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COMENIUSMultilateral School PartnershipsECO IDEAS ECO CITIZENS

3rd 8th November 2012, Opatow, Poland

Air Pollution

If we want to have a future, we have to think about it. The future is in our global family with our common home and environment the Earth.The future starts today

The air pollution is the introduction of new unusual chemical mechanical or biological substances for air as well as the change in their average annual concentration. These substances cause harm to living organisms or environmental damage. Air pollution has an important role; also it provides a strong influence on economics after the industrial revolution. Essence

The rapid increase of the world population, the scientific and technical progress and arms entirely change the situation on the planet last 100 years. In the near past, human activities also had a negative effect, but not so high, how it is now. Anthropogenic effect on the biosphere has intensified recently.Reasons

DustSulphur compounds (SO2, H2S , S ) Nitrogen compounds (NO2, NH3)Carbon compounds (C, , 2,4)Aerosols (Pb)FreonHalonPhenols

Main pollutants in Bulgaria

Carbon oxides -CO,CO2Dust Particles Lead aerosolsSulphur dioxide - SO2Nitrogen oxides - NO2,NoxHeavy metals - arsenic, cadmium, mercury

Main pollutants in Pazardzhik

Average monthly, seasonal and average annual concentrations of dust particles for 2007-2010 in Pazardzhik.summerwinteraverage annual

A main source of dust is emissions from burning solid fuel in thermal power stations, households and industry. The real situation is getting worse by the air detention in height due to the closed nature of certain fields.Dust

Sulphur dioxide pollution (SO2) associated with the burning of low quality coal, and non-ferrous metallurgy.

Sources of hydrogen sulfide are oil refining industry, cellulose and paper industry and factories, producing fibers.Sulphur compoundsSO2, H2S

Reactions of nitrogen with oxygen leading to the formation of nitrogen oxides in nature, occur under the influence of electrical discharges (lightning).Sources of ammonia are mineralization of humus in soil, decomposition of nitrogen containing substances in tailings and coal burning.Nitrogen Compounds

Lead aerosols are formed in production of lead, in his secondary extraction from old batteries and other waste, in painting with paints containing lead and others. The main source of lead aerosols are primarily gasoline engines.Lead Aerosols

These gases have a low boiling point and are used in refrigeration as solvents in aerosol dispensers in deodorants and chemicals. Today, they are replaced by other substances. Chlorine atoms act as a catalyst in the dissociation of ozone to oxygen.Freons

1. Natural sources2. Anthropogenic sourcesMain Sources ofAir Pollution

Main Sources of Air PollutionNatural sources* Volcanoes* Sandstorms* Forest fires* Products of organic origin* Carbon-containing fuels

Anthropogenic sources* Chemical Industry* Motor transport* Energetics* Metallurgy* Wood heating burning * Farming* Nicotine and others.

Natural sources

sulfur (S);sulfur dioxide (SO2); sulfide(H2S) are given off

Volcanic eruptions

Dust Particles (DP) are given off

Sandstorms

Carbon dioxide (CO2)SootAshare given off

Forest Fires

Products of plant and animal origin

Coal;Petrol;Biomass.

carbon-bearingfuels :

Earth and petroleum gases

GaseousFuels

Anthropogenic sources

Factories and industrial plants

Cars;Motorcycles;Planes;Ships and others.

Motor Vehicles

Thermal Power Station

Electrical PowerStation

Nicotine

Chemical and biological nuclear weapons

Organic wastethat releasemethane

* Greenhouse effect* Ozone Layer Depletion* Acid rain* Climate changes* Healthy problems

Problems Caused with Air Pollution

Greenhouse effectCarbon dioxide and other gases emissions causing the so-called greenhouse effect. In this way the reflected solar radiation from the Earth (mostly infrared) can not dissipate into space, returns and warms the earth more

The ozone layer serves as a protectivebarrier to living organisms from deadly ultraviolet rays not missing a significant part of them.

Sunlight breaks down high energy molecules of these substances.

Chlorine and fluorine atoms liberate and they destroy ozone molecules-3.Ozone Layer Depletion

It is caused of acid oxides, mostly sulfur dioxide, which converts into sulfuric acid when it falls in the air in the presence of moisture.

Acid Rain

Air Pollution in certain urban areas which is due to the large masses stagnant air

Smog

Respiratory problemsCardiovascular diseasesAsthmatic and allergic problemsDevelopmental disorders of the nervous systemCancerExistence of slow growth and etc.Healthy Problems

How to Protect the Air?

To replace solid fuels with liquid or gaseous fuels.

To use fuels with lower ash and sulfur content.

To close down obsolete and physically worn power capacities, because it is impossible they to become ecologically-friendly.

To change the structure of our energy equipment.To start using renewable resources for energy sources which are untypical for our country.To use central heating for houses as long as to introduce dust-collecting equipment for energy and industrial sources of dust.To use hydrogen fuel.To plant and look after flower alleys.To protect forests and parks.

Lets Take Care of the Environment Alll Together Heres What We Do at Our SSchoolWe are trying to change students attitude towards nature improving our ecological culture;We collect dangerous waste as batteries in special containers situated in different places at our school;

What More We Do:We throw away waste separately in specific containers which are in front of our school;

We use paper or cloth shopping bags because plastic ones have a very long period of degradation and during their burning they emit harmful substances;

InternetReference Book issued by Young Ecologist ClubData supplied by RIOOSV-PazardzhikMOSV Information Centre STATE OF THE WORLD-2010

References

Silviya Boteva 10th grade Margarita Todanova 10th grade

Manager: Elena Gamizova Teacher of Chemistry and Environmental Protection

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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Thank you for your attention!

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