)62+'G D ?"- &)*+

    &%+@( A)*3'+' BC66DE3F%30 $*0'+&'- $'+*03 +&%3$%-$+ )%7' 2''3 G+'$ %+ /"9,%-%&*7'

    ,%-%9'&'-+8:::81*,,8/"98/3;

    $%+ &3:+'2&A62&*3 &' 73,+)26@+3 2* 63'?+) 6 A+3+)69 K7+'2&*3 *B ?%+2%+) 2%+ ()+'+32

    +9+12)&1&28 A+3+)62&*3 6(()*61% D&G+G (9632 9*6, B612*)> (*?+) A+3+)62&*3 16(61&28F

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    3/40

    U

    )+()+'+32' 2%+ '262+T*BT6)2 2%+

    &;(9+;+3262&*3 *) +'26C9&'%;+32 *B 96)A+ '169+ C&*A6' (*?+) A+3+)62&*3 %6' C+1*;+ 6 3++,

    B*) 2%+ 362&*369 +1*3*;8 2* '+):+ 6' 6 '7((9+;+32 2* 2%+ 69)+6,8 +5&'2&3A '*7)1+' *B +3+)A8

    )+'*7)1+' 63, '+1*3,98> 2* '+):+ 6' 63 +1*9*A&16998 B)&+3,98 ?68 *B )+,71&3A (*9972&*3G -7))+3298

    &3 -%&36 69;*'2 UP ;&99&*3 )7)69 %*7'+%*9,' C+3+B&2' B)*; ';699T'169+ C&*A6' ,&A+'2+)'G

    H3 -%&36_' `#PPUT#P!P ]62&*369 [7)69 Y&*A6' -*3'2)712&*3 I963a> &2 ?6' (9633+, 2* &31)+6'+

    %*7'+%*9, C6'+, C&*A6' 7'6A+ C8 6 B7)2%+) U! ;&99&*3 2* 6 2*269 *B NP ;&99&*3> %+31+> 2%&' :697+

    6;*732&3A 2* 6 )62+ *B #P (+) 1+32 7'6A+ *B 2*269 )7)69 %*7'+%*9,'G H2 &' (9633+, 2* %6:+ 63

    &3'2699+, 16(61&28 *B C&*T+3+)A8 ()*0+12' +'2&;62+, 2* ()*,71+ ?&2% 63 &3'2699+, 16(61&28 *B

    NGN/S (*?+) +3+)A8 &3 #P!P 63, ()*0+12&3A &2 2* UP/S C8 #P#P> ?%&1% ?&99 )+()+'+32 69;*'2

    OPP (+) 1+32 &31)+6'+ ?&2%&3 !P 8+6)'G Y8 2%+ +3, *B #PPO> 2%+ 2*269 37;C+) *B B6;&9&+' 7'&3A

    C&*A6' 1*732+, B*) ## ;&99&*3> ?&2% 6 2*269 633769 C&*A6' ()*,712&*3 *B 6C*72 RGN C&99&*3 17C&1

    ;+2+)'G H3 6,,&2&*3> 2%+)+ ?+)+ ;*)+ 2%63 N>#PP 96)A+ 63, ;+,&7; '&L+, C&*A6' ()*0+12'

    &3'2699+, 62 96)A+ 9&:+'2*1@ 63, (*792)8 B6);'G

    .7)&3A 2%+ 17))+32 !P2% M&:+ b+6) I963 D#P!!T#P!NF> -%&36 &' (9633&3A 2* ()*;*2+ #>#PP A)&,

    1*33+12+, C&*A6' (*?+) ()*0+12' *3 &32+3'&:+ 63&;69 %7'C63,)8 63, (*792)8 B6);'> 2)+62&3A

    ;*)+ 2%63 OP ;&99&*3 2*3' *B ;637)+ 6 8+6)G H3 6,,&2&*3> !UX>PPP ';699 63, ;+,&7; '169+

    ,&A+'2+)' 2* 2)+62 '+?6A+ ?&99 C+ ()*;*2+,G ^11*),&3A 2* -%&3+'+ ^16,+;8 *B Z1&+31+' 63, 2%+ 2*269 633769 ()*,712&*3 *B ;637)+ 63, 3&A%2 '*&9 1*79, 2%+*)+2&16998 A+3+)62+

    6C*72 !UP C&99&*3 ;U*B ;+2%63+> +K7&:69+32 2* cU ;&99&*3 2*3' *B 1*69G RP (+) 1+32 *B &3,7'2)&69

    ?6'2+?62+) 163 69'* C+ 7'+, 2* ()*,71+ ;+2%63+G $%+ 37;C+) *B 96)A+T'169+ ?6'2+T2* +3+)A8

    (*?+) (9632' 6)+ (9633+, 2* &31)+6'+ 2* UP>PPP C8 #PUP> 6 !NTB*9, &31)+6'+G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    4/40

    Q

    -7))+3298> -%&3+'+ 1*;(63&+' 6)+ &,+32&B8&3A *2%+) 7'+' B*) C&*A6' 63, C&*T'97))8G $%&' 2*71%+'

    63 &;(*)2632 6'(+12 *B 2%+ M*''&9 I+6@ E&9 ,+;63,J 2%+ )+,712&*3 &3 B+)2&9&L+) ()*,712&*3 69*3A

    ?&2% )&'&3A B6);&3A 1*'2'> ,7+ 2* &31)+6'+, B+)2&9&L+) ()&1+'> ?%&1% 69?68' 1*3:+)2' &32* %&A%+)

    B**, ()&1+'G

    YJTJT M(%41+00 3(/

    $* ,7;( ;73&1&(69 ?6'2+ *3 963,B&99' &' 2%+ ;*'2 ?&,+98 7'+, /ZS ,&'(*'69 ()612&1+ &3 -%&36

    611*732&3A B*) ;*)+ 2%63 RPd *B !NX ;&99&*3 2*3' *B `1*99+12+,a /ZSG $&((&3A *B ;73&1&(69

    ?6'2+ *3 +3A&3++)+, 963,B&99' 611*732' B*) NXd *B `1*99+12+,a /ZS &3 #PPc D-%&36 e)C63

    -*3'2)712&*3 b+6)C**@ #P!PFG H3 #PPc 2%+)+ ?+)+ QQX +3A&3++)+, 963,B&99' &3 ONQ 1&2&+' &3

    *(+)62&*3 D-%&36 e)C63 -*3'2)712&*3 b+6)C**@ #P!PF 63, &2 &' +'2&;62+, 2%62 2%+)+ ?&99 C+

    '*;+ ;*)+ !>OPP 963,B&99' )+K7&)+, ?&2%&3 2%+ 3+52 #N 8+6)'G

    e( 2* #P!P> #cP ;&99&*3 2*3' 7)C63 A6)C6A+ ?6' ()*,71+, (+) 8+6)W ;*)+ 2%63 XPd ?6'

    ,&'(*'+, 62 963,B&99 '&2+'G HB 699 2%+ 963,B&99 A6' ?*79, C+ )+1*:+)+,> &2 ?*79, C+ +K769 2* QT#R

    C&99&*3 ];U 3627)69 A6'G I*?+) A+3+)62&*3 62261%+, ?&2% -./ ()*0+12 &' 6 1*;;*3 ?68 B*)

    96)A+ 963,B&99 A6' (9632'G e32&9 /68 #PPc> UO 963,B&99 A6' )+1*:+)8 ()*0+12' ?&2% -./ %6:+ C++3

    6(()*:+, C8 ].[-G \;&''&*3 )+,712&*3 C8 2%+'+ ()*0+12' ?6' 611*732+, B*) 63 6:+)6A+ *B

    !Qc>ONc 2 -E#G ]*);6998> &B 963,B&99 A6' &' 7'+, B*) (*?+) A+3+)62&*3> &3'2699+, (*?+) '%*79, C+

    ;*)+ 2%63 !PPP@SG ^ 9&'2 *B 2%+ ;6&3 963,B&99 (*?+) (9632' B*99*?'J

    B%-0' 1%3$H*11 0%+ ,":'- ,1%3&+ *3 A)*3%

    Z+)&69 ]*G I)*0+12 ]6;+ V*162&*3 H3'2699+, (*?+)D@SF

    b+6) *B-*;;&''&*3&3A

    ! $&63L&9&3A =63AL%*7 !cQP !ccR

    # .62&63'%63

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    5/40

    N

    YJTJY 8,Z(3, ?+#3(/

    e32&9 #P!P> UO C&99&*3 2*3' *B ?6'2+?62+) ?6' A+3+)62+, (+) 8+6)G Y6'+, *3 2%+ +'2&;62&*3 2%62

    XPd *B 2%+ ?6'2+?62+) &' 2)+62+, 63, '97,A+ ()*,712&:&28 &' !GQ2 .)8 /622+)g!P>PPP;U

    ?6'2+?62+) 6C*72 UGNU ;&99&*3 2*3' *B ,)8 '97,A+ &' A+3+)62+,G S62+) 1*32+32 *B '+?6A+ '97,A+

    &' %&A%> *)A63&1 ;622+) 1*79, )+61% NPTXPdW &2 &' 73'26C9+ 63, 1)+62+' '+1*3,6)8 (*9972&*3> &B 3*2

    2)+62+,G H3 #PPP> B*);+) /E- D/&3&'2)8 *B -*3'2)712&*3F> B*);+) Z\I^ D'262+ +3:&)*3;+3269

    ()*2+12&*3 6,;&3&'2)62&*3F> 63, B*);+) /EZ$ D/&3&'2)8 *B Z1&+31+ 63, $+1%3*9*A8F 2*A+2%+)

    )+9+6'+, 6 3*2&1+ *3 $+1%3*9*A8 63, I*9&1+ *B Z+?6A+ $)+62;+32 63, I*9972&*3 I)+:+32&*3>

    '(+1&B8&3A 2%62 `B*) 6 ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632 ?%*'+ 16(61&28 &' ;*)+ 2%63 !PP>PPP;Ug,> &2

    &' '7AA+'2+, 2%62 636+)*C&1 ,&A+'2+) C+ &32)*,71+, B*) '97,A+ 2)+62;+32 A+3+)62+, B)*;

    '+1*3,6)8 2)+62;+32> 63, C&*A6' '%*79, C+ 7'+, 1*;()+%+3'&:+98Ga =*?+:+)> &3 )+69&28>

    636+)*C&1 ,&A+'2&*3 *B '+?6A+ '97,A+ &' 3*2 (*(796) ?&2%&3 ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632'

    DSS$IF &3 -%&36G $%+ )+6'*3' 6)+J

    !G ^36+)*C&1 2)+62;+32 *B '+?6A+ '97,A+ )+K7&)+' 6 %&A% &3:+'2;+32G $%+ &3:+'2;+32

    B*) 2%+ (6)2 *B 636+)*C&1 ,&A+'2&*3 611*732' B*) !gUT!g# *B 2%+ 2*269 &3:+'2;+32W

    (68C61@ 2&;+ 3*);6998 3++,' ;*)+ 2%63 !P 8+6)'G

    #G H2 &' ,&BB&1792 2* ;636A+ 63, *(+)62+ 96)A+T'169+ 636+)*C&1 2)+62;+32 73&2'W &3

    6,,&2&*3 &2 26@+' '+:+)69 ;*32%' 2* '26)2 7(> 63, &B &2 &' 73,+) '711+''B79 *(+)62&*3>

    ;*)+ 2+1%3&169 '26BB '%*79, C+ 2)6&3+,G

    UG Y&*A6' 7'+ &' )+962+, 2* '+:+)69 (6)6;+2+)' '71% 6' C&*A6' ()*,712&*3> C&*A6'

    1*99+12&*3> 63, C&*A6' (7)&B&162&*3> ?%&1% )+K7&)+ 6,,&2&*369 +K7&(;+32 63, 2+1%3&169

    '26BBG

    QG Z&L+ *B SS$I &' *B2+3 3*2 '7BB&1&+32 B*) +1*3*;&1 B+6'&C9+ *(+)62&*3J O#GNd *B ';699T

    '169+ SS$I D9+'' 2%63 NP>PPP ;Ug,F ,* 3*2 *(+)62+ 2%+&) 636+)*C&1 ,&A+'2&*3 73&2G

    Z(+1&B&1 C&*A6' ()*,712&:&28 *B ';699T'169+ '97,A+ 2)+62;+32 (9632' '++;' 2* C+ 9*?+)

    2%63 &3 96)A+T'169+ (9632'G

    Z*;+ '711+''B79 SS$I ?%&1% 6,*(2 636+)*C&1 ,&A+'2&*3 *B '+?6A+ '97,A+ B*) C&*A6'

    ()*,712&*3 6)+ 6' B*99*?'J

    8,'+(0 7#J 7($, #1 .'#E,)* M#)(*+#%

    2,/+3%,4

    Z(/*,Z(*,'

    )(.()+* 633769 6;*732 *B 6A)&17927)+ '2)6? 63, '269@ %6' )+61%+, XPP ;&99&*3 2*3'> 63,

    63&;69 ;637)+ B)*; %7'C63,)8 %6' )+61%+, #GX C&99&*3 2*3'G Y+'&,+'> 6 %7A+ 6;*732 *B *)A63&1

    ?6'2+ &' A+3+)62+, B)*; 2%+ ()*1+''&3A *B 6A)&17927)+ ()*,712'J 633769 C&*A6' (*2+32&69 B)*;

    6A)&17927)+ ?6'2+ 1*79, '7; 7( 2* !NP C&99&*3 ;U> ?%&1% &' +K769 2* cP C&99&*3 ;

    U*B 3627)69 A6'G

    $%&' 37;C+) &' +:+3 96)A+) 2%63 2%+ 633769 3627)69 A6' 1*3'7;(2&*3 ,7)&3A 2%+ 8+6) #PPRG

    H3 #PPX> 2%+ /&3&'2)8 *B ^A)&17927)+ &''7+, 6

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    7/40

    X

    \6'2 [+A&*3 QcXQ UQU #PNP #UcU QRG!!

    YJY 96"O7HMH5R -&&ML62 L7 9O6 5LV67 "-86

    H3B*);62&*3 *B ;637B6127)+) D%22(Jgg???G1*!RRG1*;g+i(,iUQRXNc#Qi!G%2;F

    -*;(638 36;+J -]I- D-%&36 ]62&*369 I+2)*9+7; -*)(*)62&*3F T 4&1%6& I*?+) \K7&(;+32

    -*;(638> -*32612J /) S+&5&*3A -=\]> /*C&9+J !UcOcPN!##P> \;6&9J 2+C&+'%&3&j!#OG1*;>

    S+C'&2+J%22(Jgg???G0&1%6&G1*;> ^,,)+''J ]*G!Q> S+3%76 S+'2 [*6,> 4&363 -&28> Z%63,*3A

    I)*:&31+> -%&36> #NPPOU

    $%&' @&3, *B +3A&3+ &' ,+'&A3+, B*) '+?6A+ A6' 63, 1*69 C+, A6'G H2 1*79, 69'* C+ 7'+, B*)

    C&*A6' 63, 3627)69 A6'G

    6-"H*1' "H 0%+ '30*3'

    /*,+9 37;C+)

    $8(+M*7)T'2)*@+> ?62+)T1**9&3A> '7(+)1%6)A+> &32+) 1**9+)> &A3&2+, C8 '(6)@ (97A>

    +9+12)&1 1*32)*9

    ^))63A+ *B 189&3,+) kT'%6(+> OPl&32+)'+12&*3 63A9+

    ]7;C+) *B 189&3,+) !#

    -89&3,+) ,&6;+2+) m 9+3A2% *B '2)*@+

    D;;F!cPm#!P

    $*269 ,&'(961+;+32 *B (&'2*3 DVF X!GN

    [62+, )*262+ '(++, D)g;&3F !PPP

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    8/40

    R

    H,9&3A D)g;&3F XPP

    [62+, (*?+) D@SF NPP

    !PP +;(9*8++'> ?&2% 2*269

    6''+2' *B [/Y XPP ;&99&*3> 63, 1*3'&'2' *B c ()*,712&*3 C)631%+'> ! '7C'&,&6)8 1*;(638 63,

    ! &32+)369 1*;C7'2&*3 +3A&3+ )+'+6)1% &3'2&272+> ?&2% 63 633769 ()*,712&*3 16(61&28 *B

    Q>PPP '+2'G

    M*) )+1+32 8+6)'> 69*3A 2%+ ,+:+9*(;+32 ,&)+12&*3 *B *BBT%&A%?68 ;+,&7; 63, 96)A+ (*?+)

    +3A&3+' 63, 26@&3A aY+22+)> Z2)*3A+) 63, V6)A+)a 6' C7'&3+'' ,+:+9*(;+32 '2)62+A8> 4.\-

    6&;' 62 C7&9,&3A 7( 6 96)A+ +3A&3+ ;637B6127)&3A +32+)()&'+ A)*7( *B ?*)9, 6,:631+, 63,

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    9/40

    c

    ,*;+'2&1 2*(G ^2 2%+ '6;+ 2&;+> &2 2)&+' 2* 1)+62+ 2%+ 6,:6326A+, &3 )+'+6)1% 63,

    ,+:+9*(;+32> ;637B6127)&3A 63, ;792&T6((9&162&*3 ;6)@+2> 6' 6 )+'792 2%62 2%+ '169+ *B

    *(+)62&*3 K7&1@98 +52+3,G $%+ ()*,712 ;6)@+2 +5(63, B6'2> B)*; *&9 2* '*1&+28> B)*; 963, 2*

    '+6> B)*; 1&:&9 2* ;&9&26)8> B)*; B7+9 *&9 2* ;638 @&3,' *B A6'+'G $%+8 %6:+ C+1*;+ 2%+

    ()+B+))+, (*?+) B*) *&9 ,)&99&3A> (9632 63, ;&3+ 9*1*;*2&:+'> +3A&3++)&3A ;61%&3+)8> ;6)&3+

    63, ?6)'%&( 6' ?+99 6' ,&+'+9 (*?+) '262&*3G

    ^2 ()+'+32> &2 ;6&398 ()*,71+' a4&1%6&a> 2%&' 6)+ 2%)++ ;60*) '+)&+' ()*,712'> &G+G Z+)&+' #PPP>

    UPPP 63, OPP ,&+'+9 +3A&3+' 63, (61@6A+, '+2' B*) 963, 7'+> ?&2% (*?+) )63A&3A B)*; #PPT

    #NPP@SW H3T9&3+ 63, k 28(+ ,&+'+9 +3A&3+' 63, (61@6A+, '+2' B*) ;6)&3+ 63, ?6)'%&(

    6((9&162&*3'> )63A&3A B)*; UPT!!PP@SW 63, pC6'+, *3 ,&+'+9 +3A&3+ C*,&+' T A6' D3627)69

    A6'> 1*69 A6'> C&*A6' 63, ;&5+, A6'F +3A&3+ 63, 2%+ 362&*369 17'2*;+)

    '62&'B612&*3 C7'&3+'' +32+)()&'+> 63, (6''+, 2%+ HZEcPP! K7632&28 '8'2+; 622+'262&*3> 2%+

    -%&3+'+ '%&( ;61%&3+ 6A+318 --Z 622+'262&*3 63, M)+31% '%&( ;61%&3+ 6A+318 Yk

    622+'262&*3'G $%+ ,&+'+9 +3A&3+ *B 4.\- C)63, *31+ %6' 2%+ %*3*7) *B 61K7&)&3A 2%+ 362&*369

    A*9, K769&28 ()&L+> 2%+ 362&*369 17'2*;+) '62&'B612&*3 ()*,712> 63, B6;*7' C)63, ()*,712 *B

    Z%63,*3AG

    YJ\ "HP&-G-9LV6 &6GIHGP-7"6

    @TA L* +/ 0()b+%3 #1 .#0+)< /:..#'*J 9B, ):'',%* ,%)#:'(3, .#0+)+,/ (', $#/*0< /*(< (* *B,

    )#%),.*+#% 0,;,0/ (%4 0()b #1 .('*+):0(' (%4 #.,'(?0, ',3:0(*+#%/J

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    10/40

    !P

    M*) 6 9*3A 2&;+> 2%+ C&*A6' +9+12)&1&28 A+3+)62&*3 ()*0+12 &' 6,;&3&'2)62+, &3 ,&BB+)+32

    A*:+)3;+3269 ,+(6)2;+32'G $%+ 1)*''&3A ,728> ;792&(9+ 6,;&3&'2)62&*3'> ,&'(+)'&3A

    B&3631+> )+(+62+, 1*3'2)712&*3 63, 1*3B7'+, A*:+)3;+3269 ;636A+;+32 %6:+

    ?+6@+3+, 2%+ 362&*369 ;61)*'1*(&1 1*32)*9 B*) 2%+ ,+:+9*(;+32 *B C&*A6' (*?+)G Z* B6)>

    2%+ 1*3'2)712&*3 *B C&*A6' ()*0+12 &3 -%&36 %6'3_2 C++3 C)*7A%2 &32* B&3631+ C7,A+2(963' 3*);62&:+98 62 699 9+:+9'G $%+ B&5+, B73, 1%633+9 %6'3_2 C++3 +'26C9&'%+, 6' '6;+

    6' 2%+ 2)+62;+32' *B 2%+ 3*);69 +3+)A8 ()*0+12'G

    $%+ C&*A6' ()*0+12 &' 6 1*;;*3?+69 63, ?+6@ &3,7'2)8 ?&2% 1*31+)3+, 2* 2%+ ?6'2+

    2)+62;+32G $%+ &3&2&69 &3:+'2;+32 2* 2%+ C&*A6' ()*0+12 &' %&A%G ^3, 2%+ &3,7'2)8 *B

    9&:+'2*1@ 63, (*792)8 C)++,&3A C+9*3A' 2* 2%+ 9*? ()*B&2 &3,7'2)8G S%+3 '*;+ 9&:+'2*1@

    63, (*792)8 C)++,&3A B6);' %6:+ C7&92 2%+ C&*A6' ()*0+12' 63, 2%+8 %6:+ 2* ,+69 ?&2% 2%+

    '7)(97' C&*A6' 2%62 1633*2 C+ 7'+, &3 2%+ B6);' 63, ?&2% 3* 6(()*61%+' 2* '7((98 2%+

    )+'&,+32' 6' 1**@&3A A6'G ^3, 2%+ +9+12)&1 (*?+) &B A+3+)62+, &' ,&BB&1792 2* 1*33+12 ?&2%

    2%+ A)&,W 2%+)+B*)+> ;638 9&:+'2*1@ 63, (*792)8 C)++,&3A (9632' ,&'1%6)A+ 2%+&) C&*A6'

    &32* 2%+ 6&)G H2 3*2 *398 )+61%+' 2%+ +5(+12+, +BB+12 *B &;()*:&3A +3:&)*3;+3269

    1*3,&2&*3'> C72 69'* ?6'2+' 2%+ )+'*7)1+ 63, )+,71+' 2%+ +1*3*;&1 C+3+B&2> +:+3 C)&3A'

    2%+ +3:&)*3;+3269 3+A62&:+ +BB+12> 9+6,' 2* 3* +32%7'&6'; *B 9&:+'2*1@ 63, (*792)8

    C)++,&3A B6);' 2* C7&9, 2%+ C&*A6' ()*0+12'G

    @YA 9B, *,)B%#0#3< (%4 ,c:+.$,%*d/ (', :%'+., 1#' ?+#3(/J 9B, $#/* 4#$,/*+) $(%:1()*:',4

    3,%,'(*+%3 /,*/ (', ',)#%/*':)*,4 1'#$ *B, 4+,/,0 ,%3+%,/J 9B, (:*#$(*+) )#%*'#0 0,;,0 +/ ;,' 692%*7A% 2%+)+ 6)+ ,*L+3' *B 162+A*)&+' *B C&*A6' +9+12)&1 A+3+)62*)'

    ,+:+9*(+, B*) ;*)+ 2%63 2?+328 8+6)'> 3* ()612&169 '+)&+' ()*,712' %6:+ C++3 B*);+,G

    $%+ ()*,712 K769&2&+' B)*; ,&BB+)+32 ;637B6127)+)' 6)+ :+)8 B6) 73T'&;&96)G \:+3 &3 2%+

    '6;+ B612*)8> ,7+ 2* 2%+ 6C'+31+ *B C621% ()*,712&*3> 2%+ K769&2&+' *B 2%+ '6;+ '+)&+'

    6)+ 69'* &))+A796)G Y+167'+ *B 2%+ '%*)26A+ *B 73&B*); K769&28 '263,6),' 63, &3'(+12&3A

    '8'2+; 61@3*?9+,A+, C8 2%+ 362&*3> 3* '263,6),&L62&*3 63, '+)&69&L62&*3 6)+ 6226&3+,

    B*) C&*A6' +9+12)&1&28 A+3+)62*) '+2 ()*,712&*3> ?%&1% ;6@+' 2%+ 1*3'7;+)' 961@ +3*7A%

    1*3B&,+31+ B*) 2%+'+ ()*,712'G

    -%&36 ()*,71+, (*?+) A+3+)62&*3 +3A&3+' 6)+ 1%+6(+) 1*;(6)+, 2* *2%+)

    &32+)362&*36998 ()*,71+, 63, &;(*)2+, '263,6), +3A&3+'G EB2+3 2%+8 ;&A%2 7'+ &3B+)&*)

    ;+269' 63, 9**'+ (6)2' &3'2+6, *B ()+1&'&*3 '* +:+)82%&3A &' 9**'+> +6'8 2* (72 2*A+2%+)>

    C72 9+6@' +:+)8?%+)+ 6B2+) '*;+ %73,)+,' %*7)' *B *(+)62&*3G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    11/40

    !!

    3*2 ()+1&'&*3 ;61%&3+, '* 2%+8 *B2+3 ,*3q2 B&2 ()*(+)98G ^' B*) A+3+)62*)'> -%&3+'+

    ;637B6127)+)' 7'+ 9+'' 1*((+) &3 2%+ 1*&9'> 9+'' 1*((+) &3 A+3+)69> 2%+ 65+9 63, '%6B2' 6)+

    3*2 (+)B+1298 '2)6&A%2 '* ?%*9+ 2%&3A ?*CC9+' 63, :&C)62+' '* +3+)A8 &' ?6'2+, 63, A)+62

    ?+6) *3 C+6)&3A'G

    ^ '*;+ 7'&3A ';699+) (&(+' B*) 1**9&3A 63,

    9+''+) A)6,+ *B ;+269' T '* ;+269 *:+) %+62'> +5(63,' *) ?)6(' ?%&1% &31)+6'+' B)&12&*363, ?+6)> ;+269 B62&A7+ B6'2+)> 1)61@'> 63, 9&B+ '(63 *B 97C)&162&3A *&9 &' '%*)2+3+,G $%&'

    ;+63' ;*)+ '2)&(' ,*?3 '+):&1+ 2* )+(961+ '+69'> C+6)&3A 63, 97C)&1632'G H3 6 372'%+99>

    -%&3+'+ +3A&3+' 6)+ ,+'&A3+, B*) '%*)2 *(+)62&3A 9&B+ 63, ,+'&A3+, B*) 2%+&) ()&1+ )63A+

    63, 3++, 69?68' 63 6,,&2&*369 '263,C8 73&2 B*) C&AA+) (*?+) '7((98 ()*0+12'G

    H3 1*3197'&*3> 2%+)+ 6)+ '+:+)69 )+6'*3' B*) 2%+ '%*)2 *(+)62&*369 9&B+2&;+ *B -%&3+'+

    C72 2%+8 6)+ 699 ;*)+ *) 9+'' 9&3@+, 2* 2%+ -%&3+'+ (*9&18 2* '7C'&,&L+ '71%

    96)A+T'169+ &3:+'2;+32'G $%+ r(9633+, +1*3*;8_ )+K7&)+' 69'* &3 96)A+T'169+ B6);' 2%62

    r(*2+32&69'_ 6)+ 16917962+, 6' r16(61&2&+'_ 63, 1*))+'(*3,&3A98 &3197,+, &3 B6);

    &3:+'2;+32'G $%&' 9+6,' 2* '&A3&B&163298 ()*9*3A+, '26)2T7( (+)&*,' p 63, &3 ;*'2 16'+'

    2%+ (*2+32&69 16(61&28 &' 3+:+) 61%&+:+,G $%+ 1*3'+K7+31+' 6)+ D!F %&A% *(+)62&*369 1*'2>

    C+167'+ %&A% &3:+'2;+32 ?6' )+K7&)+, 2* *C26&3 2%+ 16(&269 '7C'&,8 p ?%&1% &' (6&, *398

    *31+ 63, )+962+' 2* 2%+ (*2+32&69 16(61&28W D#F *:+)T+K7&((+, &3'269962&*3' p &3197,&3A

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    12/40

    !#

    '263, C8 3*2 1*;(9+2+98 ;6&326&3+,

    63, 2%+)+B*)+ +6)98 )+61% 2%+ +3, *B 2%+&) 9&B+ 1819+G

    Y72 1*;(6)+, 2* '*;+ %&A% '*(%&'2&162+, C&*A6' 6 (+);63+32 *(+)62&*3 :%4,' .('*+(0 0#(4

    )+,71+' 2%+ 9&B+ 1819+ '&A3&B&163298W 6' ,*+' 2%+ B)+K7+32 *3T*BBT*(+)62&*3 *B 6 A+3+)62*)G

    $*A+2%+) ?&2% 2%+ B612 2%62 ;6&32+3631+ 1*'2' ;7'2 C+ @+(2 62 6 9*? 9+:+9> 6 37;C+) *B

    96)A+T'169+ C&*A6' (9632' &3 -%&36 6)+ 27)3+, &32* &3:+'2;+32 )7&3' 69)+6,8 6B2+) Q 2* O

    8+6)' *B *(+)62&*3G

    !)' 3"*+' %3$ 7*2-%&*"3 ,-"21'9+ "H 2*"0%+ 0'3'-%&*"3 +'&+ %-' %1+" "2+&-G/&*"3+ :)*/)%HH'/& &)' %,,1*/%&*"3 %3$ 0'3'-%1*V%&*"3 "H &)' 2*"0%+ 0'3'-%&*"3 &'/)3*SG' "27*"G+1F8

    !)' $'9"3+&-%&*30 ,-".'/&+ "H 2*"0%+ 0'3'-%&*"3 *3 TG3%3 WG'F%30 %3$ A)"30S*30

    TG*F%30 +)": &)%&> 2'/%G+' "H &)' &-'9'3$"G+ 3"*+' 2-"G0)& 2F &)' A)*3'+' 2*"0%+

    0'3'-%&"- +'&+( &)' -'+*$'3&+ %-"G3$ ,G& H"-:%-$ &)' +'-*"G+ %-0G'( :)*/) /%G+'$ &)%&

    &)' ",'-%&*"3 &*9' *+ +)"-& %3$ $" 3"& -'%/) K )"G-+ %7'-%0' % $%F8

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    13/40

    !U

    +3A6A+;+32 *B B*)+&A3 &3:+'2*)' %*?+:+) '2&;7962+' 2%+ -%&3+'+ ;6)@+2 63, ()*;*2+'

    2%+ -%&3+'+ '7((9&+)' 2* ,+:+9*( 2+1%3*9*A8 ?&2% %&A%+) 9&B+ 2&;+'G .* 2* 2%+

    ,+:+9*(;+32 +BB*)2' &2 &' 3*2 737'769 2%62 3+? +3A&3+ 1*3'2)712&*3 ;*,+9 9&3+' 1*;&3A

    *72 +:+)8 2?* 8+6)'> 63, ,*17;+3262&*3 63, '(6)+ (6)2' B*) B*);+) .0+)+*0

    2%+ :*926A+ 1*32)*9> B)+K7+318 1*32)*9 63, '+17)&28 ;+6'7)+' 6)+ 3*2 (+)B+12 ?&2% '*;+

    ,*;+'2&1 C&*A6' A+3+)62*) '+2'> ?%&1% ?&99 )+'792' &3 9*?TK769&28 +9+12)&1&28 '7((98G Z*> &2

    &' *3+ *B 2%+ @+8 )+6'*3' B*) 2%+ (7C9&1 A)&, 2* 611+(2 2%+ C&*A6' A+3+)62*) '+2' 2*

    1*33+12 &32* 2%+ A)&,G

    I)*C9+;' ;68 C+ +5(+)&+31+, &B 2%+)+ &' &3'7BB&1&+32 +9+12)&1&28 9*6, &3 2%+ C+3+B&1&6)8

    +32+)()&'+ 2* ;6@+ B799 7'+ *B 2%+ +9+12)&1&28 ()*,71+,G Z&31+ ;638 -%&3+'+ C&*A6' -=I

    (9632' 28(&16998 *398 %6:+ 63 +9+12)&1 (*?+) *72(72 16(61&28 *B '*;+ !PP@S> 2%+8 6)+

    2** ';699 2* 1*33+12 2* 2%+ (7C9&1 +9+12)&1 A)&, 611*),&3A 2* 17))+32 )+A7962&*3'G ^2

    ()+'+32> *398 ,+1+32)69&L+, A+3+)62*) '+2' ?&2% 6 16(61&28 *B NPP @S *) ;*)+ 163 C+

    1*33+12+,G

    M7)2%+);*)+> 2%+)+ &' 6 2)+3, 2* '7C'&,&L+ `'*1&69 ()*0+12'a 9&@+ C&*A6' A)&,' 2* ,+9&:+)

    1**@&3A B7+9 2* 3+&A%C*7)&3A '+229+;+32'W 96)A+98 2%+ /&3&'2)8 *B ^A)&17927)+ (68' 2%+'+

    A)&,'G $%+ '69+ *B C&*A6' B*) 1**@&3A &' ;*)+ B+6'&C9+ 2%63 &2' 7'+ B*) +9+12)&1&28

    A+3+)62&*3> +'(G &B 2%+ A)&, *398 )+K7&)+' ;6&32+3631+ 63, 3* 3+? &3:+'2;+32G $%&'

    1*;(+2&2&*3 B*) C&*A6' *B2+3 9+6,' 2* 6 )+,712&*3 *B 2%+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    14/40

    !Q

    *3&'-3%&*"3%1 2*"0%+ '30*3' 9%3GH%/&G-'-+8 6-".'/&+ :)*/) %-' 3"& +'& G, %& % /'-&%*3

    +&%3$%-$ :*11 3"& )%7' % `La 61%3& B"%$ ?%/&"- J"- _LLL )bF-8; ",'-%&*"3%1 %7%*1%2*1*&F

    %3$ :*11 3"& ,-"$G/' '3'-0F %3$ H'-&*1*V'- *3 &)' '5,'/&'$ SG%3&*&F %3$ SG%1*&F8JR"G-/'>

    EO= 66!E ]`U`( KLL`;

    C3 %3"&)'- %G&)"-+ :'11 @3":3 /%+'( ='*.*30 O'S*30FG%3 A)*/@'3 ?%-9 K8]\Z =*"0%+

    6":'- 6-".'/&( 1"/%&'$ *3 R)G*FG c*11%0'( d)%30+)%3F*30 &":3( ='*.*30 A*&F( &)' H*3%11F

    *3+&%11'$ /%,%/*&F *+ K\Z JK5N\Z 4'32%/)'-; JL8] \Z 1":'- &)%3 ,G21*+)'$ *3 &)'

    6OO; %3$ '+&*9%&'$ '1'/&-*/%1 /%,%/*&F :)*/) 9%F 2' +G,,1*'$ &" &)' bb'/"K$%&%8/"9b,-".'/&beLNKNg/-'$*&*306'-*"$R'1'/&'$fE11

    I7)+ -%&3+'+ C&*A6' +3A&3+' 6)+ *B2+3 C6'+, *3 ,&+'+9 +3A&3+'> ()*:&,&3A ;+2%63+

    '9&((6A+ 63, 9*?+) +BB&1&+318> ?%+)+6' &32+)362&*369 ()*,71+)' &3 2%+ ;+632&;+ *BB+)*?3 C&*A6' +3A&3+ ,+:+9*(;+32' *) 62 9+6'2 6)+ C6'&3A 2%+&) ()*,712' *3 3627)69 A6'

    +3A&3+'G The Gas-Otto-motor consists principally of a gasoline engine, characterized by

    low compression and spark ignition. A turbo-charger provides a gas-air mixture, which is

    ignited by a spark plug. The diesel engine draws air and compresses it very highly, so

    that the injected diesel ignites itself. Adapting a diesel engine to biogas only spark

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    15/40

    !N

    ignition will be added, without lowering the pressure. $%&' ;68 2%+ )+6'*3 ?%8 6C*72

    OPPP *(+)62&*3 %*7)' (+) 8+6) B*) -%&3+'+ Y&*A6' PPP *(+)62&3A %*7)'> 61%&+:&3A 6' '71% 6 9*3A+) '+):&1+ 9&B+G

    =*?+:+)> &2 &' 2* 6''7;+ 2%62 6 ?+99 1*3'2)712+, &3,7'2)8 A6' ;*2*) ;68 ?*)@ C+2?++3

    QP>PPP 63, RP>PPP *(+)62&3A %*7)' 732&9 2%+ A+3+)69 1%+1@ *) 2%+ +51%63A+ *B 2%+ ;*2*)G

    -*;(6)+, 2* 2%+ =7363 2* 2%+ ?+'2 63, =7C+& 63, ^3%7& 2* 2%+ 3*)2%G Z7))*73,+, C8

    ;*7326&3' *3 2%)++ '&,+' 63, B61&3A 2%+ b63A2L+ [&:+) *3 2%+ *2%+)> 4&63A5& %6' )*99&3A %&99' 63,

    C)*6, (96&3'G $%+ 963, A)6,76998 2&92' B)*; '*72% 2* 3*)2%> 9+6,&3A 2* 2%+ 96)A+'2 B)+'% ?62+) 96@+

    &3 -%&36> I*863A V6@+> ?%&1% B*);' 6 96)A+> *(+3 C6'&3G 4&63A5& &' )&1% &3 ;&3+)69 )+'*7)1+'G

    ^;*3A 2%+ !NP ()*:+3 ;&3+)69' &3 2%+ ?*)9,> 4&63A5& %6' ,*17;+32+, ;*)+ 2%63 !QPG $%+

    )+'+):+' *B UU *B 2%+; 6)+ 6;*3A 2%+ 2*( B&:+ &3 :*97;+ 63, K769&28 &3 -%&36G $%+ )+'+):+' *B

    3*3B+))*7' ;+269'> ()+1&*7' ;+269'> )6)+ ;&3+)69'> )6)+T+6)2% ;&3+)69' 9+6, 2%+ 1*732)8G S&2% 6

    2*269 9+3A2% *B 6C*72 !R>QPP@;> *:+) #QPP )&:+)' *B :6)&*7' '&L+' )73 2%)*7A% 4&63A5&G EB 2%+'+>

    *:+) !OP %6:+ ?62+) 699 8+6)G $%+ B&:+ ;60*) ?62+)?68' 6)+ 2%+ M7%+> f&30&63A> f&7%+

    63, [6*%+ [&:+)'G $%+ 1*:+)&3A 6 ,)6&36A+ 6)+6

    *B RU>NPP@;#G H2 1*:+)' '71% 6 96)A+ 6)+6 2%62 4&63A5& &' 1699+, t ?&3, 2%)*7A% 2%+ B**2%&99'> )73 61)*'' 2%+ (96&3'>

    ;*&'2+3 B+)2&9+ 963,'> A62%+) 62 I*863A V6@+ 63, +;(28 &32* 2%+ b63A2L+ [&:+)G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    16/40

    !O

    B"/%&*"3 "H 4*%305* 6-"7*3/'

    4&63A5& &' ,*22+, ?&2% 37;+)*7' 96@+'> *B ?%&1% I*863A V6@+ &' 2%+ ;*'2 B6;*7'G H2 '2)+21%+'

    !XP @&9*;+2)+' B)*; '*72% 2* 3*)2%> 63, XQ @&9*;+2)+' B)*; +6'2 2* ?+'2G H2' '%*)+9&3+' )73 B*)

    !>RPP @&9*;+2)+'G .7)&3A 2%+ B9**, '+6'*3> 2%+ 96@+ 1*:+)' U>RQ! 'K76)+ @&9*;+2)+'> 63, 2%+

    ?&,+ +5(63'+ *B ;&'28 I*863A V6@+ )63@' 2%+ B&)'2 6;*3A -%&36q' B&:+ 96)A+'2 B)+'% 96@+'G H2'

    %7A+ :*97;+ *B ?62+) 612' 6' 6 2)63'B+) '262&*3 9&3@&3A 2%+ B&:+ ;60*) )&:+)' ?&2% 2%+ b63A2L+

    [&:+) 63, 2%+3 2* 2%+ I61&B&1 E1+63G H2 &' 6 %7C 9&3@&3A 4&63A5&q' )&:+) 2)63'(*)262&*3 ?&2% *2%+)

    ()*:&31+' 6' ?+99 6' 6 )+A7962&3A 1+32)+ 2* 2%+ B9*? *B ?62+) &3 2%+ b63A2L+ [&:+)G I*863A V6@+ &'

    63 6K762&1 2)+6'7)+ %*7'+G $%+ B+)2&9+ 6)+6 6)*73, 2%+ 96@+ &' @3*?3 6' t2%+ 963, *B B&'% 63,

    )&1+tG

    $%+ 19&;62+ *B 4&63A5& ()*:&31+ ()+'+32' B*7) '+6'*3' 692+)362&3A ,&'2&312&:+98J ?6); ?&2%

    6C73,632 )6&3B699 &3 '()&3A> %*2 63, %7;&, &3 '7;;+)> 1**9 ?&2% 9&229+ )6&3B699 &3 6727;3> 1%&998

    63, ,)8 &3 ?&32+)G H3 #PPc> 2%+ 6:+)6A+ 2+;(+)627)+ *B 2%+ ?%*9+ ()*:&31+ ?6' 6C*72 !RGc*->

    ?&2% 2%+ 633769 ()+1&(&262&*3 *B !QURG!;; 63, 633769 '73'%&3+ %*7)' *B !OROGU%G$%)*7A%*72

    2%+ ?%*9+ 8+6) 4&63A5&> ?%&1% C+9*3A' 2* %7;&, '7C2)*(&169 19&;62+> %6' ;&9, 19&;62+> ?&2%

    '7BB&1&+32 '73'%&3+> (9+32&B79 )6&3B699 63, 9*3A B)*'2TB)++ (+)&*,G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    17/40

    !X

    \JY &',/,%* 8+*:(*+#% #1 &+3 1('$+%3

    4&63A5& %6' 3* 1*;(6)62&:+ 6,:6326A+' &3 2%+ 9&:+'2*1@ '+12*) 6' 6 ?%*9+ +51+(2 B*) (&A'G ORd *B

    (&A' 63, OOd *B (*792)8 &3 2%+ ()*:&31+ 6)+ ()*,71+, &3 9&:+'2*1@ B6);' *B +1*3*;&1 '169+ C6'+,*3 2%+ '263,6),' '+2 C8 2%+ A*:+)3;+32G H3 #PPR> 2%+ ()*:&31+ 1*732+, ?&2% #OR (&A B6);' ?&2%

    *:+) !P>PPP %+6,' *B (&A' 63, U!PP (&A B6);' ?&2% *:+) !PPP %+6, *B (&A'G ^ 96)A+ ()*(*)2&*3 *B

    (&A )6&'&3A B6);+)' 6)+ *)A63&L+, &3 9&:+'2*1@ 1**(+)62&:+'> 63, 2%+ ()*1+''&3A *B 9&:+'2*1@

    ()*,712' &' ,+:+9*(+, 6' ()*'(+)&3A &3,7'2)8> A+3+)62&3A 63 *72(72 :697+ *B -]b!OGN C&99&*3 &3

    #PPR> ?%&1% ?6' 6C*72 U!d *B 2%+ *72(72 :697+ *B 9&:+'2*1@G $%+ ;60*) 1*3'2)6&32' B61+, C8 2%+

    ()*:&31&69 9&:+'2*1@ &3,7'2)8 6)+J D&F 2%+ 9+6,&3A +32+)()&'+' %6:+ ?+6@ +1*3*;&1 9&3@6A+ ?&2%

    B6);+)'_ &31*;+ A+3+)62&*3 692%*7A% 4&63A5& %6' '*;+ 362&*3?&,+ ?+99T@3*?3 C)63,' *B

    9&:+'2*1@ ()*,712'W D&&F '+):&1+ B*) 9&:+'2*1@ D:+2+)&36)8 63, 6A)&17927)69 +52+3'&*3 '+):&1+'F %6'

    C++3 73,+),+:+9*(+,> ?%&1% ;6,+ 2%+ &3,7'2)&69 ,+:+9*(;+32 736C9+ 2* )+'&'2 3627)69 ,&'6'2+)

    63, ;6)@+2 '%*1@'W 63, D&&&F 2%+ 16(61&2&+' *B ()*1+''&3A 63, )+B)&A+)62&*3 *B 9&:+'2*1@ ()*,712'

    %6' C++3 :+)8 9&;&2+,G

    $%+ ()*:&31+ %6' (*2+32&69 &3 9&:+'2*1@ &3,7'2)8 &3 2%+ B*99*?&3A 6)+6'J D&F 4&63A5& %6' C++3 *3+

    *B 2%+ ;60*) 3+2 +5(*)2+)' *B A)6&3 &3 2%+ 1*732)8 63, 69'* %6' '(61+ B*) &31)+6'&3A B++, 1)*('

    &3 2%+ 6)6C9+ 963,' ?%&1% 6)+ 3*2 '7&26C9+ B*) A)6&3 63, 16'% 1)*( (9632&3A 63, &3 2%+ A)6''963,G

    $%+)+B*)+> &2 &' (*''&C9+ 2* &31)+6'+ 2%+ ()*,712&*3 *B (&A' 63, 16229+ ?&2% 2%+ '7((*)2 *B

    B++,'2*1@W D&&F 4&63A5& &' 6 ()*:&31+ ?&2% 96)A+ 6)+6' *B &3963, ?62+)G $%+)+ &' '(61+ B*) &31)+6'&3A

    ,71@ 63, A++'+ ()*,712&*3W 63, D&&&F 96)A+ (*2+32&69 B*) 9&:+'2*1@ ,+:+9*(;+32 9&+' &3 2%+

    &;()*:+;+32 *B 2%+ ;*,+ *B C)++,&3A 63, ()*1+''&3A 2* &31)+6'+ 9&:+'2*1@ C6'+, &31*;+ B*)

    B6);+)'G JR"G-/'> KLNL EO= !'/)3*/%1 E++*+&%3/' 6-".'/&> 4*%305* IG-%1 O'7'1",9'3& R&-%&'0F(

    6%0' N]K(N]U;

    \J\ 60,)*'+) Z,' 8+*:(*+#%

    4&63A5& 961@' +9+12)&1 (*?+)G e32&9 ^()&9 !#2%

    #P!!> (*?+) 1*3'7;(2&*3 %6, 6117;7962+, 2*

    #PG!# C&99&*3 @S%> 63 &31)+6'+ *B U!GPcd 1*;(6)+, 2* 2%+ '6;+ (+)&*, &3 #P!PG $%+ &31)+6'+

    )62+ *B 4&63A5& (*?+) 1*3'7;(2&*3 )63@' 62 2%+ B*)+B)*32 362&*3?&,+G H32+3'+ (*?+) '%*)26A+

    C)&3A' 6C*72 &31)+6'+ *B 2%+ +9+12)&1&28 ()&1+ B)*; 2%+);69 (*?+) (9632 C8 # 1+32' -]bg@S%G

    Z&31+ ^()&9 #P!!> ,7+ 2* )6&3B699 '%*)26A+> %8,)*T(*?+) 8&+9,' 6)+ ,+1)+6'&3AW 2%7' 1*69 &'

    7)A+3298 3++,+, B*) (*?+) A+3+)62&*3 63, 6C*72 !NPP 2)71@' *B 1*69 6)+ `&;(*)2+,a ,6&98 2*

    1*;(+3'62+ 2%+ (*?+) A6(G H3 '*;+ 6)+6' *B 4&63A5& (*?+) )62&*3&3A &3 '7;;+) &' 1*;;*3G H3

    '7;;+) #PPR> 4&63A5& I*?+) 4&63A5& &' )+6998 &3 3++, 2* ,+:+9*( C&*T+3+)A8G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    18/40

    !R

    A"%1 &-%3+,"-& &" 4*%305*

    ]JU V6GLIL"-9LH7 HI 268L57 VHMCP68 -72 6f&6"962 DLH5-8

    -PHC798

    ^11*),&3A 2* I..> 2%+)+ 6)+ 2?* @&3,' *B (&A *3 %63,J '*? 63, ;6)@+2 (&AG H3 2%&' 16'+> 2*269

    37;C+) *B '?&3+ &' RQ>OPX> 1*;()&'&3A X>#N# '*?' 63, XX>UNN ;6)@+2 (&A> A+3+)62&3A 2%+

    B*99*?&3A 6;*732 *B ?6'2+J

    !"#$

    &'()*#

    '$+)(",-.,/#'0

    12

    ,3

    4*5(#

    '$+)(",-.,/#'0

    12

    ,3

    1+"'6

    '$+)(",-.,/#'0

    12 '$+)("

    ,-.,/#'0

    2+7 UGO #P QGN #GN RG! PGRU

    &'*-#" 85.!T!GXN

    D!GURF#P

    !GNT#GXN

    D#G!#F#GN UGN PGUU

    JR"G-/'> T%30V)"G Q3'-0F Q37*-"39'3&%1 Q30*3''-*30 A"",'-%&*"3 B&$8;

    "(0):0(*+#%

    ^11*),&3A 2* 2%+ 6C*:+T;+32&*3+,> 2%+ 2*269 6;*732 *B ?6'2+ D;637)+ 63, 7)&3+F '%*79, C+

    o!uX#N#mRG!vXXUUNmUGNuU#cQ!UGX@Ag,G

    ^33769 ?6'2+ 6;*732 o#uU#cQ!UGX@Ag,mUON, u!#P#UOPP!@Ag8 w!#P 2%*7'63, 2*3'g8

    H2 &' A&:+3 C8 -9&;62+ Y)&,A+ 2%62 63376998 6C*72 NO 2%*7'63, 2*3' *B 1*99+126C9+ ?6'2+ ?&99 C+

    2)+62+,G $%+ ,&BB+)+31+ C+2?++3 2%+ A&:+3 63, 2%+ 16917962+, B&A7)+ ;68 C+ 167'+, C8 ,&BB+)+32

    .)8 /622+) 1*32+32 ?%&1% ,+(+3,' *3 2%+ '26C9+ 19+63'&3A ;+2%*,G M*) &3'2631+> ,)8 19+63&3A

    ;+2%*, ;68 )+'792 &3 %&A% $Z D;*)+ 2%63 !PdF> %*?+:+)> B97'% 19+63&3A ;+2%*, ;68 C+ 07'2

    $Zu#TQdG $%+ 2*269 6;*732 *B ?6'2+ &' &;(*)2632 B*) 16917962&3A C&*A6' (*2+32&69W 63, 2%+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    19/40

    !c

    1*3197'&*3 2%62 63376998 NO 2%*7'63, 2*3' *B ?6'2+ ?&99 C+ ;637)+ ?&2% %&A% .)8 /622+)

    1*32+32G $%+ 6117)62+ ?68 2* 16917962+ 2%+ C&*A6' (*2+32&69 &' C6'+, *3 $*269 Z*9&, D$ZF *) .)8

    /622+) D./F 1*32+32J

    !"&%1 !R %9"G3& '%/) $%F f^KeKhL8_Ui^^UUehL8UUfUNeU`8^N@0b$ jUNe]L@0b$

    H2+; $Z gd *$Zgd$Z

    Y&*A6' (*2+32&69

    -=Q 1*32+32gd;Ug2

    M)+'% ;637)+

    ;Ug2

    *$Z

    -6229+ ;637)+ !RT#P ORTXO QPTNP #!PTUPP xOP

    Z?&3+ ;637)+ #PT#N XNTRP NNTON #XPTQNP xOP

    -%&1@+3 ;637)+ UPTU# OUTRP XPTcP #NPTQNP xOP

    JJR"G-/'> T%30V)"G Q3'-0F Q37*-"39'3&%1 Q30*3''-*30 A"",'-%&*"3 B&$8;;

    M*) B)+'% '?&3+ ;637)+> B)*; 2%+ ,626 &3 2%+ 26C9+> C&*A6' (*2+32&69 &' #NP ;

    U

    g2 $ZG

    $%+)+B*)+J ,6&98 C&*A6' 8&+9, u U!NQPmPG#N u XRRN ;UC&*A6'g,

    $* 1*;(6)+> &3 -%&36> 6 96)A+ 63, ;+,&7;T'&L+, C&*A6' ()*0+12> ?%*'+ )6? ;62+)&69' 1*;+

    B)*; !P>PPP (&A' ,73A> 1*79, ()*,71+ 62 9+6'2 OPP 17C&1 ;+2+)' *B C&*A6' (+) ,68G

    ^11*),&3A 2* -9&;62+ Y)&,A+> 2%+ ,6&98 ;637)+ u NOPPPgUON u !NUGQ2*3'g,

    S+ 6)+ '7((*'&3A 2%62 2%+ B++,'2*1@ &' 69)+6,8 ;&5+, ?&2% '26C9+ B97'%&3A ?62+)G HB !NUGQ2*3'g,

    B++,'2*1@ &' 3*2 ;&5+, ?&2% *2%+) ;62+)&69 D+GAG ?6'2+?62+)F> $Zd *B B++,'2*1@

    uU!GNQPg!NUGQu#PGOd> 2%&' $Zd &' 737'769 B*) B++,&3A ,&A+'2+) &3 -%&36G

    ^''7;&3A 2%62 :*97;+2)&1 A6' 8&+9,u!;Ug;

    Ug, D6''7;&3A 2%+ $Z &3'&,+ *B 2%+ ,&A+'2+) &' Rd> 2%&'

    B&A7)+ &' (*''&C9+ 63, )+6'*36C9+ &3 -%&36> +:+3 &B :*97;+2)&1 A6' 8&+9, ,7)&3A )+69 *(+)62&*3 &'

    3*);6998 9+'' 2%63 !;Ug;

    Ug, C+167'+ *B 9*? $Z 63, 9*? C&*A6' (*2+32&69F> &3 2%&' 16'+> 2*269

    +BB+12&:+ :*97;+ *B ,&A+'2+) &' XRRN;UG $?* -Z$[ ,&A+'2+)' 6)+ 7'+,G ^''7;&3A 2%62 +BB+12&:+

    :*97;+ &' RNd *B 2*269 :*97;+ T )+6'*36C9+ )63A+ '%*79, C+ RPdTcNd> 2*269 :*97;+ *B ,&A+'2+)

    u XRRNgRNd u c#XO;UG \61% ,&A+'2+) 1*79, C+ ,+'&A3+, ?&2% 6 ;&3&;7; *B NPPP;

    UW 2%+)+B*)+

    2%+ ,+'&A3' OPPP;U+61% 6)+ 6(()*()&62+G

    -Z$[ 636+)*C&1 ()*1+'' -Z$[ 2+1%3*9*A8 &' &3'2699&3A ;&5&3A ,+:&1+' &3 2%+ 1*3:+32&*369

    636+)*C&1 )+612*)'G $%+ )6? ;62+)&69' 63, ;&1)**)A63&'; 6)+ &3 6 1*;(9+2+98 ;&5+, '262+> 63,

    &2' +BB&1&+318 &' ;6)@+,98 &;()*:+, 1*;(6)+, 2* 1*3:+32&*369 636+)*C&1 )+612*)'G ^2 ()+'+32

    2%&' C&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 &' ?&,+98 7'+, &3 \7)*(+63 1*732)&+'G $%&' )+612*) *B2+3 7'+' 1*3'2632

    2+;(+)627)+ 1*32&37*7' B++, *) '+;&T1*32&37*7' B++, *(+)62&*3> 63, &2 &' B&2 2* 2)+62 )6?

    ;62+)&69' 2%62 1*326&3 96)A+ K7632&2&+' *B '7'(+3,+, '*9&,' *B %&A% 1*31+32)62&*3'G H3 2%+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    20/40

    #P

    )+612*)> 3+? )6? ;62+)&69' ;&5 ?&2% 699 B+);+3262&*3 9&K7&, K7&1@98 ,7+ 2* ;&5&3A> '* 2%+

    1*31+32)62&*3 *B B+);+3262&*3 '7C'2)62+ &' 69?68' ;6&326&3+, 62 6 )+962&:+98 9*? 9+:+9G

    "B##/, 567869 ,%3+%,F

    M)*; 2%+ 26C9+ A&:+3 C8 4&63A5& ^A)&17927)+ \3A&3++)&3A -*3'792 -+32)+ 6 1*;(6)&'*3 C+2?++3

    %*;+;6,+ 63, *:+)'+6' A+3+)62*) )+'792' 6' B*99*?'G $%+'+ 1*;(6)&'*3' 6)+ B7998 6A)++, C8

    2%+ +5(+)2 2+6;G

    H;,'/,(/ 3,%,'(*#' /,* "B+%,/, 3,%,'(*#' 8,*

    63, 2%+ 169*)&B&1 :697+ &' !cGXN/4g;U

    C&*A6'> 73,+) 96C*)62*)8 1*3,&2&*3 2%+ +9+12)&169 +BB&1&+318 1*79, )+61% UOd B*) -%&3+'+

    A+3+)62*)'> C72 *398 UUd 1*79, C+ A76)632++,G ^''7;&3A 2%62 2%+ +9+12)&169 +BB&1&+318 &' UQd>

    2%+ ,6&98 A+3+)62+, +9+12)&1&28 )+'792' &3 XRRN!cGXNUQdN#cQR /4!QXPR @S%

    ^''7;&3A 2%62 2%+ 633769 *(+)62&*3 2&;+ *B 2%+ -%&3+'+ A+3+)62*) &' O>PPP%> 2%&' &' +K769 2*

    !OGQQ%g,W 612769 (*?+) *72(72 *B 2%+ A+3+)62*) &' !QXPXg!OGQQ RcN@SW )62+, (*?+) '%*79,

    C+ 6C*72 !Pd ;*)+ 2%63 612769 (*?+)J &3 2%&' 16'+> 2?* '+2' *B NPP@S C&*A6' A+3+)62*)' 1*79,

    C+ 6,*(2+,G

    ^' ,+'1)&C+, C+B*)+ &3 2%+ 2+1%3*9*A8 +:69762&*3> ,7+ 2* 2%+ 1*3B&,+31+ &3 2%+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    21/40

    #!

    G,)B,)b OG9F

    ^''7;&3A 2%62 2%+ 16917962&*3 6C*:+ &' 1*))+12> =[$uXRRNmRdgU!GcQPu#P,> 2%&' &' )+6'*36C9+

    B*) '?&3+ ;637)+ B++,'2*1@G $%+ B+6'&C&9&28 '27,8 %6' +:+3 #N ,68' B*)+'++3G

    H3 -%&36 *B2+3 2%+ B&22&3A =[$ &' *398 B*) 2+3 2* B&B2++3 ,68' &3 2%+ ;+'*(%&9&1 2+;(+)627)+ )63A+G-*3'&,+)&3A 2%+ ;+'*(%&9&1 )63A+> &B 2%+ ,+3'&28 *B 2%+ B+);+3262&*3 ;62+)&69 &' %&A%> 2%+ =[$

    '%*79, C+ &31)+6'+,G HB 2%+ ,+3'&28 *B 2%+ B+);+3262&*3 ;62+)&69 &' 9*?> 2%+ =[$ '%*79, C+

    ,+1)+6'+,G

    ^JU 6f&6"962 "O-MM67568

    "#%%,)*,4 *# *B, 3'+4F

    M*) 6 ! /S ()*0+12> ]62&*369 I*?+) %*? &' 4&63A5&

    ()*:&31&69 A*:+)3;+32 A*&3A 2* (+)'76,+ 2%+ ]62&*369 I*?+) &3 '*;+ 6)+6'> 2%+ B6:*7)6C9+ ()&1+ '7C'&,8 B*) )+3+?6C9+ +3+)A8 (*?+) &' 3*2

    2&;+98 )+69&L+,> 6' 63 6A)++;+32 %6' 3*2 C++3 ;6,+ C+2?++3 2%+ (*?+) A+3+)62&*3 ()*0+12

    63, 2%+ (*?+) A)&, B*) 2%+ ,+9&:+)8 *B 2%+ '7)(97' (*?+) &32* 2%+ A)&,G

    M#3+/*+)/F

    $%+ ;637)+ B)*; !X '?&3+ B6);' ?&99 C+ 2)63'(*)2+, C8 2)71@' 2* 2%+ ()*0+12 '&2+G $%+ 9*3A+'2

    ,&'2631+ C+2?++3 6 '?&3+ B6); 2* 2%+ ()*0+12 '&2+ &' ?&2%&3 #P@;G H3 *),+) 2* 61K7&)+ 2%+

    ,+'&A3+, C&*A6' 6;*732> B++,'2*1@ &' 63 &''7+ 2* ;6&326&3 C&*A6' ()*,712&*3G H2 &' 3*2 +6'8 2*

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    22/40

    ##

    *)A63&L+ !X '?&3+ B6);' 2* 2)63'(*)2 '7&26C9+ ;637)+ 2* 2%+ '&2+ *) C61@7( +3*7A% '2*)6A+

    (961+ *3'&2+> +:+3 2%+ ()*0+12 '&A3+, 69)+6,8 6 1*32)612 ?&2% 9*169 A*:+)3;+32 *3 A76)632++ *B

    2%+ ;637)+ '7((98G \1*3*;&1 63698'&' '%*79, C+ ,*3+ 6%+6, *B 2&;+G ^' B*) 9*A&'2&1' *B

    2)63'(*)262&*3> &' 2%+)+ 6 ()*B+''&*369 2)71@ 2+6; B*) 2%+ 2)63'(*)262&*3 *) ,*+' +61% B6); %6:+

    &2' *?3 2)71@' B*) 2)63'(*)262&*3y H3 16'+ *B 3*2 B79B&9;+32 *B 2%+ ;637)+ A76)632++> %*? ;71%&' 2%+ A62+ ()&1+ *) +5TB612*)8 ()&1+ B*) ;637)+y =*? ;71% ;68 C+ 2%+ 2)63'(*)262&*3 1*'2y

    9(%b (%*+)#''#/+#%F

    $%+)+ 6)+ '*;+ ()*C9+;' ?&2% 1*))*'&*3 *B V&(( 263@' &3 -%&36G V&(( 263@' 6)+ @3*?3 B*) 2%+

    %&A% 1*3'2)712&*3 K769&28G =*?+:+)> &3 -%&36> V&(( 263@ &' ,&BB+)+32 B)*; 2%62 &3 V&(( 263@ &3 C72 &3 -%&36> &2 &' 3*2 '7AA+'2+, 2* 6,*(2 V&(( 263@ C+167'+ &2 &' ;6,+ *B

    1*;;*3 A69:63&L+, '2++9 (96&3 '%++2 )62%+) 2%63 '26&39+'' '2++9G H3 2%&' 16'+> 1*))*'&*3 ?*79, C+

    6 ()*C9+; *) +52)6 2)+62;+32 '%*79, C+ ,*3+ B*) 632&1*))*'&*3> 2%7' &3:*9:&3A +52)6 1*'2G

    H'3(%+) 1,'*+0+e,' $('b,*F

    $%+ *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+) ;6)@+2 &' 73'26C9+W 1*3'7;+)' '%*79, C+ 26)A+2+, B*) *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+)

    72&9&L62&*3G 4&63A5& &' 3*2 )&1% &3 +1*3*;8 63, +,7162&*3 9+:+9 *B B6);+)' &' )+962&:+98 9*?W

    ?%+2%+) 9*169 B6);+)' *) *2%+) )+A&*3' 1*79, 611+(2 &2 &' 6 C&A K7+'2&*3G M+)2&9&L+) +BB&1&+318 *B

    *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+) &' '9*?> &2 1*79, 96'2 ;*)+ 2%63 #PP ,68' '*;+2&;+' 2* '%*? &;(612G E3+

    *C'2619+ 2* *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+) &' 2%62 &2 1*79, 3*2 K7&1@98 C)&3A 6C*72 ;*)+ 8&+9,'G Z* +:+3 7( 2*

    ,62+> &2 &' '2&99 )+1*;;+3,+, 2%62 *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+) C+ 6((9&+, 2*A+2%+) ?&2% ;&3+)69 B+)2&9&L+)G

    =*? 2* +3'7)+ 2%+ 1*3'7;(2&*3 *B *)A63&1 B+)2&9&L+) &' 6 1%699+3A+G

    _JU "HPP6798

    M)*; )+:&+?&3A 63, B7)2%+) &3:+'2&A62&*3 *B 2%+ ()*(*'+, ()*0+12> ?%&1% '%*79, C+ )+A&'2+)+,

    6' 6 -./ ()*0+12 73,+) 2%+ 162+A*)8 -P8 LLL 2D?%&1% C6'&16998 ,+69' ?&2% /+2%63+ )+1*:+)8 &3

    63&;69 ;637)+ ;636A+;+32 '8'2+;'F> 1*;;+32' B)*; 2%+ +5(+)2' 6)+ '7;;6)&L+, 6' B*99*?'J

    o $%+ &,+6 *B &;(9+;+32&3A '71% 6 ()*0+12 &3 -%&5& :&996A+> 4&63A5& I)*:&31+ &' 3*2 *398 A*&3A 2*

    '+):+ 6' 6 (*?+) A+3+)62&3A '*7)1+ *) &2 1*79, 69'* '+):+

    6' 6 (961+ B*) B7)2%+) )+'+6)1%g'27,&+' &32* %*? C+'2 %&A%+) :+)'&*3 *B 2%+ ,+'&A3+, 1*79, C+

    &;(9+;+32+, &3 2%+ 3+6) B727)+ ?&2%&3 2%+ '6;+ :&1&3&28 ,7+ 2* 2%+ '(++,8 &31)+6'+ )62+ *B

    (&A ()*,712&*3G

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    23/40

    #U

    o $%&' ()*0+12 ?&99 '+):+ 6' '7((9+;+32 2* 2%+ +9+12)&169 A)&, *B -%&36 B*) 2%+ ()*:&31+ 63,

    &3,&)+1298 '*9:&3A (6)298 2%+ ()*C9+; *B %&A% ,+;63, *B +9+12)&1&28 *B 2%+ &3,7'2)&+' *(+)62&3A

    ?&2%&3 2%+ :&1&3&28 63, 2%+ :6)&*7' %*7'+%*9,' 62 96)A+G

    o $%&' ()*0+12q' (7)(*'+ &' 2* 61%&+:+ ?&3T?&3 *C0+12&:+' *B 2%+ -./ &3 2%+ +3+)A8 '+12*) *B

    -%&36 2%)*7A% &;(9+;+3262&*3 *B 63, 2* 6''&'2 %*'2 61%&+:&3A '7'26&36C9+

    ,+:+9*(;+32 %+31+ 1*32)&C72&3A 2* 2%+ 792&;62+ *C0+12&:+ *B 2%+ e]M---G

    o H32+)362&*369 C&*A6' D D#F Z97,A+ (7;(

    2+1%3*9*A8 63, ()*,712'> +'(+1&6998 B*) 2%+ 2)63'(*)262&*3 *B C&*A6' '97))8 ?&2% $Zd { Rd> DUF

    Y&*A6' 1*TA+3+)62&*3 73&2' D-=IF ?&2% ;*)+ 2%63 R>PPP %*7)' (+) 8+6) *(+)62&*369 2&;+> DQF

    Y&*A6' (7)&B&162&*3 2+1%3*9*A8 63, )+9+:632 +K7&(;+32> DNF Y&*A6' (9632 ,&A+'262+ (*'2T

    2)+62;+32 63, +K7&(;+32> DOF Y&*A6' +3A&3++)&3A 63, (9632 ()*1+'' *(2&;&L62&*3> +'(+1&6998

    B*) 1*9,+) )+A&*3'> DXF E(2&;&L62&*3 *B ?6'2+ %+62 72&9&L62&*3> DRF H;(612 63698'&' *B ;&5&3A

    '8'2+;' *3 636+)*C&1 2)+62;+32 63, )+9+:632 2+1%3*9*A8> DcF I+6@ 9*6, (6)6;+2+)' B*)

    28(&169 1)*(' 2* 1*3'7;+ C&*A6' '97))8 63, ,)+A' 6' B+)2&9&L+)'G DZ*7)1+J -./ I+)'(+12&:+' &3

    -%&36> E((*)273&2&+' B*) $%+ -%&3+'+ Y&*;6''

    Z+12*)> /68 #PPc>

    ^ '8'2+;62&1 C&*A6' 72&9&L62&*3>

    Z6B+28 63, +3:&)*3;+3269 ()*2+12&*3 ;+6'7)+ D'71% 6' B96)&3AF>

    .+'&A3+) 63, '7((9&+) 9&6C&9&28 2* '263, B*) (+)B*);631+ A76)632&+'> ^?6)+3+'' &3 )+A6), 2* C&*A6' (9632 *(+)62&*3 B*) (*?+) ()*,712&*3 63,

    /*2&:62&*3' 2* ,+:+9*( :&6C9+ 63, )+9&6C9+ C7'&3+'' 1*31+(2' 6' 2%+ 17))+32 *(+)62&*3

    &31+32&:+' D)+:+37+' B)*; +3+)A8> %+62> B+)2&9&L+)> A62+ B++'> +21GF 6)+ 9*?G

    o $* *:+)1*;+ 2%+ ;+32&*3+, 1%699+3A+'> 2%+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    24/40

    #Q

    2+1%3&169 '263,6), 63, 2%+ *(+)62&*369 (+)B*);631+ *B -%&3+'+ /VY

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    25/40

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    26/40

    #O

    /+*+#%/ B,04F \5+172&:+ .&)+12*)

    I'#$F !cRR 9#F !ccU

    6$.0#($.0,/F

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J C9,1'9'3&%&*"3 "H &)' k .I[z

    -9&+32J YE[.^>

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    27/40

    #X

    -9&+32J zBS> '*1&69 63, +1*9*A&169 (+)B*);631+ 63, &;(612'

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J :&1+T2+6; 9+6,+)

    ^12&:&2&+' (+)B*);+,J "3D+*&' *37'+&*0%&*"3( ,-","+%1 H"- ",&*9*V%&*"3 "H T"G+')"1$ 2*"0%+ +F+&'9+

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12> 6I A)*3% D C?EO O'+*03 \*++*"3 H"- &)' D PG%305* dG"DW"G I*7'- :%&'-+)'$ IG-%1

    O'7'1",9'3& 6-".'/& JPIO6; *3 PG%305* d)G%30 EG&"3"9"G+ I'0*"3

    b+6) #P!P

    V*162&*3J -%&36

    -9&+32J HM^.

    /6&3 I)*0+12 B+627)+'J .+'&A3&3A 6 )7)69 ,+:+9*(;+32 ()*0+12 73,+) 1*3'&,+)62&*3 *B )&:+) C6'&3 ?62+)

    '%+, +3:&)*3;+32 63, ;636A+;+32

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J )7)69 +3:&)*3;+32 ,+:+9*(;+32 +5(+)2

    ^12&:&2&+' (+)B*);+,J "3D+*&' *37'+&*0%&*"3( +9%11 +/%1' 2*"0%+ $'+*03( :%+&':%&'- %3$ 0%-2%0'

    $*+,"+%1 $'+*03( :"-@*30 ,%,'-

    YJ /+*+#% +% L%;,/*+3(*+#% 9,($F L%*,'%(*+#%(0 D+#3(/ 6>.,'*

    ]6;+ *B \5(+)2J=+&3LTI+2+) /63A

    .62+ *B Y&)2%J !R E12*C+) !cNX

    ]62&*369&28J

    -%+3A,7 Y&*A6' [+'+6)1% 63, $)6&3&3A

    -+32)+g-%&36

    !cXNT!cRPJ .&(9GTH3AG D/\3AGF &3 \3+)A8 \3A&3++)&3A 63, $%+);69 -*3:+)'&*3 $+1%3*9*A8>

    e3&:+)'&28 *B ^((9&+, Z1&+31+ '&31+ #PP#F

    \e[EZEV^[ T \7)*(+63 ''*1&62&*3 B*) [+3+?6C9+ \3+)A8 D'&31+ !ccUF

    MkY +GkG p

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    28/40

    #R

    k.H T '&31+ !cXRF

    .S^gHS^ T '&31+ !cXRF

    H*B,' 9'(+%+%3

    !ccPT!cc#J

    C&*A6' (9632 *(+)62*) 2)6&3&3A

    Z&31+ #PPUJ I6)2&1&(632 63, 9+127)+) &3 2%+ 633769 +1*9*A&169 '63&262&*3 '7;;+) 616,+;8a 62

    2%+ e3&:+)'&28 *B V&B+ Z1&+31+> ]*)?68 D???G+1*'63G3*F

    "#:%*'+,/ #1 S#'b 6>.,'+,%), @#:*/+4, 6:'#.,AF ^BA%63&'263> ^9A+)&6> ^L+)C6&063> Y63A96,+'%> Y*9&:&6>

    Y*2'?636> Y)6L&9> Y7)@&36 M6'*> Y7)73,&> -%&9+> -*9*;C&6> -7C6> .I[ z*)+6> .[ -*3A*> \9 Z69:6,*)> =6&2&>

    H3,&6> H3,*3+'&6> 46;6&16> z+386> V+'*2%*> /696?&> /6968'&6> /69&> /+5&1*> /*3A*9&6> /*)*11*> ]6;&C&6>

    ]+(69> I6@&'263> I+)7> I%&9&((&3+'> I[ -%&36> [7''&6> [?63,6> Z&3A6(*)+> Z*72% ^B)&16> Z*72% z*)+6> Z)&

    V63@6> $63L63&6> $%6&963,> $&;*) \6'2> $73&'&6> $7)@+8> eA63,6> k+3+L7+96> k&+236;> h6;C&6

    M(%3:(3,/

    8.,(b+%3 G,(4+%3 S'+*+%3

    C+B*)+ 69)+6,8 eZ$YT

    A7+'2 ()*B+''*) '&31+ #PPN

    M)*;J #PPN 9#F #PPX D(6)2 2&;+F

    \;(9*8+)J Y+&0&3A =*3A8763 \3+)A8 63, \3:&)*3;+3269 I)*2+12&*3 -*G V2,G> I[ -%&36

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J -./T/636A+)

    M)*;J #PPQ 9#F #PPX D(6)2 2&;+ B)*; #PPNF

    \;(9*8+)J -%&3+'+ 16,+;8 *B ^A)&17927)69 \3A&3++)&3A D-^^\F> I[ -%&36

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J Z+3&*) Y&*+3+)A8 \3A&3++) 63, :&'&2&3A I)*B+''*)

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    29/40

    #c

    M)*;J #PP! 9#F #PPQ D(6)2 2&;+F

    \;(9*8+)J HYYz T H32+)362&*369 Y&*A6' 63, Y&*T+3+)A8 -*;(+2+31+ -+32)+> Y&*A6' ,+'&A3 +3A&3++)

    M)*;J #PP! 9#F #PPQ D(6)2 2&;+F

    \;(9*8+)J H2698 s $YS Y*9&:&6

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J /636A+) B*) +3:&)*3;+3269 B)&+3,98 6A)*T&3,7'2)&69 ()*,712&*3

    M)*;J !ccU 9#F !ccX

    \;(9*8+)J M73,61&*3 H32+A)69 ,+ .+'6))*99* DMH.\ZF> Y*9&:&6

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J I)*0+12 /636A+) B*) [7)69 .+:+9*(;+32 I)*A)6;'

    M)*;J !cR# 9#F !ccU

    \;(9*8+)J I)*A)6; -**),&362*) B*)

    Y&*A6' .&''+;&362&*3 &3 UP 1*732)&+'

    M)*;J !cRP 9#F !cR#

    \;(9*8+)J [\k^$ T [+A+3+)62&:+ k+)B6%)+3'2+1%3&'1%+ ^396A+3 -*;(638> ($.0,/F

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J [+'+6)1% 63, 1*3'792&3A ()*0+12 2+6; 9+6,+) *3 '7'26&36C9+ '63&262&*3 63,

    C&*+3+)A8 2*(&1'

    b+6) 46376)8 #PPR p 473+ #P!!

    V*162&*3J Y+&0&3A> -%&36

    \;(9*8+)J e3&:+)'&28 *B Z1&+31+ 63, $+1%3*9*A8 Y+&0&3A DeZ$YF

    /6&3 I)*0+12

    M+627)+'J

    $%+ )+'+6)1% 63, 1*3'792&3A ()*0+12' *B -Z\ZTeZ$Y 6)+ 699 ,+'&A3+, 2* 6((98

    +1*9*A&169 ()&31&(9+' 2* 2)+62 63, )+1819+ 7)C63 ?6'2+ ?62+) 63, )7)69

    6A)&17927)69 ?6'2+ 2* )+T+'26C9&'% 6 '7'26&36C9+ 372)&+32> +3+)A8 63, ?62+) B9*?

    9**(G

    I*'&2&*3 =+9,J /636A+) *B 2%+ -+32)+ B*) Z7'26&36C9+ \3:&)*3;+3269 Z63&262&*3 D-Z\ZF> eZ$YT

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    30/40

    UP

    A7+'2 ()*B+''*) '&31+ #PPN> '7((*)2+, C8 -H/ D-+32)+ *B H32+)362&*369 /&A)62&*3

    63, .+:+9*(;+32 ???G1&;*39&3+G,+ F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    I+)B*);+,J

    [+'(*3'&C9+ ()*0+12 ;636A+) B*) 2%+ 2)6&3&3A *3 0*C *B -%&3+'+ 63, &32+)362&*369

    8*73A ()*B+''&*369' &3 2%+ 2*(&1' D7)C63F '7'26&36C9+ '63&262&*3 63, D7)C63F

    ,+1+32)69&L+, ?6'2+?62+) ;636A+;+32> C&*A6'> C&*+3+)A8> ?*)@&3A 6' C&*;6''

    B++,'2*1@ 6''+'';+32 &3 &32+)362&*369 ,+:+9*(;+32 1**(+)62&*3 ()*0+12' ?&2%&3-%&36> C&*A6' (9632 ,+'&A3 63, ()*1+'' +3A&3++)&3A B*) -%&3+'+ 63, 9+6,&3A 2%+ 362&*369 C&*A6' 67,&2 ]+(69 #PPR 63, Y63A96,+'%

    #P!! *3 C+%69B *B zBS> ^.YT1*3'792632 &3 #PPR 63, #PPc B*) ^.Y $^ ]*G XPPO p

    I[-J .+:+9*(;+32 *B Y&*;6'' I*?+) 2+1%3&169 '63&262&*3 6,:&'+) B*) 2%+ -%&36

    ]*,+ B*) Z7'26&36C9+ Z63&262&*3 D-]ZZF DZ\HF> 2%)*7A% '63&262&*3 1*3'792632 &3 #PPc B*) 2%+ \1*1&28 ,+:+9*(;+32 ()*A)6; T

    \1*T1*))&,*) V&0&63A *3 C+%69B *B #P!P 63, #P!!J '63&262&*3 +3A&3++) B*)

    e9663C6626) 63, ()*:&,+ )+962+, C&*+3+)A8 (*9&18 )+'+6)1% '+):&1+ 2* 2%+

    /&3&'2)8 *B ^A)&17927)+G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J Z+3&*) \3A&3++) 63, :&'&2&3A I)*B+''*) 62 2%+ H3'2&272+ *B \3+)A8 63,

    \3:&)*3;+3269 I)*2+12&*3 DH\\IF D(6)2 2&;+ B)*; 4798 #PPN 2* .+1+;C+) #PPXF>

    '7((*)2+, C8 -H/ D-+32)+ *B H32+)362&*369 /&A)62&*3 63, .+:+9*(;+32>

    ???G1&;*39&3+G,+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    (+)B*);+,J

    [+'(*3'&C9+ B*) &32+)362&*369 '7((*)2+, ()*0+12' &3 C&*B7+9 63, C&*A6'> 2)6&3&3A

    63, 1*3'7926318 *3 C&*;6'' +3+)A8 63, +1*9*A&169 '63&262&*3 372)&+32 9**(

    1*31+(2'> 17927)69 63, +3:&)*3;+3269 '*73, *)A63&1 ?6'2+ 63, ?6'2+ ?62+)

    ;636A+;+32 &3 )7)69> (+)&T7)C63 63, 7)C63 1*32+52'> 1**(+)62&*3 ?&2%

    &32+)362&*369 ,+:+9*(;+32 6A+31&+' 6' ()*0+12 1*T9+6,+) &3 2%+ '262+ *B 6)2'27,&+' B*) `Y&*B7+9' B*) 2)63'(*)262&*3a p -%&36 1%6(2+)> 6' ?+99 6' B*) 2%+ Z&3*T

    A7&,&3A Y&*;6'' B++,'2*1@ 6''+'';+32 B*)

    o&3A%6& ()*:&31+ *3 C+%69B *B &32+)362&*369 2)6&3+) *3 C&*;6'' +3+)A8 63,

    C&*B7+9' B*) -%&3+'+ +5(+)2' B)*; o&3A%6&>

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    31/40

    U!

    '63&262&*3 2)6&3&3A' &3 Y63,6 ^1+%> H3,*3+'&6 63, &3 Z)& V63@6> *3 C+%69B *B 2%+

    S*)9, $*&9+2 -*99+A+ 63, Z&3A6(*)+ [+, -)*''G H3 #PPO 63, #PPXJ Y&*A6'

    B+6'&C&9&28 '27,&+' B*) 96)A+ '169+ 6A)*T&3,7'2)&69 C&*A6' (9632' &3 k&+236; *3

    C+%69B *B 6 Z?&2L+)963, C&*A6' 1*;(638 D=7+A9& $+1% 1+;+32> ;+269 16'2&3A 63, 1*@&3A '+12*)'G $%+ ()*0+12 )+;*:+, @+8

    ;6)@+2> (*9&18> 2+1%3*9*A&169> 63, B&3631&69 C6))&+)' 2* 2%+ ()*,712&*3> ;6)@+2&3A

    63, 72&9&L62&*3 *B +3+)A8 +BB&1&+32 2+1%3*9*A&+' 63, ()*,712' &3 2%+'+ &3,7'2)&+'G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J -./T/636A+) 2* 1*;;+)1&69&L+ 2%+ B&3631&3A *B $k\ +3+)A8 1*3'+):62&*3()*0+12' D(6)2 2&;+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    I+)B*);+,J

    $)6&3&3A *B 8*73A ()*B+''&*369'> ;636A+;+32 *B -9+63 .+:+9*(;+32 /+1%63&';

    D-./F ()*(*'69' &3 2%+ C&*A6'> C&*;6'' +3+)A8 63, &3,7'2)&69 +3+)A8 +BB&1&+318

    '+12*)

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J [6,&*612&:+ 2)61+) &3:+'2&A62&*3' *B 636+)*C&1 ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632'

    b+6) ]*:+;C+) #PPQ 2* ^()&9 #PPN

    V*162&*3J -7C6

    -9&+32J H^\^ T H32+)362&*369 ^2*;&1 \3+)A8 ^A+318

    /6&3 I)*0+12B+627)+'J

    $%+ *:+)699 *C0+12&:+ *B 2%+ ()*0+12 ?6' 2* ,+:+9*( 63, :69&,62+ 63 &32+A)62+,;+2%*,*9*A8 B*) )6,&*2)61+) 63, B97&, ,836;&1' ;*,+9&3A &3 &3:+'2&A62&*3 *B

    +3A&3++)&3A ()*1+''+' '+9+12+, B)*; +3+)A8 ()*,712&*3> 63, ?6'2+?62+)

    2)+62;+32 '+12*)'G $%+ ;6&3 '1*(+ ?6' 2* +96C*)62+ 6 1*;C&3+, +5(+)&;+3269T

    1*;(7262&*369 ;+2%*, B*) *C26&3&3A )+9&6C9+ K7632&262&:+ )+'792' 6C*72 ()*1+''

    &3'&A%2 &3 &3,7'2)&69 :+''+9' 63, ()*1+'' 73&2' 2* &;()*:+ 63, *(2&;&L+ 2%+&)

    ,+'&A3 63, +BB&1&+318G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J -*3'792632 B*) B&369 +:69762&*3 D(6)2 2&;+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    (+)B*);+,J

    Z7(+):&'&*3 *B )6,&*2)61+) )+'+6)1% 63, 6((9&162&*3 ()*A)6;' B*) 6A)*T&3,7'2)&69

    636+)*C&1 ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632 +BB&1&+318 ;*3&2*)&3A

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J H32+)362&*369 Y&*A6' @3*?9+,A+ +51%63A+ ?&2% .+:+9*(&3A -*732)&+'

    b+6) ^()&9 #PP! p ]*:+;C+) #PPQ

    V*162&*3J

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    32/40

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    33/40

    UU

    ^A)*(+176)&*'a

    b+6) 4798 !ccR p Z+(2+;C+) !ccc

    V*162&*3J Y*9&:&6

    \;(9*8+)J YEVH]k\Z$ M*73,62&*3

    /6&3 I)*0+12

    B+627)+'J

    YEVH]k\Z$ &' 6 ()&:62+ B*73,62&*3 B73,+, C8 eZ^H. ?&2% 2%+ ;&''&*3 2* 622)612

    B*)+&A3 &3:+'2;+32> ()*;*2+ Y*9&:&63 +5(*)2' 63, 6''&'2 &3 2%+ +1*3*;&1

    ,+:+9*(;+32 *B Y*9&:&6G I[E^$\- ?6' 1)+62+, !cc! 2* 6''&'2 ';699 )7)69>

    )+'*7)1+TC6'+, 6''*1&62&*3' 63, 1**(+)62&:+'G $%&' &3&2&62&:+ B*17'+, *3

    '2)+3A2%+3&3A )7)69 ()*,71+) 6''*1&62&*3' 63, 9&3@&3A 2%+;> &3 '*;+ 16'+'> 2*

    96)A+) +5(*)2 *)&+32+, 1*;(63&+'G $%+ ()*0+12 &;()*:+, 2%+ ()*,712&:&28 *B

    (&3+6((9+'> '2)6?C+))&+' 63, ;63A*+' &3 2%+ Z6326 -)7L 6)+6 &3 Y*9&:&6G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J ^,:&'+) B*) ^A)*TI)*1+''&3A 63, \1*T/6)@+2&3A> '7((*)2+, C8 -H/ D-+32)+ *B

    H32+)362&*369 /&A)62&*3 63, .+:+9*(;+32> ???G1&;*39&3+G,+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    (+)B*);+,J

    /6)@+2&3A ^,:&'+) &3 2%+ +'26C9&'%;+32 *B +5(*)2 *)&+32+, *)A63&1 B**, ()*,712

    9&3+'W -*3'792632 &3 2%+ '2*)&3A> (61@&3A 63, 2)6,+ *B B)+'% 2)*(&169 B)7&2'W[+()+'+3262&*3 &3 &32+)362&*369 B6&)' &3 63, '63&26)8 1*32)*9 *B B)7&2 ()*1+''&3A

    (9632'W H32+)362&*369 /6)@+2 ^''+'';+32' B*) Y*9&:&63 I)*,712'> V+127)+) *3

    H3,7'2)&69> e)C63 63, [7)69 \3:&)*3;+3269 H;(612 ^''+'';+32 62 2%+ Z262+

    e3&:+)'&28 `e3&:+)'&,6, ^723*;6 H32+A)62+, -*3'7926318 ?*)@ B*) 2)6&3&3A *B ,+1+32)69&L+, ?6'2+?62+)

    2)+62;+32 (9632 ;6&32+3631+ 63, C&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 &3 46;6&16 B*) 2%+ Z1&+32&B&1

    [+'+6)1% -*731&9 DZ[-F> 63, B*) H3,7'2)&69 \3:&)*3;+3269 H;(612 ''+'';+32 63,

    Y&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 6((9&162&*3 &3 Y*9&:&6

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J I)*A)6;6 ,+ H;(9+;+3261&*3 ,+ Z&'2+;6' A)*+1*9*A&1*' DIHZ^F

    b+6) 473+ !ccU p 473+ !ccX

    V*162&*3J Y+)9&3 63, Z63 479&}3 &3 Y*9&:&6

    \;(9*8+)J MH.\Z T H32+A)69 M*73,62&*3 B*) .+:+9*(;+32

    /6&3 I)*0+12

    M+627)+'J

    $%+ ()*0+12 '2)62+A8 ?6' C6'+, *3 B6);+)TC+3+B&1&6)&+' 2* ,+:+9*( 63,

    &;(9+;+32 2+1%3*9*A&169 (61@6A+' A+3+)62+, C8 6A)*B*)+'2)8 63, 2+1%3&169

    )+'+6)1% ()*0+12' 2* ()*;*2+ 1)*( ,&:+)'&B&162&*3 &3 2%+ ;+,&7; 2+);G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J Y&*A6' ^,:&'+) 63, I)*0+12 M&+9, H;(9+;+3262&*3 /636A+)> '7((*)2+, C8 -H/

    D-+32)+ *B H32+)362&*369 /&A)62&*3 63, .+:+9*(;+32> ???G1&;*39&3+G,+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    I+)B*);+,J

    ^,:&'+) B*) [7)69 [+3+?6C9+ \3+)A8 63, Z7'26&36C9+ Z63&262&*3> $)6&3&3A *B

    C&*A6' (9632 1*32)612*)' 63, *(+)62*)'> C&*A6' &;(9+;+3262&*3 &3 ';699 '169+&32+A)62+, B6);&3A '8'2+;'> ^,:&'+) B*) 2%+ \:69762&*3 *B [7)69 S62+) Z7((98 I)*A)6;'> I9633&3A 63,

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    34/40

    UQ

    \:69762&*3 *B e)C63 63, [7)69 .+:+9*(;+32 I)*0+12' 63, ;*,+)62&*3 *B

    ?*)@'%*(' &3 Y*9&:&6> I+)7> -*9*;C&6 63, Y)6L&9> 1**(+)62&*3 ?&2% M^E -7C6

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J .+:+9*(;+32 *B ;+,&7; 63, 96)A+ '169+ 6A)&17927)69 C&*A6' (9632 @3*?9+,A+

    b+6) M+C)76)8 !ccU p .+1+;C+) !ccX

    V*162&*3J -7C6

    \;(9*8+)J M^E T M**, 63, ^A)&17927)+ E)A63&L62&*3> I6)23+)J -7C63 H3'2&272+ B*) Z?&3+

    I)*,712&*3

    /6&3 I)*0+12

    M+627)+'J

    H32+A)62+, (&A ()*,712&*3 ?6' 1%*'+3 6' +56;(9+ *B %*? C&*A6' 163 C+

    &32+A)62+, &3 2%+ &32+3'&:+ ()*,712&*3 1819+G $%+ ()*1+'' C+A&3' ?&2% 2%+

    1*99+12&*3 *B B**, '1)6(' B)*; ?*)@(961+ 16B+2+)&6'> )+'267)632' 63, '1%**9'G

    $%+'+ '1)6(' 6)+ B+, 2* 2%+ (&A' 6' 6 B++, '7((9+;+32G M6);+)' ;68 69'* ;&5 &3

    ?6'2+ B)*; '967A%2+)%*7'+'> ?%&1% &' 6 A**, ()*2+&3 '*7)1+G ]+52> 2%+ 9&K7&, 63,

    '*9&, ?6'2+ B)*; 2%+ (&A' &' )+1819+, 2* C+ 7'+, &3 :+);&17927)+> &3 C&*A6'

    A+3+)62&*3> 63, +:+3 6' 6 B++, '7((9+;+32 B*) 2%+ '6;+ (&2'G $%+ '262+, A*69 &'

    2* )+61% L+)* 3*3T)+1819+, ?6'2+G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J Z+3&*) Y&*A6' \3A&3++) D(6)2 2&;+F

    ^12&:&2&+'

    (+)B*);+,J

    Y&*A6' \3A&3++) 62 2%+ -7C63 ]62&*369 I&A I)*,712&*3 [+'+6)1% H3'2&272+J ^,:&1+

    63, 2)6&3&3A *B -7C63 \3A&3++)' &3 ,&''+;&362&*3 *B C&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 63,

    6A)&17927)69 ?6'2+?62+) )+1819&3A 2+1%3*9*A&+'G $)6&3&3A *B C&*A6' (9632

    1*32)612*)' 63, *(+)62*)'> 63, *)A63&L&3A C&*A6' &;(9+;+3262&*3 &3 ';699

    &32+A)62+, B6);&3A '8'2+;' 63, &32+3'&:+ 9&:+'2*1@ B6);'> *)A63&L&3A C&*A6'

    '27,8 2*7)' &3 .+3;6)@ 63, $%6&963,G

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J Z7()6T)+A&*369 Y&*A6' \52+3'&*3 I)*A)6;;+

    b+6) .+1+;C+) !cRc p M+C)76)8 !ccU

    V*162&*3J &2 ?6' B*73, 2%62 &;(9+;+32&3A C&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 &'

    6 1*;(9+5 ()*1+''> 63, 2%62 &2 &' &;(*)2632 2* 26@+ 699 2%+ B612*)' &3:*9:+, &32*

    611*732 &3 6 ;633+) 6(()*()&62+ 2* 2%+ '&2762&*3G [+69&L&3A 2%62 2%+ ()*C9+; *B

    ,&''+;&362&3A C&*A6' 2+1%3*9*A8 1699+, B*) 63 H32+A)62+, 6(()*61%> 2%+ M+,+)69

    /&3&'2)8 B*) \1*3*;&1 -**(+)62&*3 DY/hF 1*;;&''&*3+, &3 !cRP 6A)*T&3,7'2)8 63, %*7'+%*9,' &3 UP

    ,+:+9*(&3A> *)A63&L&3A H32+)362&*369 Z27,8 $*7) *3 )+3+?6C9+ +3+)A&+' 63,

    +1*9*A8 &3 -7C6 *3> 1*T*)A63&L&3A 6 Y&*A6' S*)9,T-*3B+)+31+ *3

    H;(9+;+3262&*3 Z2)62+A&+' !cc! &3 I73+> H3,&6> -*3'7926318 *3 e)C63 63, [7)69

    .+:+9*(;+32 I)*0+12 I9633&3A> Y&*+3+)A8 .+:+9*(;+32> I)*0+12 /*3&2*)&3A 63,

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    35/40

    UN

    M&369 \:69762&*3' &3 $73&'&6> /69&> /*)*11*> $63L63&6> Y7)73,&> -*97;C&6> Y*9&:&6>

    Y)6L&9> =6&2&> 46;6&16> $%6&963,> I+*(9+_' [+(7C9&1 *B -%&36 63, H3,&6G

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J I)*0+12 Y&*A6L -63@7L*

    b+6) /6)1% !cRQ p .+1+;C+) !cRc

    V*162&*3J Y7)73,&

    \;(9*8+)J I6)23+)J /&3&'2)8 B*) \3+)A8 63, /&3&3Ag . 2%+ +'26C9&'%;+32 *B 6 '+):&1+

    '8'2+; 63, 2%+ *(+3&3A *B ;62+)&69 1)+,&2 B73,' ?+)+ 2* ()*:&,+ 2%+ C6'&' B*) 6

    '+9BT)+9&632 ,&''+;&362&*3 1*31+(2G Y8 !cc#> #PO ';699T'169+ (9632'> 63, RQ

    ;+,&7; '169+ &3'2&272&*369 (9632' B*) C*6),&3A '1%**9'> '967A%2+) %*7'+' 63,

    1*;;+)1&69 B6);' ?&2% ,&A+'2+) :*97;+' *B *:+) !PP ;U 2* #NP ;U %6, C++3

    1*3'2)712+,G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J I)*0+12 V+6,+)

    ^12&:&2&+'

    (+)B*);+,J

    \3A&3++)&3A ,+'&A3 63, 1*3'2)712&*3 '7(+):&'&*3 *B '63&26)8 B61&9&2&+' 63,

    ,+1+32)69&L+, ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632' DNPT#>PPP =6C&2632'F B*) 6 362&*3T

    ?&,+ S*)9, Y63@ H;(9+;+3262&*3 I)*0+12G H;(9+;+3262&*3 *B )+3+?6C9+ +3+)A8

    '8'2+;' ?&2% +;(%6'&' *3 '*96) +3+)A8 DIk 63, =+62&3AF 63, 636+)*C&1 ?6'2+

    2)+62;+32 2+1%3*9*A8 &3 6A)&17927)+ 63, 6A)*T&3,7'2)8G \5(+)&+31+ ?&2%

    6A)&17927)69 C&*;6'' 1*3:+)'&*3 ()*1+''+'> &3 (6)2&1796) ,&)+12 1*;C7'2&*3

    2+1%3*9*A&+'> 63, 1*TB&)+, A+3+)62&*3G $)6&3&3A *B C&*A6' (9632 1*32)612*)' 63,

    *(+)62*)'> 63, *)A63&L&3A C&*A6' &;(9+;+3262&*3 &3 &32+A)62+, B6);&3A '8'2+;'>-*3'7926318 *3 Y&*;6'' \3+)A8> 63, I)*0+12 /*3&2*)&3A 63, \:69762&*3 &3

    $63L63&6> [?63,6> z+386> /696?&> h6&)+ 63, I+*(9+_' [+(7C9&1 *B -%&36

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J Z(+1&69 \3+)A8 I)*A)6;;+

    b+6) ]*:+;C+) !cR# p M+C)76)8 !cRQ

    V*162&*3J Y7)@&36 M6'*

    \;(9*8+)J I6)23+)J HY\ p H3'2&272+ *B [+3+?6C9+ \3+)A&+' *B 2%+ ]62&*369 Z1&+32&B&1

    [+'+6)1% H3'2&272+

    I)*0+12 M+627)+'J S&2%&3 2%+ B)6;+?*)@ *B 2%+ H[Z^$ DB*);+)

    HY\F &3'2699+, C&*A6' 73&2' &3 '+:+)69 9*162&*3'G H2 ?6' 1*3B&);+, 2%62 Y7)@&36M6'* &' 6 C&*A6' 6(()*()&62+ 1*732)8 C+167'+ &2' (*2+32&69 '++;' 2* ;621% ?+99

    ?&2% 2%+ )+K7&)+;+32'G $%+ ;6&3 )+'792' *B 2%&' ()*A)6; ?+)+ &;()*:+;+32 *B

    2+1%3*9*A8> 63, ,&:+)'&B&162&*3 *B 1*3'2)712&*3 ;62+)&69'G

    I*'&2&*3 %+9,J Y&*A6' .+'&A3 \3A&3++)

    ^12&:&2&+' H;(9+;+3262&*3 *B )+3+?6C9+ +3+)A8 '8'2+;' &3 )7)69 6)+6' ?&2% +;(%6'&' &3

    ?6'2+ 2)+62;+32 2+1%3*9*A8 &3 6A)&17927)69 B6);&3A '8'2+;' 63, &3 )7)69

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    36/40

    UO

    I+)B*);+,J 1*;;73&2&+'> $)6&3&3A *B C&*A6' (9632 1*32)612*)' 63, *(+)62*)'> 63, *)A63&L&3A

    C&*A6' &;(9+;+3262&*3 &3 ';699 '169+ &32+A)62+, B6);&3A '8'2+;'G \5(+)&+31+

    ?&2% 6A)&17927)69 C&*;6'' 1*3:+)'&*3 ()*1+''+'> &3 (6)2&1796) ,&)+12 1*;C7'2&*3

    2+1%3*9*A&+'> C&*;6'' +3+)A8 %+62+, ,)8+) 63, +BB&1&+32 '2*:+'G

    ]6;+ *B I)*0+12J H32+)362&*369 Y&*A6' $)6&3&3A -*7)'+'

    b+6) ^()&9 !cR# 2* E12*C+) !cR#

    V*162&*3J -%&36

    -9&+32J Y&*A6' [+'+6)1% 63, $)6&3&3A -+32)+ DY[$-F> e].I> e]T\Z-^I

    /6&3 I)*0+12

    M+627)+'J

    [+69&L&3A &32+)362&*369 2)6&3&3A 1*7)'+' 2* +51%63A+ 2+1%3*9*A8 6'(+12' C+2?++3

    ,+:+9*(&3A 1*732)&+'> -%&36 63, '7((*)2&3A 2+1%3&169

    K769&B&162&*3' &3 2%+ (9633&3A 63, 1*3'2)712&*3 *B Y&*A6' (9632'> @3*?T%*?

    +51%63A+ *3 C&*A6' '262+T*BT6)2 C+2?++3 ,+'&A3&3A )7)69 ?6'2+?62+) 2)+62;+32 (9632'> 1*3'2)712+,?+2963,'> 63, 1&:&9 +3A&3++)&3A B*) C&*;6'' +3+)A8 ()*0+12'

    \J /+*+#% +% L%;,/*+3(*+#% 9,($F G,/,(')B -//+/*(%*/

    \JT G,/,(')B -//+/*(%* T

    P'J 8B+b:% "B,%3> /6'2+) *B \3:&)*3;+3269 \3A&3++)&3A> I%G. -63,&,62+ &3 2%+ B&+9, *B C&*A6' 62 2%+

    e3&:+)'&28 *B Z1&+31+ 63, $+1%3*9*A8 Y+&0&3A> -%&36

    o PNg#P!! =6:&3A '711+''B7998 (6)2&1&(62+, &3

    /&3&'2)8 *B ^A)&17927)+F $)6&3&3A *3 `H32+)362&*369 Y+'2 I)612&1+ Y&*A6' I7)&B&162&*3 $+1%3*9*A8 63,

    Y&*T/+2%63+ e'+a &3 o&3A,6*G -**(+)62&*3 I6)23+)J .V< -%&36 D.+72'1%+ V63,?&)2'1%6B2'T

    :&'&2&3A @&3,' *B 28(&169 C&*A6' (9632 &3 \7)*(+G

    o PUg#P!! I6)2&1&(62&3A `#P!! H32+)362&*369 -*3A)+'' T I)*A)+'' &3 Y&*A6' HHa &3 =*%+3%+&; e3&:+)'&28>

    Z2722A6)2> 2*(&1 &' `Y&*A6' .+:+9*(;+32 &3 -%&36J H32+)362&*369

    -**(+)62&*3 2* e(TZ169+ 2%+ $+1%3*9*A8a

    o P#g#P!! I+)B*);&3A ()+TB+6'&C&9&28 63, ,+'&A3 '27,&+' B*) O 96)A+ '169+ C&*A6' ()*0+12' *3 '7A6)163+

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    37/40

    UX

    ;*96''+'TC6'+, ?6'2+?62+) &3 I6@&'263> )+69&L+, &3 (6)23+)'%&( ?&2% ^5&' \3:&)*3;+32 Z+):&1+

    DI6@&'263F> eI/ De;?+92 I)*0+@2 /636A+;+32 ?%&1% ?6' 2* 9+6)3 '*1&69> +1*3*;&1> 2+1%3&169>

    +3:&)*3;+3269 6'(+12' B)*; QT&3T! C&*A6' '8'2+;8

    o Z&31+ PRg#PPc I6)2&1&(62&3A &3 2%+ ,+'&A3 *B ()*0+12V*3AA63 V6@+ Y&*A6' ?%&1% &' 2%+ B&)'2 C&*A6' A+3+)62&*3 ()*0+12 &3:+'2+, C8 -%&36 =76,&63 ?%&1%

    &' ?%*998 '262+T*?3+, +32+)()&'+ 6(()*:+, C8 2%+ Z262+ -*731&9o PNg#PPcTP!g#P!P I6)2&1&(62&3A &3 2%+ C&*A6' ()*0+12 C+9*3A&3A 2* -%&3+'+ ]62&*369 I)*A)6;' B*)

    Z1&+31+ 63, $+1%3*9*A8 .+:+9*(;+32H32+A)62&*3 *B Y&*A6' I)*,712&*3 63, Y&*A6' Z2*)6A+ B*)

    Y&*A6' I)*0+12G /*3&2*)&3A 2%+ ,+;*3'2)62&*3 C&*A6' ()*0+12 9*162+, &3 Z7387639:%+ ,6&)8 &3 $*3A

    .&'2)&12 *B Y+&0&3AG /+632&;+> ?*)@&3A *3 A)6,762&*3 2%+'&' &3 2%&' B&+9,G $%+ 2*(&1 *B ;6'2+) (6(+) &'

    \5(+)&;+3269 Z27,8 *3 ^36+)*C&1 .&A+'2&*3 I)*1+'' E(2&;&L62&*3 *B .6&)8 S6'2+' B*) Y&*A6'

    I)*,712&*3G

    o !#g#PPR I6)2&1&(62&3A &3 2%+ ()*0+12H3:+'2&A62&*3 *B 1*22*3 '2)6? (*2+32&69' B*) C&*;6'' (*?+)

    A+3+)62&*3 &3 f&60&3 -*7328> Z%63,*3A I)*:&31+G

    o PQg#PPRTPOg#PPR I6)2&1&(62&3A &3 2%+ ()*0+12H3:+'2&A62&*3 *B 1*)3 '2)6? B&)+, C&*;6'' (*?+)

    (9632 (*2+32&69' &3 ]*)2%T\6'2 -%&36 D^3698'&' *B '(+1&B&1 +5&'2&3A ,626 63, &32+3,+, 9*A&'2&1' B*) 2%+

    ()*(*'+, NP /S 1*)3 '2)6? B&)+, (*?+) (9632 V&'%7> 4&9&3 I)*:&31+F ?%&1% ?6' '(*3'*)+, C8 zBSY63@+3A)7((+G

    o PQg#PPRT!Pg#PPR I6)2&1&(62&3A &3 2%+ ()*0+12`-%&36TZ?+,+3 \),*' \1*T2*?3 I)*0+12a ?%&1% ?6'

    16))&+, *72 73,+) 2%+ 67'(&1+' *B 9*169 A*:+)3;+32 63, Z2*1@%*9; \3:&)*3;+32 H3'2&272+DZ\HFG

    o !!g#PPc =6:&3A '711+''B7998 (6)2&1&(62+, &3 2%+ 2)6&3&3A *3 `Y+'2 ()612&1+a /&,,9+ pV6)A+ pZ169+ p

    Y&*A6' pI9632 T$+1%3*9*A8 I9633&3A '7((*)2+, C8 ZH]ET

    &3 2%+ B&+9, *B C&*A6' 62 2%+ e3&:+)'&28 *B Z1&+31+ 63, $+1%3*9*A8 Y+&0&3A> -%&36W M632+63, Y)*3AG

    64:)(*+#%

    #P!P -+32+) B*) I)*B+''&*369 H3'2&272+ D-IHF -+)2&B&162+ &3 I)*0+12 /636A+;+32 D^BB&9&62+, 2*

    -+32)69 e3&:+)'&28 -*99+A+F T ^11)6T

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    38/40

    UR

    #PPP p #PPU ^11)6TI*982+1%3&1 Y+&0&3A>

    -%&36J 2+6; ;+;C+) 6' 8*73A ()*B+''&*369 B*) :6)&*7' (*2+32&69 ()*0+12' C*2% 9*16998 63, &32+)362&*36998G

    #PPc T#P!PI)*0+12 Z7(+):&'*)F V63,'6) .+:+9*(+)' V&;&2+, D^11)6T *)A63&L62&*369 *) (+)'*369 6''+2'G

    .)6B2&3A *B 1&:&9g C7&9,&3A ?*)@' 7'&3A ^72*-^.G

    #PPc^72*-^. *(+)62*)gZ&2+ '7(+):&'*)W .6)@626 \3A&3++)&3A Z+):&1+ D^11)6T ;*3&2*)&3A 63, )+(*)2&3A *3 699 )*6, 1*3'2)712&*3 63, ;6&32+3631+

    ?*)@' 73,+) 2%+ 2+C7C7 )*6, 6)+6 07)&',&12&*3 *B *:+) QPP@;G

    Z7(+):&'&*3 63, ,)6B2&3A *B )+(*)2' *3 699 ;*32%98 2)6BB&1 1+3'7'+' B*) 6C*72 X ,&'2)&12' ?&2%&3

    2%+ Y)*3AT^%6B* )+A&*3 *B -%&36 ^16,+;8 *B Z1&+31+> I%. \3:&)*3;+3269

    /636A+;+32

    #PP!T#PPQ> H3'2&272+ *B .+'&A3> H99&3*&' H3'2&272+ *B $+1%3*9*A8> /6'2+) I)*,712 /636A+;+32

    !ccOT#PPP> .7@+ e3&:+)'&28> Y61%+9*) /+1%63&169 \3A&3++)&3A

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    39/40

    Uc

    H*B,' 9'(+%+%3J HYYz Y&*A6' $)6&3&3A B*) V6)A+ Z169+ Y&*A6' ^((9&162&*3'

    "#:%*'+,/ #1 S#'b 6>.,'+,%),J -%&36> eZ^

    M(%3:(3,/J -%&3+'+J A**, &3 '(+6@&3A> )+6,&3A> B6&) &3 ?)&2&3AW \3A9&'%J A**, &3 '(+6@&3A> )+6,&3A 63,

    ?)&2&3A

    6$.0#($.0,/

    7($, #1 (//+3%$,%* #' .'#E,)*F "HDG- D+#4+,/,0

    b+6)J #PPQ 2* ()+'+32

    V*162&*3J f&6;+3> -%&36

    -9&+32J I)*T$+@ Df&6;+3P \9+12)*(962&3A .+:+9*(;+32 V2,

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J -\E

    ^12&:&2&+' (+)B*);+,J Y7&92 6 !P>PPP /$^ Y&*,&+'+9 (9632 B)*; '1)621%> )+'+6)1% 63, ,+'&A3 6996''*1&62+, 2+1%3*9*A&+'G .+'&A3 63, C7&92 C&*A6' B61&9&28 2* 2)+62 699 ?6'2+ ?62+) ()*,71+, C8

    Y&*,&+'+9 (9632 63, B&3, 1*;;+)1&69 6((9&162&*3 B*) ()*,71+, C&*A6'

    7($, #1 (//+3%$,%* #' .'#E,)*F -2D 9- `U_ &G"W 2,;,0#.$,%* #1 D+#$(// 5,%,'(*+#% +% G:'(0 -',(

    b+6)J #PPc

    V*162&*3J Y+&0&3A> -%&36

    -9&+32J ^.Y g V63,+99 /&99' V2,

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J 46(63

    -9&+32J H\^g\[H^

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J z+8 ]*2+ '(+6@+)

    ^12&:&2&+' (+)B*);+,J H32)*,71+, 2%+ Y&*,&+'+9 ;6)@+2 &3 -%&36 63, &32)*,71+, @+8 9+:+)' 2%62

    &3B97+31+' 2%+ ;6)@+2 &3 -%&36

    7($, #1 (//+3%$,%* #' .'#E,)*F -6&" S#'b/B#. +% -3'+):0*:', 9,)B%+)(0 "##.,'(*+#%

    b+6)J #PPc

    V*162&*3J Z+*79> z*)+6

    -9&+32J ^\I-

    I*'&2&*3' %+9,J z+8 ]*2+ Z(+6@+)

    ^12&:&2&+' (+)B*);+,J I)+'+32+, ?6'2+ 2* C&*,&+'+9 ()*0+12 &3 -%&36 63, 2%+ 6''*1&62+, B612*)' 2%62

    ,)&:+' 2%+ &3,7'2)8

    7($, #1 (//+3%$,%* #' .'#E,)*F 6C["B+%([66& -3'+):0*:', D+#$(// G,/'#:), -//,//$,%* @-DG-A

  • 8/11/2019 Common Practice Appraisal of Chinese GENSETS

    40/40

    b+6)J #PPc

    V*162&*3J -%&36

    -9&+32J Z&1%763> f&30&63A

    ()*:&31+> ;6@+ 2+1%3&169 63, +1*3*;&169 6''+'';+32 *3 2%+ (9632'G ^''+'' 9*169 C&*;6'' '&2762&*3'>

    28(+ 6:6&96C9+> 6:6&96C&9&28> +1*3*;&1> ;6)@+2 63, 2)63'(*)262&*3 &''7+'G I961+