Upload
phungxuyen
View
246
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FA-114
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes1
Deborah B. Pouder, Eric W. Curtis, and Roy P.E. Yanong2
1. This document is FA-114, one of a series of the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 2005. Reviewed February 2017. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. Deborah B. Pouder, coordinator of research programs and services; Eric W. Curtis, former biological scientist; and Roy P.E. Yanong, professor; Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.
IntroductionThis publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The publications included in this series are:
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Dinoflagellates, Coccidia, Microsporidians, & Myxozoans
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Nematodes
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes
• Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans
The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or
parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Refer-ence” sections below.
Guide Information• Target Tissue: provides the location on/in the fish where
the parasite is most commonly found.
• Characteristic: provides a brief description about the appearance of the parasite.
• Size: provides the size or size range of the parasite. (1 µm = 0.001 mm = 0.0001 cm) (µm = micron or micrometer; mm = millimeter; cm = centimeter)
• Movement: provides the type of movement, if any, of the parasite.
• Note: provides a brief comment of interest about the parasite.
AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Lester Khoo for the photograph he contributed to this publication.
2Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes
Recommended ReadingSRAC Publication No. 410 Calculating Treatments for Ponds and Tanks. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/
SRAC Publication No. 475 Proliferative Gill Disease (Hamburger Gill Disease). Southern Regional Aqua-culture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/122/
SRAC Publication No. 4701 Protozoan Parasites. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/171/
UF/IFAS Circular 91 Nematode (Roundworm) Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA091
UF/IFAS Circular 120 Fish Health Management Consid-erations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 1: Introduction and General Principles. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA099
UF/IFAS Circular 121 Fish Health Management Consid-erations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 2: Pathogens. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA100
UF/IFAS Circular 122 Fish Health Management Con-siderations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 3: General Recommendations and Problem Solving Ap-proaches. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA101
UF/IFAS Circular 716 Introduction to Freshwater Fish Parasites. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA041
UF/IFAS Circular 919 Stress--It’s Role in Fish Disease. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA005
UF/IFAS Circular 920 Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (White Spot) Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA006
UF/IFAS Circular 921 Introduction to Fish Health Manage-ment. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA004
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-13 Use of Copper in Freshwater Aquaculture and Farm Ponds. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA008
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-23 The Use of Potassium Permanga-nate in Fish Ponds. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA032
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-28 Monogenean Parasites of Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA033
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-37 Use of Potassium Permanganate to Control External Infections of Ornamental Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA027
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-55 Submission of Fish for Diagnos-tic Evaluation. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA055
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-90 Pentastomid Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA090
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-107 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Sessile Ciliates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA107
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-108 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Motile Ciliates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA108
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-109 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Flagellates. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA109
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-110 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Dinoflagellates, Coccidia, Microsporidians, and Myxozoans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA110
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-111 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Monogeneans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA111
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-112 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA112
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-113 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Nematodes. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA113
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet FA-115 Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA115
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-67 Management of Hexamita in Ornamental Cichlids. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM053
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-77 Use of Formalin to Control Fish Parasites. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM061
3Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Leeches, & Pentastomes
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-78 Bath Treatment for Sick Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM037
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-85 “Red Sore Disease” in Game Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM059
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-86 Use of Salt in Aquaculture. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM007
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-87 Sanitation Practices for Aqua-culture Facilities. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE081
UF/IFAS Fact Sheet VM-104 Cryptobia iubilans in Cichlids. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM077
ReferencesHoffman, G.L. 1999. Parasites of North American freshwa-ter fishes. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Longshaw, M. and S.W. Feist. 2001. Parasitic diseases. Pages 167-183 in W.H. Wildgoose, editor. BSAVA manual of ornamental fish, second edition. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, England.
Noga, E.J. 1996. Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment. Mosby-Yearbook, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
Stoskopf, M.K. 1993. Fish medicine. W.B. Saunders Com-pany, Philadelphia, PA.
Woo, P.T.K., editor. 1995. Fish diseases and disorders, volume 1: protozoan and metazoan infections. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Com
mon
Fre
shw
ater
Fis
h Pa
rasi
tes
Pict
oria
l Gui
de:
Aca
ntho
ceph
alan
s, C
esto
des,
Lee
ches
, & P
enta
stom
esD
ebor
ah B
. Pou
der,
Eric
W. C
urtis
, Roy
P.E
. Yan
ong
Cest
odes
(“
Tape
wor
ms”
)
Targ
et T
issu
es: A
dults
in g
astr
oint
estin
al tr
act;
larv
ae in
any
org
anA
ppea
ranc
e: L
arva
e no
t seg
men
ted
with
scol
ex, u
sual
ly e
ncys
ted;
adu
lts
segm
ente
d, fl
atte
ned
body
with
scol
ex (a
ttach
men
t org
an);
Size
: Adu
lts ap
prox
. 3 m
m u
p to
200
mm
in le
ngth
Mov
emen
t: La
rvae
may
mov
e w
ithin
cys
t; lim
ited
mov
emen
t in
adul
tsN
ote:
Fish
can
be
final
hos
t (w
ith a
dult
tape
wor
m) o
r int
erm
edia
te h
ost (
with
ju
veni
le p
lero
cerc
oid
larv
ae)
Aca
ntho
ceph
alan
s (“
Thor
ny-H
eade
d W
orm
s”)
Targ
et T
issu
es: A
dults
in g
astr
oint
estin
al tr
act;
larv
ae in
mes
ente
ry, l
iver
App
eara
nce:
“Thor
ny h
ead”
; num
erou
s chi
tinou
s hoo
ks o
n pr
obos
cis
Size
: App
rox.
2–7
00 m
m in
leng
th (a
vera
ge 1
0 m
m in
leng
th)
Mov
emen
t: Li
mite
d m
ovem
ent;
can
inve
rt o
r ext
end
prob
osci
sN
ote:
Com
plex
life
cyc
le re
quire
s inv
erte
brat
e ho
st; p
robo
scis
imbe
ds in
to
fish’s
inte
stin
e, w
hich
may
cau
se se
vere
dam
age
to in
test
inal
lini
ng
Leec
hes
Targ
et T
issu
es: S
kin,
gill
s, or
al c
avity
App
eara
nce:
Bod
y se
gmen
ted;
ant
erio
r and
pos
terio
r suc
kers
Size
: Up
to 5
cm in
leng
th; c
an b
e se
e w
ith u
naid
ed e
yeM
ovem
ent:
Free
-mov
ing;
wor
m-li
ke m
ovem
ent;
fixed
whe
n fe
edin
gN
ote:
Par
asiti
c on
host’
s blo
od—
can
caus
e an
emia
and
may
act
as d
iseas
e ve
ctor
bec
ause
they
suck
bod
y flu
id; d
irect
life
cyc
le
Pent
asto
mes
Targ
et T
issu
es: M
uscl
e, bo
dy c
avity
; int
erna
l org
ans
App
eara
nce:
Coi
led,
stou
t, se
gmen
ted
wor
ms
Size
: App
rox.
3–1
0 m
m in
tota
l len
gth
Mov
emen
t: N
ot fr
ee-m
ovin
g; m
ay se
e in
tern
al o
rgan
s of p
aras
ite “p
ulse
”N
ote:
Indi
rect
life
cyc
le w
hich
incl
udes
aqu
atic
rept
iles (
turt
les,
snak
es,
allig
ator
s) a
s fina
l hos
t
FA11
4
The
Inst
itute
of F
ood
and
Agric
ultu
ral S
cien
ces
(IFA
S) is
an
Equa
l Opp
ortu
nity
Inst
itutio
n au
thor
ized
to p
rovi
de re
sear
ch, e
duca
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n an
d ot
her s
ervi
ces
only
to in
divi
dual
s an
d in
stitu
tions
that
func
tion
with
non
-dis
crim
inat
ion
with
re
spec
t to
race
, cre
ed, c
olor
, rel
igio
n, a
ge, d
isab
ility
, sex
, sex
ual o
rient
atio
n, m
arita
l sta
tus,
natio
nal o
rigin
, pol
itica
l opi
nion
s or
affi
liatio
ns. F
or m
ore
info
rmat
ion
on o
btai
ning
oth
er U
F/IF
AS
Exte
nsio
n pu
blic
atio
ns, c
onta
ct y
our c
ount
y’s
UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion
office
.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion
Serv
ice,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Flo
rida,
IFA
S, F
lorid
a A
& M
Uni
vers
ity C
oope
rativ
e Ex
tens
ion
Prog
ram
, and
Boa
rds
of C
ount
y Co
mm
issi
oner
s Co
oper
atin
g. N
ick
T. P
lace
, dea
n fo
r UF/
IFA
S Ex
tens
ion.