Comm Seeds System

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FIELDIndonesiaFARMERS INITIATIVES FOR ECOLOGICAL LIVELIHOODS AND DEMOCRACY

Farmers' Rice Breeding and

Community Seed SystemAn approach to develop a community seed registryby the Karya Peduli Tani Farmers' Group


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FIELDIndonesiaFARMERS INITIATIVES FOR ECOLOGICAL LIVELIHOODS AND DEMOCRACY

Farmers' Rice Breeding and

Community Seed SystemAn approach to develop a community seed registryby the Karya Peduli Tani Farmers' Group


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Acknowledgments

We are deeply grateful for the farmer trainers, farmer breeders and farmer

communities of the Farmer Field School on Participatory Plant Breeding in

rice and vegetables and FFS on Goat Improvement. Without their

determination and commitment these series of publications would not be a

reality.

Acknowledgment is also due to the support extended by the Local

Government of Indramayu, West Java. Highly recognizable too is the

appreciation and support of the Indonesian IPM Farmer Associations, village

level governments and communities of Indramayu to the implementation of

PEDIGREA.

We are also grateful to FIELD's Advisory Board for their support and

guidance in the implementation of the program.

Our heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Ines Vivian Domingo for her perseverance in

editing these papers despite the short notice and making this readable to a

broader audience.

We also express our appreciation to the support and encouragement givenby PEDIGREA (Participatory Enhancement of Diversity of Genetic Resources

in Asia) Coordinators, Ms. Elenita C. Dano and Ms. Arma R. Bertuso, also to

the project partners, SRER Khmer in Cambodia, PPRDI in Philippines and

Center of Genetic Resources of the Netherlands.

We gratefully acknowledge Biodiversity Fund of the Netherlands (HIVOS and

OXFAM-NOVIB), Center of Genetic Resources of the Netherlands, and Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for without their

support both financial and technical to FIELD these series of publications

including Farmers' Rice Breeding and Community Seed System: An approach

to develop a community seed registry by the Karya Peduli Tani Farmers'

Group won't be made possible.

FIELD Management Staff

25 March 2009

Pasar Minggu, Jakarta

iii


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This community property is suitable to our

group's vision that aims to make the seeds as a

common property, making them not as saleable

but exchangeable commodity. If there is a farmer

that needs Bongong, he or she can get it through

bartering rather than buying.

? Karya Peduli TaniFarmer Group

iv


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I. Introduction

This case study is a documentation about the activities of the farmers' group called

Kelompok Tani Karya Peduli Tani in Jengkok village, Kertasmaya, Indramayu, West

Java, Indonesia. FIELD Indonesia, a local nongovernment organization, facilitated

this project which was initiated in 2002 through the Participatory Enhancement of

Diversity of Genetic Resources in Asia (PEDIGREA) programme in 14 villages in the

district of Indramayu. The paper focuses on how farmers conducted rice breeding

and describes their efforts in conserving the varieties they bred through a

community seed system.

II. Background of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) Work on Ricein Jengkok village

Jengkok village, under the Kertasemaya sub-district, is 24 km from the capital of

Indramayu District and is located 160 km east of Jakarta. The village occupies an

area of 445,165 ha with a total population of 5,159 persons consisting of 1,791

households as of 2008. The community's major source of livelihood is farming. Rice

is one of the main crops grown by the farmers, with an average production of 3-7

tons per hectare.

The rice breeding and agrobiodiversity programs in Jengkok village being promoted

by FIELD Indonesia are based on the assumption that farmers are capable ofmanaging and developing biodiversity suitable to the local condition. Several factors

highlighted the need for farmers to develop their own seeds:

By: Engkus Kuswara, Lardian Isfandri, Rendra Kusuma Wijaya,

Triyanto Purnama Adi, Nugroho Wienarto, and Arma R. Bertuso

Farmers' Rice Breeding andCommunity Seed SystemAn approach to develop a community seed registryby the Karya Peduli Tani Farmers' Group


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? Numerous rice varieties that farmers are planting are not consistent with

what is indicated in the package label (fake seeds);

? Lost knowledge and skills of farmers related to seeds and seed selection

hence, farmers have to purchase seeds every planting season;

? Available seeds are not suitable to local conditions; and

? Disappearance of local seed varieties that are highly adapted to the local

environment and do not require high levels of fertilizer inputs.

The objectives of the rice seed breeding program are to:

a. enable farmers to develop and produce their own seeds according to their

own objectives, which in turn can help lessen their dependency for seeds on

outside sources;

b. empower farmers to manage genetic resources of their own crops and

livestock, particularly in terms of breeding;

c. contribute to increasing genetic diversity in food crops, especially in rice;

and

d. provide a scientific basis for the farmers' participatory crop breedingprogram.

The Karya Peduli TaniFarmers' Group in Jengkok village was formed through the

farmers' own initiative in order to facilitate their plant breeding activities. This

farmers' group has 33 members of which only five are women. Their actual

involvement in PPB started when the group sent three of their members (Abd. Muid,

Damiri and Joharipin) to the Training of Trainers (ToT) for FFS (Farmer Field School)on local rice which was held on 7 12 May 2004. After the ToT, the farmers organized

the FFS in their own village which was conducted from 24 July 4 November 2004. As

part of their PPB efforts, the farmers' group also participated in the following

related activities:

? ToT for FFS on local vegetables (18 23 August 2004);

? Enhancement study on rice (11 Dec 2004 March 2005 and continuously

conducted every cropping season up to the present);

? FFS on local vegetables (15 Dec 2004 - February 2005);


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? Enhancement study on local vegetables (April 2005 and continuously

conducted every season up to the present);

? Picturing impact* of PPB (February March 2005);

? Training on ecological agriculture (April 2005); and

? Socialization of local farmers on ecological agriculture (from 2006 up to the

present).

According to Joharifin, the leader of Karya

Peduli TaniFarmers' Group, their interest

in PPB is based on the following factors: 1)

most farmers are dependent on companiesfor their seeds; 2) existing commercial

seeds are not suitable to their local

conditions; 3) loss of local knowledge about

plant breeding; and 4) erosion of bio-

diversity in farmers' fields. To guide their

rice breeding efforts, the farmers came up

with their breeding objectives as follows:

resistant to pest and diseases, resistant to

lodging, plant height of 100 - 110 cm,

upright flag leaf, resistant to drought,

adaptable to minimum amount of

fertilizers, matures within 90 110 days

after transplanting, high yielding, and of

good eating quality.

Before the actual breeding work, the farmers evaluated several local varieties such

as Longong, Gundil putih, Gundil kuning, Jalawara putih, Jalawara merah, Sri putih,ketan bulu, ketan kuning, ketan putih and Kebo. Evaluating the varieties to be used

as parent lines for breeding is important in order to understand their traits and

assess their potential to fit the farmers' breeding objectives.

Furthermore, it is also important for the participants of the FFS to understand the2

process of selection, hence they set up a 1000 m trial field to conduct their

selection activities. The participants not only learn the theory of plant breeding but

also study various topics related to the breeding program such as analysis of rice

production, parental evaluation of varieties, establishing breeding objectives,setting up of field studies, genetics, plant growth stages, plant and flower

* Farmers themselves took photographs oftheir PBB activities and its results and

impacts, and provided stories regardingtheir pictures; it is a kind of afotonovela.


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morphology, breeding and selection techniques, recording and documentation of

field activities and results, and evaluation and testing of resulting lines vis--vis the

breeding objectives which have been set.

Table 1. The farmer breeders in Jengkok village and their crosses

Name of farmer

Mr. Tayadi

Mr. Hajj Rapudin

Mr. Duryanri

Mr. Joharifin

Mr. Hajj Sukadi

Mr. Carmin

Mr. Syamsudin

Mr. Hajj Toni

Mr. Moch. Suryaman

Mr. Abd. Muid

Mr. Riandi

Crosses

Cibadak x Ciherang

G. Dombret x IR 64

G. Dombret x 76 Balitpa

G. Dombret x Cibadak


Ciherang x Kebo

Ciherang x Longong

Ciherang x Ketan

Sabo x Ciherang

Sabo x Way Apo Buru

Cibadak x IR 64

Cibadak x Ciherang

Kebo x Longong

G Dombret x 76 Balitpa

G. Dombret x IR 64


G. Dombret x Cibadak

Way Apo Buru x Longong

Way Apo buru x Cibadak

Cibadak x Way Apu Buru

Ciherang x Sabo

Longong x Ciherang

Cibadak x Way Apo Buru

Date of crosses

7 July 2004

3 July 2004

7 July 2004

27 Feb 2005

28 Feb 2005

27 Feb 2008

7 July 2004

8 May 2004

7 July 2004

7 July 2004

7 July 2004

7 July 2004

27 Feb 2005

11 May 2005

5 May 2005

27 Feb 2005


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Out of the many crosses made by the

farmers in Jengkok, there was one cross

which later became a variety that most of

them favored. This is the cross of Kebo and

Longong which was later named Bongong

by its breeder, Mr. Joharifin. By the rainyseason of 2008-2009, Bongong is on F8 and is

already stable. It has the following traits:

maturity: 110-115 days; plant height: up to

105 cm; upright flag leaf; productive tillers:

22-35; good eating quality; high yield of

around 9-12.5 tons/ha; resistant to brown

plant hopper (BPH) and bacterial leaf blight;

and also resistant to lodging. It should benoted that Bongong possesses almost all the

qualities the farmers are looking for in rice,

based on their breeding objectives.

Compared to the crosses by the other

farmer-breeders, Bongong became stable

much faster. The farmer-breeder, Joharifin,

explained his own selection process which

he simply modified from the usual methods

(e.g., pedigree, semi- pedigree, and bulk)

that other farmer-breeders used. Joharifin

has been using what he called his own

Johar method. The practice involved

choosing only the best one hill or plant that

fits the breeding objective/criteria. From

the one hill, he then chose the best three

panicles. He continued with this kind ofselection from one generation to the next,

until the line became stable. In the case of

Bongong, the selection already became

stable by F5 which is faster compared to

other breeding practices.

Other farmers in the community became interested in Bongong due to its good

performance; however, needed land to further continue the selection process was

limited in Johar's field. A discussion among the farmers resulted in a decision to

share the further selection of Bongong, especially to test its performance in other

farming conditions. However, the farmers' group set some conditions for those who

JoharifinThe leader of

Karya Peduli TaniFarmers' Group

... we formed a small team to monitorthe spread of Bongong in our village andin other villages as well...


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were interested in Bongong. First, they must join the Karya Peduli TaniFarmers'

Group; second, they have to follow the Johar method of selection; third, they

need to document and share the results or information about their observations on

the varietal development in their field; and fourth, they must give back the result-

ing seeds to the group and to not distribute these to non-members.

As of the last wet season in 2008, a total of

120 farmers have planted Bongong in about

80 hectares of rice field. It is estimated

that by 2009, there would be around 300

farmers planting the variety in 250 - 300

hectares. This estimate is based on farmers'

requests for Bongong received by the group.

The results not only showed that many

farmers have planted (or are interested to

plant) Bongong, but this highly popular

variety also facilitated the communication

and cooperation among farmers. The case

of Bongong is just one of the many suc-

cesses of farmer-breeders in Jengkok on

their PPB efforts. Box 1 shows the testimo-

nies of farmers about Bongong and their

experience in PPB.

This community property is suitableto our group's vision that aims to make

the seeds as a common property, makingthem not as saleable but exchangeable

commodity. If there is a farmer thatneeds Bongong, he or she can get it

through bartering rather than buying.


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Box 1 Testimonies expressed by farmers about the Bongong variety

The seeds/varieties of Karya Peduli Tani Farmers' Group produce good rice. Forexample, Bongong produces 7-8 tons/hectare. It is resistant to Brown Plant Hopper(BPH) and lodging. It also tastes good. Another benefit is that we no longer have tobuy commercial seeds. This further reinforces the seed exchange among farmersand communities. Thus it is not unusual that many farmers in Secang (sub-village ofJengkok) are going to plant Bongong.

? Mr. Riandi, farmer breeder

So far, as shown by our cooperation with Karya Peduli Tani Farmers' Group, we notonly get good seeds but also enhance our knowledge and mastery on rice breeding

and seed selection. All these things are important to us; we learn a lot, comparedto the past when we just bought seeds in the agricultural store. For the future, wewill continuously participate in meetings conducted by Karya Peduli Tani Farmers'Group.

? Mr. Hajj Rapudin,one of the users of Bongong in Jengkok village

I plant several varieties including Bongong, Ciherang, and some other localvarieties including sticky rice on a 0.25ha parcel of my land. The aim is to conservethese varieties and support our fellow local farmers who need these materials forplant breeding activities.

? Hajj Khudi,informal but influential leader in Jengkok

In Karya Peduli Tani farmers' group, we formed a small team to monitor the spreadof Bongong in our village and in other villages as well. We have a record on whoplanted this variety, where, area, cultivation practices, and their yields. Weusually have small gatherings with our fellow breeder to discuss the feedbacksfrom the users.

? Damiri,member of Karya Peduli Tani farmers' group

I support the farmers' breeding activities and the use of Bongong in many localcommunities, especially in our village. Many farmers got the benefits from the newvariety. Our village council, in cooperation with informal leaders, youth, farmerleaders, and religious leaders had several meetings to come up with a draft of avillage regulation to protect and use local varieties and new farmer-bred varieties.The draft has already been submitted to the district government.

? Wahid,former head of Jengkok village until July 2008

We will follow up with the district government regarding the formalization of thisvillage regulation which is strongly supported by our communities in Jengkokvillage.

? Taripin,current head of Jengkok Village


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III. Results and outcomes of the PPB work in Jengkok Village

1. Increased number of farmers using farmer-bred varieties. Presently, 138

farming households are using farmer-bred varieties, consisting of 78 in Jengkok

and 60 in neighboring villages.

2. Increased hectarage devoted to farmer-bred varieties.Total land area used

and planted for the development of farmer-bred varieties is around 108 hect-

ares; 82 hectares of this area are in Jengkok (around 35% of the rice growing

area in the village), and around 26 hectares are in nearby villages.

3. Increased volume of farmer-bred varieties used.The use of seeds from

farmer-bred rice varieties in Jengkok village (dry season 2008) amounted to

1,627 kg or 1.6 tons. This makes up nearly 40% of seed demand within the

village alone. Moreover, farmers from outlying villages required about 530 kgfor their planting needs (Appendix 1).

4. Improved quality of farming.The farmer breeders practiced sustainable

farming methods that minimized their use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

The reduction in chemical input usage is attributed by the farmers to better

farmer-bred varieties that are more pest and disease resistant and are better

adapted to low external inputs (Appendix 3).

5. Better economic gains from farmer-bred varieties. In a comparative analysis(Appendices 2 and 3) to determine the economic value of using farmer-bred and

conventional (commercial) rice seeds, the results showed that farmer breeders

have more advantages in terms of labor cost and low-cost inputs and higher

yields. In terms of inputs, the farmer breeders can save up to 50 kg/ha of TSP

fertilizer usage (around 100 thousand Indonesian Rupiahs or IDR), reduce

pesticide spraying to 3 times only (savings of IDR 500 thousand/ha) and

eliminate seed purchase of up to 20 kg/ha since they already produce their own

seeds (equivalent to IDR 120 thousand/ha). Altogether, this means a total

production cost savings of around IDR 720,000/ha.

Moreover, farmer breeders with their excellent seeds are capable of producing

up to 6 tons/ha dry unhulled rice. Meanwhile, farmers using conventional seeds

harvest only two-thirds of this amount, i.e., around 4 tons/ha. These figures

translate to a net income/ha of around IDR 11,936,250 for farmer breeders

compared to only IDR 5,511,250 for their conventional farmer counterparts

meaning that the farmer breeders can earn more than double the conventional

farmers.


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6. Less seed dependency of farmers (on outside sources).From the perspective

of seed distribution chain, the farmer breeders have proven that by producing

their own seeds, they significantly reduced their dependency on imported seeds

and cut down on the attendant seed distribution chain costs as well. Hence, this

shortened chain provides greater value for its users. This is different from

conventional farmers with no bargaining power who just have to acceptretailers' seed prices. Profit margins in conventional seed trading are enjoyed by

the retailers and seed producing companies.

IV. Strengthening the community seed system through the communityseed registry

The experience of the farmers in Jengkok village in their PPB work prompted them

to discuss about how to strengthen their community seed system. The success and

wide acceptance of Bongong even outside the village made them realize that

farmer-bred seeds/varieties should remain as a community property and not as a

commercial seed. The farmers believe that the commercial seeds provide no

advantages for most farmers, but rather only create dependency.

As they have expressed, This community property is suitable to our group's vision

that aims to make the seeds as a common property, making them not as saleable

but exchangeable commodity. If there is a farmer that needs Bongong, he or she

can get it through bartering rather than buying.

To support the above idea, the Karya Peduli TaniFarmers' Group conducted a

meeting to discuss the protection of farmer-bred seed lines or varieties resulting

from PPB undertaken by farmers. In the meeting, the members developed the

The group is currently preparingfor the legal draft in order todevelop a PERDES (village regulation)which aims for the protection of

farmer-bred varieties, to be proposedto the Village Representative Council.


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community registry in order to officially make Bongong and other similar farmer-

bred varieties become the property of the community. A community registry is a

document that lists varieties (together with a description of their traits) that are

owned by the community and which should be made freely available to farmers.

However, anyone who plants those varieties has to agree to monitor and record

relevant data on the plants' performance and report these to the breeder (or thefarmers' group) so that the line or variety could be properly evaluated.

As a follow- up and to implement the community registry, the farmers' group

undertook the following activities:

1. Drafting of the declaration by the group

2. Awareness raising and socialization of farmers, which means encouraging

them to use farmer-bred seeds, educating them about agrobiodiversity, and

the importance of community solidarity with regard to the local seed

system.

3. Conduct a meeting with various stakeholders to discuss the declaration of

Bongong and other farmer-bred varieties as the property of the Jengkok

village community. Around 40 farmers, NGO staff, head of the Indramayu

district agriculture services, head of Jengkok village, and local government

staff participated in the said event.

4. Signing of the Bongong declaration. The declaration was signed by all

participants of the meeting and noted by the head of Jengkok village and

the head of Kertasmaya sub-district.

The Bongong declaration covered the breeding lines produced by the farmers in

Jengkok village such as Bongong itself which stands for Kebo x Longong by farmer

breeder Joharipin, Botan (Kebo x Ketan) by farmer breeder Abd. Muid, Gading

(Ciherang x Sabo by farmer breeder Moch. Suryaman, and Srikandi (Cibadak x Way

Apo Buru) by farmer breeder Riandi.

In order to further develop the community registry, the group has been engaged in

the following activites: preparing its farmer-members to learn and master the

knowledge of seed conservation, seed bank preparation and management,

coordination to maintain the information on local and improved varieties (including

spread of ceratin lines and varieties, etc.), and fundraising for future activities in

support of PPB. In fact, the group is currently preparing for the legal draft in orderto develop a PERDES (village regulation) which aims for the protection of farmer-

bred varieties, to be proposed to the Village Representative Council.


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To end, the Karya Peduli TaniFarmers' Group stated that it supports the continuous

process of developing a community seed system in Jengkok village with the

continuation of activities in PBB and community registry. The farmer breeders

Joharifin, Moch. Suryaman, Andi, Abd. Muid and others asserted that the declaration

is a means of protecting seeds developed by farmer breeders like themselves. The

declaration itself was developed through a participatory process. Farmers realizethat it is not easy to organize a lot of people, but it is necessary to build solidarity

and get support from the village community.

The PPB efforts of farmers in Jengkok village proved that farmers can indeed

become breeders and researchers. They are capable of producing excellent varieties

and increasing their incomes in the process. Beyond the economic gains, their work

in PBB has also helped them become more appreciative of the importance of joining

groups and gaining new knowledge that in turn has helped build their confidence.

Moreover, it has made them more critical they have come to realize the importanceof seeds to their lives as farmers; they are working toward eliminating their

dependence on seed companies; and they are continuing with their efforts to truly

contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity.

Note: Appendix tables 1, 2 and 3 in the next pages were lifted from A Case Study on Rice

Seed Breeding and Distribution Chain by Kelompok Tani Karya Peduli Tani,

Jengkok Village, Kertasemaya, Indramayu, West Java written by Indro Surono, Arif

Miharja (ELSPPAT) & Wiwik Sriyanti, Lardian Isfandri, Rendra Kusuma Wijaya (FIELD

Indonesia); figures cited were taken from interviews with farmers in November 2008.


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No Name of Participant Sex Hectarage Seed Demand Ownership Status(Ha/Bata) (kg)

M F

1 Johar Arifin M 700 bata = 1 ha 20 kg Private land

2 Syamsudin M 400 bata 11.42 kg Leased land

3 Zaeni M 250 bata 7.14 kg Private land

4 Duryanto M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

5 Riandi M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

6 Moh. Suryaman M 2,100 bata = 3 ha 60 kg Private land

7 Midah M Has no land - -

8 Sadirin M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land700 bata = 1 ha 20 kg Leased land

9 H. Masta M 5,600 bata = 8 ha 160 kg Private land

10 H. Toni M 2,500 bata = 5 bau 71.42 kg Private land

11 H. Rapudin M 2,500 bata = 5 bau 71.42 kg Private land

12 H. Tayana M 2,800 bata = 4 ha 80 kg Private land

13 Hj. Wasriah F - - (H. Masta's wife)

14 Komisa F - - Left the village, participatedin the government'stransmigration program toKalimantan

15 Sri Toipah F - - Left the village, participatedin the government's

transmigration program toKalimantan

16 Misri F 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

17 Dakiron M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

18 Abd Muid M - - Leased land

19 Mustopah A M - - Land was sold

20 Mudi M 250 bata 7.14 kg Private land

21 Rusdi M 500 bata = 1 bau - Private land was used ascollateral

22 H. Sayuhi M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

23 Damiri Kodam M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land24 Zakariyah M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

25 Tayadi M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

26 Joni M 350 bata 10 kg Private land

27 H. Sukadi M 3,500 bata = 5 ha 100 kg Private land

28 Mustapa B M - - Has no land

29 Kandeg M 200 bata 5.71 kg

30 Carmin M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

31 Damiri M 1,400 bata = 2 ha 40 kg Private land

32 H. Kudi M 1,500 bata = 3 bau 45 kg Private land

33 Kunaenah F 1,500 bata = 3 bau 45 kg Private land

34 H. Amin M 2,100 bata = 3 ha 60 kg Private land

35 Rosdi M 1000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Leased Land

Appendix 1.

Volume, hectarage and number of seed users of farmer-bred varietiesin Kelompok Karya Peduli Tani (Dry Season 2008)


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M F

36 Rokibun M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

37 Saonah F - - -

38 Asrorih M 150 bata 4.28 kg Private land39 Iip M - - Left the village, participated

in the government'stransmigration program toKalimantan

40 Bunyana M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Private land

41 Mulyani F 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

42 Sayid M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

43 H. Mugi M 2,800 bata = 4 ha 80 kg Private land

44 Rasda setia Bintara M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Private land

45 Sakini M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

46 Taman M 250 bata 7.14 kg

47 Sadi M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Leased Land

48 Sayid A M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

49 Sayid B M 250 bata 7.14 kg Private land

50 Amsor M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

51 Baksuni M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Leased Land

52 Taryana M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

53 H. Dawi M 1,500 bata = 3 bau 45 kg Private land

54 Mukhit M 150 bata 4.28 kg Private land

55 Muslimin M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Leased Land

56 Mukarih M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Used as collateral

57 Jakaria M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

58 Yunus M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

59 Amsor M 250 Bata 7.14 kg Private land

60 Casudi M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

61 Randim M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

62 Soheh M 250 bata 7/14 kg Private land

63 Madasim M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

64 H. Durakim M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

65 Kaneri M 600 bata 17.14 kg Private land

66 Asep M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

67 Jaurih M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Private land

68 Yaskur M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

69 Dulkodir M 200 bata 5.71 kg Private land

70 Sohib M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

71 Bisri A M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

72 Bisri B M 250 bata 7.14 kg Private land

73 Midih M 1,500 bata = 3 bau 45 kg Leased Land

74 Sutadi M 500 bata = 1 bau 15 kg Private land

75 Ustad agus M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Private land


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M F

76 Mukarih M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

77 Waria M 1,000 bata = 2 bau 30 kg Private land

78 Sadir M 300 bata 8.57 kg Private land

Seed demand for and totalacreage planted to farmer-bredvarieties

57,700 bataor 82.42 ha

1,627.02 kgor 1.627 Ton

Note:1 bau = 500 bata; 1 bata = 14 m; 1 ha = 700 bataSeed requirement for 1 ha = 20 kgSeed requirement for 1 bau = 15 kg


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No Expenditure items Cost

1 Leasing cost per season = 1.5 tons of dry unhulled rice (IDR 3.1 millions/ton) 4,650,000

2 Tillage cost:

a. Tractor leasing 370,000

b. Dike development 150,000

c. Land leveling 150,000

d. Paddy planting 400,000

e. Weeding 100,000

3 Fertilizer and other inputs (saprodi):

a. Urea fertilizer= 175 kg x IDR 1,250/kg 218,750

b. TSP fertilizer = 175 kg x IDR 2,000/kg 350,000

c. Pesticides = 8 times of spraying x IDR 100,000 800,000

d. Seeds = 20 kg x IDR 6,000/kg (Assumption: Ciherang variety) 120,000

e. Labor cost for spraying, etc. 200,000

Total Cost 7,508,750

5 Gross Income:

Net production yield: 4.2 tons of dry unhulled rice x IDR 3,100,000/ton 13,020,000

6 Net Income:

Gross Income - Total Cost 5,511,250

Appendix 2.

Farming business analysis using conventional seeds(Average figures for wet season rice cultivation)

Note: Computations of costs and other requirements are based onan assumed 1ha area of rice land.


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No Expenditure items Cost

1 Leasing cost per season = 1.5 tons of dry unhulled rice (IDR 3.1 millions/ton) 4,650,000

2 Tillage cost:

a. Tractor leasing 370,000

b. Dike development 150,000

c. Land leveling 150,000

d. Paddy planting 400,000

e. Weeding 100,000

3 Fertilizer and other inputs (saprodi):

a. Urea fertilizer= 175 kg x IDR 1,250/kg 218,750

b. TSP fertilizer = 125 kg x IDR 2,000/kg 250,000

c. Pesticides = 3 times of spraying x IDR 100,000 300,000

d. Seeds = 20 kg x IDR 6,000/kg (Assumption: Ciherang variety) 120,000

e. Labor cost for spraying, etc. 75,000

Total Cost 6,663,750

5 Gross Income:

Net production yield: 6 tons of dry unhulled rice x IDR 3,100,000/ton 18,600,000

6 Net Income:

Gross Income - Total Cost 11,936,250

Appendix 3.

Farming business analysis using farmer-bred seeds(Average figures for wet season rice cultivation)

Note: Computations of costs and other requirements are based onan assumed 1ha area of rice land.


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We will follow up with the district government

regarding the formalization of this village

regulation which is strongly supported by our

communities in Jengkok village.

? Taripin, current Head of Jengkok Village


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PEDIGREA

The Participatory Enhancement of Diversity of

Genetic Resources in Asia (PEDIGREA) is a project

that aims to strengthen the capability of farmingcommunities to manage their genetic resources as

part of local agro-biodiversity. The project

focuses on:

? participatory plant breeding aimed at the broadening of the

genetic base of rice in intensive production systems,

? participatory crop improvement of local and traditional vegetables(i.e. pumpkin, sponge gourd, wax gourd, bitter gourd, eggplant,

string beans),

? participatory animal improvement aimed at enhancing the genetic

base of farm animals (i.e. pig and goat), and

? participatory market development aimed at creating and improving

market opportunities for local and regional farm products.

The purpose of PEDIGREA is to contribute to food sovereignty and to

strengthen farmers' genetic diversity and knowledge systems in the rice

based farming systems of Southeast Asia. It works on participatory

methodologies developed in the Farmer Field School (FFS) approach with

the partner farming communities. At the same time, the project build on

the comparative advantages of all key actors in the management of

genetic resources including those from the public sector.

PEDIGREA project is implemented in three countries, namely: Cambodia,Indonesia and the Philippines.

PEDIGREA project partners are SRER KHMER in Cambodia, FIELD in

Indonesia and PPRDI in the Philippines, and the CGN, the Netherlands. The

project is coordinated by the PEDIGREA Foundation.

19


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An approach to develop acommunity seed registryby the Karya Peduli Tani

Farmers' Group

Farmers' RiceBreeding and

Community SeedSystem

Documents

Comm Seeds System