Coming at You From All Coming at You From All SidesSides

U.S. Immigration U.S. Immigration

Chapter 7, Section 1 NotesChapter 7, Section 1 Notes

The East Side PortThe East Side Port

Ellis Island was a major port through which Ellis Island was a major port through which Europeans entered the United StatesEuropeans entered the United States

Ellis Island was generally more fair to Ellis Island was generally more fair to immigrants than Angel Islandimmigrants than Angel Island

20% of all immigrants were detained for a day 20% of all immigrants were detained for a day or more before inspection to be allowed in the or more before inspection to be allowed in the countrycountry

Only 2% denied entry into the U.S.Only 2% denied entry into the U.S.

Ellis IslandEllis Island

With Ellis Island off in the distance, the first thing With Ellis Island off in the distance, the first thing new immigrants passed as they entered New York new immigrants passed as they entered New York

Harbor was the Statue of Liberty.Harbor was the Statue of Liberty.

Ferries docking at Ellis IslandFerries docking at Ellis Island

EntryEntry

Baggage RoomBaggage Room

Registry RoomRegistry Room

Bunks in the MezzanineBunks in the Mezzanine

29 Questions29 Questions U.S. Department of LaborU.S. Department of Labor Immigration ServiceImmigration Service

SALOON, CABIN AND STEERAGE ALIENS MUST BE COMPLETELY INSPECTED THIS SHEET FOR STEERAGE SALOON, CABIN AND STEERAGE ALIENS MUST BE COMPLETELY INSPECTED THIS SHEET FOR STEERAGE PASSANGERS ___ PagePASSANGERS ___ Page

1. Number on List1. Number on List 14. Whether having a ticket to14. Whether having a ticket to 23. Condition of Health23. Condition of Health

2. Name in Full2. Name in Full final destination. final destination. 24. Deformed or crippled24. Deformed or crippled

3. Age3. Age 15. By whom passage paid?15. By whom passage paid? 25. Height25. Height

4. Sex4. Sex 16. Whether in possession of $50.16. Whether in possession of $50. 26. Complexion26. Complexion

5. Married / Single5. Married / Single 17. Whether ever in U.S. before.17. Whether ever in U.S. before. 27. Color of eyes / hair27. Color of eyes / hair

6. Occupation6. Occupation 18. Whether going to join relative;18. Whether going to join relative; 28. Identifying marks28. Identifying marks

7. Able to Read / Write7. Able to Read / Write if so, list name and address if so, list name and address 29. Place of Birth29. Place of Birth

8. Nationality8. Nationality 19. Ever in prison, almshouse,19. Ever in prison, almshouse, Country/City/TownCountry/City/Town institution for care of insane etc. institution for care of insane etc.

9. Race9. Race

10. Last Residence10. Last Residence 20. Whether a Polygamist.20. Whether a Polygamist.

11. Name & Address11. Name & Address 21. Whether an Anarchist.21. Whether an Anarchist.

of relative in native countryof relative in native country 22. Whether coming with an offer,22. Whether coming with an offer,

12. Final Destination12. Final Destination promise, or agreement of labor. promise, or agreement of labor.

13. No. on list13. No. on list

((most important questions were #2, 6, 15, 16, and 22)most important questions were #2, 6, 15, 16, and 22)

The East Side PortThe East Side Port

How do you get in?How do you get in? Immigrants had to pass a physical and anyone with a Immigrants had to pass a physical and anyone with a

serious health problem or contagious disease was sent serious health problem or contagious disease was sent homehome

Immigrants had to pass the government inspector also Immigrants had to pass the government inspector also to make sure they met the legal requirements for entryto make sure they met the legal requirements for entry

Not a felonNot a felon Able to workAble to work Show they have at least some money (at least $25 after Show they have at least some money (at least $25 after

1909)1909)

The West Side PortThe West Side Port

Angel Island was quite harsh to immigrants, Angel Island was quite harsh to immigrants, mostly Chinese immigrantsmostly Chinese immigrants

Immigrants endured harsh questioning and a Immigrants endured harsh questioning and a long detention in disgusting buildingslong detention in disgusting buildings

If they got into America, they still had to find a If they got into America, they still had to find a job, a place to live, and try to learn the culturejob, a place to live, and try to learn the culture

Because it was difficult, ethnic communities Because it was difficult, ethnic communities came together to help one anothercame together to help one another

Hey Chinese: We Don’t Want You!Hey Chinese: We Don’t Want You!

We talked about the Chinese Exclusion Act last week but not We talked about the Chinese Exclusion Act last week but not in depthin depth

Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act 1882: Banned Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, 1882: Banned Chinese except students, teachers, merchants,

tourists, and government officials from entering the country tourists, and government officials from entering the country for 10 yearsfor 10 years

1892: Act extended 10 more years1892: Act extended 10 more years 1902: Act extended indefinitely1902: Act extended indefinitely 1943: Act finally repealed1943: Act finally repealed Why did we have it?Why did we have it? Answer: There was a fear that jobs would go to the Chinese Answer: There was a fear that jobs would go to the Chinese

immigrants instead of Americans because the immigrants immigrants instead of Americans because the immigrants would take lower wages to workwould take lower wages to work

It’s not exactly holding a door open It’s not exactly holding a door open for a lady…for a lady…

Well, Japanese kids had also been segregated; they Well, Japanese kids had also been segregated; they were placed into separate San Francisco schools from were placed into separate San Francisco schools from other Americansother Americans

The Gentlemen’s Agreement was a compromise The Gentlemen’s Agreement was a compromise between U.S. and Japanese governmentsbetween U.S. and Japanese governments

Japan agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers Japan agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the U.S. so Japanese students could go to regular to the U.S. so Japanese students could go to regular schools in San Franciscoschools in San Francisco

America’s Not Always BeautifulAmerica’s Not Always Beautiful Americanization movementAmericanization movement

Kind of a cousin to the Assimilation of Indians (same concept)Kind of a cousin to the Assimilation of Indians (same concept) This was an attempt to get ethnic groups to “be American”This was an attempt to get ethnic groups to “be American” They learned English, U.S. History, and GovernmentThey learned English, U.S. History, and Government Cooking and social etiquette were taughtCooking and social etiquette were taught Many immigrants argued against Americanization, as they did Many immigrants argued against Americanization, as they did

not want to give up their traditionsnot want to give up their traditions Instead, many ethnic groups continued to live together in Instead, many ethnic groups continued to live together in

crowded neighborhoodscrowded neighborhoods Ex: Chinatown in San FranciscoEx: Chinatown in San Francisco Ex: Little Italy in Cleveland (yes, I know that’s not on the west coast)Ex: Little Italy in Cleveland (yes, I know that’s not on the west coast)