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Coming from behind September, 1939
By late 1940, Britain was the only country fighting the
Nazis in Western Europe
Coming from behind
By late 1940, British navy and army pressed further and
further towards India by the Japanese
•Look at how the number of the deaths are divided
•What is a stunning number for this war that was not
true in any other modern war?
•Why would make this happen?Death Distribution
Military Dead Civilian Dead
WWI 95% 5%
WWII 33% 67%
WWII Death Count Per Country:
Country Military Civilian Total
USSR 12 million 17 million 29,000,000
Poland 597,000 5.86 million 6,270,000
Germany 3.25 million 2.44 million
5,690,000
Yugoslavia 305,000 1.35 million 1,660,000
Romania 450,000 465,000
915,000
Hungary 200,000 600,000
800,000
France 245,000 350,000 595,000
Italy 380,000 153,000 533,000
Great Britain 403,000 92,700 495,000
United States 407,000 6,000 413,000
Czechoslovakia 7,000 315,000 322,000
Holland 13,700 236,000 249,000
Greece 19,000 140,000 159,000
Overwhelmed British beginning to crumble, 1940-1941
Hong Kong
Sinagpore
Burma
New Guinea
Pacific and Indian Ocean
France has fallen in
Europe
Hitler invades and
overwhelms the Russians in
1941
Can they keep it going on
there own?
Why should the US care?
Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan: Too cocky or
striking at the best time
Operation: Barbarossa
Pearl Harbor: the
United States
enters the war
December 7, 1941
The US Pacific
Fleet was moved
to Pearl Harbor
from California in
late 1940. Why?
The Plan: 3 waves
1: battleships,carriers, airbases
2. Finish off the ships and
facilities
3. Destroy oil storage tanks
•Look at total
tonnage lost
•What
happened?
•How?
The allied Strategy: A two front war, with most
resources going to defeat Germany first. Why?
Stalin FDRChurchill
Soviet Union USA
Great Britain
Like all of the allied countries, the United States was
not ready
•Why not?
•Why would the US be able to quickly
organize for world war?
•What would the US have to start doing
•What will be one of the problems with
mobilizing so many people for so many
different needs?
•How will this effect traditional gender and
ethnic roles?
•Where will the government get the money?
•How will the government get the resources
to build what they need?
•TOTAL NUMBER IN UNITED STATES FORCES DURING WW2
ARMY: 8,300,000 NAVY: 4,204,662 MARINES: 599,693
GRAND TOTAL: 13,104,355
ARMY:
KILLED IN ACTION: 223,215
NAVY:
KILLED IN ACTION: 34,702
TOTAL NAVY DEATHS: 63,278
MARINES
TOTAL MARINE DEATHS: 24,486
GRAND TOTAL KILLED IN ACTION IN ARMY, NAVY, MARINES
273,377
DIED OF WOUNDS LATER: 4,946
OTHER DEATHS: 32,656
TOTAL DEATHS: 310,979
Fear at home leads to
extreme measures:
Japanese interment
camps
The offensive war against Japan began with the Americans,
taking and barely holding against continuous Japanese
attack against the airfield on Guadacanal island in the
Solomon Islands 1942
•After defeats at Pearl Harbor, in Alaska, at Wake Island
and the Phillipines, US forces in the Pacific were reeling.
•The Navy was given the task of taking the Central
Pacific back.
•MacArthur, now based in Australia, was to use army
units to drive towards Japan from the south
•Both the navy and MacArthur quickly learned the
importance of Airbases
•Island hoping strategy…why?
The War in the Pacific covers thousand of miles
What will be the challenges?
What new ways of doing things will have to be developed?
New Guinea 1943-1944
The War in Europe begins with Churchill insisting on a
“backdoor” approach through North Africa and Italy. The
US would rather build up for a direct attack through France.
The compromise: We will do both
European Campaign maps
Recovery