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EB
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Combinatorial Aspects of PPsHeaded by Raising Prepositions
Beata TrawinskiUniversity of Tubingen
ACL-SIGSEM Workshop:
The Linguistic Dimensions of Prepositions and their Use in Computational Linguistics Formalisms and Applications
4-6 September 2003, Toulouse, France
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.1
EB
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tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P �
+ N + P + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
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KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N
+ P + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P �
+ NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P � + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P � + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P � + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P � + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tP � N � P �NP Expressions
P � + N + P � + NP
in connection with this problem
by dint of hard work
by means of natural selection
in contrast to international trends
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.2
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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TÜ
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emin
arfu
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prac
hwis
sens
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tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P N P NP word sequences
Criteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P N P NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
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KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P N P NP word sequences
Criteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P N P NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P N P NP word sequences
Criteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P N P NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequences
Criteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P N P NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequencesCriteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P N P NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequencesCriteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequencesCriteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequencesCriteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and Outlook
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tOverview
Syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP expressions
Analysis of [Fries 88]
Analysis of [Trawinski 03]
Semantic aspects of P � N � P � NP word sequencesCriteria of semantic regularity for PPs
Three semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs
External selection approach of [Soehn 03]
Phrasal lexical entry approach of [Sailer 00]
Summary and OutlookCombinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.3
EB
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SU
NIV
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emin
arfu
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prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tin Verbindung mit diesem Problem
in
in
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
‘in connection with this problem’
mochte
would like
ich
I
darauf
DA on
hinweisen,
point out
dass ...
that
‘I would like to point out that ...’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.4
EB
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RL
SU
NIV
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TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tin Verbindung mit diesem Problem
in
in
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
‘in connection with this problem’
mochte
would like
ich
I
darauf
DA on
hinweisen,
point out
dass ...
that
‘I would like to point out that ...’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.4
EB
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emin
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sens
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tQuantification, Determination, Modification, P � NP Omission
in
in
*einer/
a/
*der/
the/
*seiner/
his/
*Peters
Peter’s
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
*enger/
close/
*unerwarteter
unexpected
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
[Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem],
problem
*die
which
uns
us
betrifft
concerns
...
*in
in
Verbindung
connection
...
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.5
EB
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NIV
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tQuantification, Determination, Modification, P � NP Omission
in
in
*einer/
a/
*der/
the/
*seiner/
his/
*Peters
Peter’s
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
*enger/
close/
*unerwarteter
unexpected
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
[Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem],
problem
*die
which
uns
us
betrifft
concerns
...
*in
in
Verbindung
connection
...
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.5
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tQuantification, Determination, Modification, P � NP Omission
in
in
*einer/
a/
*der/
the/
*seiner/
his/
*Peters
Peter’s
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
*enger/
close/
*unerwarteter
unexpected
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
[Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem],
problem
*die
which
uns
us
betrifft
concerns
...
*in
in
Verbindung
connection
...
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.5
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tQuantification, Determination, Modification, P � NP Omission
in
in
*einer/
a/
*der/
the/
*seiner/
his/
*Peters
Peter’s
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
*enger/
close/
*unerwarteter
unexpected
Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem
problem
...
in
in
[Verbindung
connection
mit
with
diesem
this
Problem],
problem
*die
which
uns
us
betrifft
concerns
...
*in
in
Verbindung
connection
...
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.5
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tThe Analysis of Fries (1988)
P’
PNP
diesem Problem(‘this problem’)
Pin (‘in’)
NVerbindung
(‘connection’)
Pmit (‘with’)
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.6
EB
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emin
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tArguments against the Analysis of Fries (1988)
mit Hilfe ??von dem Buch/ des Bucheswith help of the book/ the book �� �
‘by dint of the book’
inin
Verbindungconnection
womit/damitWO with/ DA with
‘in connection with what/with it’
inin
Verbindungconnection
mitwith
diesemthis
Problemproblem
undand
mitwith
seinerits
Losungsolution
‘in connection with this problem and with its solution’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.7
EB
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HA
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NIV
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tArguments against the Analysis of Fries (1988)
mit Hilfe ??von dem Buch/ des Bucheswith help of the book/ the book �� �
‘by dint of the book’
inin
Verbindungconnection
womit/damitWO with/ DA with
‘in connection with what/with it’
inin
Verbindungconnection
mitwith
diesemthis
Problemproblem
undand
mitwith
seinerits
Losungsolution
‘in connection with this problem and with its solution’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.7
EB
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HA
RD
KA
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NIV
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emin
arfu
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prac
hwis
sens
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tArguments against the Analysis of Fries (1988)
mit Hilfe ??von dem Buch/ des Bucheswith help of the book/ the book �� �
‘by dint of the book’
inin
Verbindungconnection
womit/damitWO with/ DA with
‘in connection with what/with it’
inin
Verbindungconnection
mitwith
diesemthis
Problemproblem
undand
mitwith
seinerits
Losungsolution
‘in connection with this problem and with its solution’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.7
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
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TÜ
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emin
arfu
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prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tThe Analysis of Fries (1988)
P’
PNP
diesem Problem(‘this problem’)
Pin (‘in’)
NVerbindung
(‘connection’)
Pmit (‘with’)
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.8
EB
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emin
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hwis
sens
chaf
tThe Selection
P’’
P’PP
mit diesem Problem(‘with this problem’)
Pin (‘in’)
NVerbindung
(‘connection’)
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.9
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tThe Structure of a PP Headed by a Raising Preposition
���������������������������
word
PHON
�
in
�
SYNS
��������������
LOC
��������������
CAT
��������������
HEAD 3 prep
ARG-ST
1
�
LOC
�
CAT
�
VAL
�
COMPS
2
�� �VAL
�
COMPS
2 , 1
��
��������������
��������������
��������������
���������������������������
�����������������������
word
PHON
�
Verbindung
�
SYNS 1
�����������
LOC
�����������
CAT
�����������
HEAD noun
ARG-ST <NP, 2 >
VAL
�
COMPS
2
�������������
�����������
�����������
�����������������������
H C
�����������������
phrase
PHON
�
in, Verbindung
�
SYNS
�����LOC
�����CAT
�����
HEAD 3
VAL
�
COMPS
2
�������
�����
�����
�����������������
��������
phrase
PHON
�
mit, diesem, Problem
�
SYNS 2
��������
H C
�����������������
phrase
PHON
�
in, Verbindung, mit, diesem, Problem
�
SYNS
�����LOC
�����CAT
�����
HEAD 3
VAL
�
COMPS
� � ������
�����
�����
�����������������
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.10
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tRegularity Properties (RPs) for PPs
RP 1:Every element in the PP can be attributed somemeaning with which it occurs also outside theparticular combination under consideration.
RP 2:The meaning of the entire PP is arrived at bycombining the meanings of its parts in a regularway.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.11
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rS
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hwis
sens
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tRegularity Properties (RPs) for PPs
RP 1:Every element in the PP can be attributed somemeaning with which it occurs also outside theparticular combination under consideration.
RP 2:The meaning of the entire PP is arrived at bycombining the meanings of its parts in a regularway.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.11
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tin einem Buch von Chomsky
in
in
einem
a
Buch
book
von
of
Chomsky
Chomsky
‘in a book by Chomsky’
hat
has
er
he
uber
about
diese
this
Theorie
theory
gelesen
read
‘he read about this theory’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.12
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tin einem Buch von Chomsky
in
in
einem
a
Buch
book
von
of
Chomsky
Chomsky
‘in a book by Chomsky’
hat
has
er
he
uber
about
diese
this
Theorie
theory
gelesen
read
‘he read about this theory’
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.12
EB
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HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
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hwis
sens
chaf
tThe Structure of the PP in einem Buch von Chomsky
P
� � � �� ��� in’
� � � � � � � �
in (‘in’)
D
� � �� � � � � � � � � � �
einem (‘a’)
N
�� � � buch’
� � � � �
Buch (‘book’)
PP
chomsky
von Chomsky (‘by Chomsky’)
H C
N’
� � buch’
�
chomsky
� � �
Buch von Chomsky (‘book of Chomsky’)
C H
NP
�� � �
buch’
�
chomsky� � � � � � � �
einem Buch von Chomsky
(‘a book by Chomsky’)
H C
PP
�� ��� in’
� �� � �
buch’
�� �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
in einem Buch von Chomsky
(‘in a book by Chomsky’)
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.13
EB
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RL
SU
NIV
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ÄT
TÜ
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tThree Classes of P � N � P �NP Expressions
in Verbindung mit x(‘in connection with x’)
an Hand von x(‘by means of x’)
in Anbetracht von x(‘in consideration of x’)
RP1: Every ele-ment in the PP canbe attributed somemeaning with whichit occurs also out-side the particularcombination underconsideration.
� � �
RP 2: The mean-ing of the entire PPis arrived at by com-bining the meaningsof its parts in a reg-ular way.
� � �
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.14
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tThe External Selection Approach of [Soehn 03]
����������������������������������������
word
PHON
�
Anbetracht
�
SYNS 1
����������������������������
LOC
����������������������������
CAT
����������������������������
HEAD
������������������
noun
CASE dat
XSEL
������
LOC
������
CAT
������
HEAD prep
VAL
COMPS�
2 , 1
�
ARG-ST�
1
LOC
CAT
VAL
COMPS
�
2
���
� � ��
� � ��
� � ��
� � � � � � � � ��
VAL
COMPS
�
2
�
ARG-ST
�
2
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.15
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NIV
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tThe Phrasal Lexical Entry Approach of [Sailer 00]
The INTERNAL IRREGULARITY PRINCIPLE
phrase
COLL
�
�
�
IE � �
...
�
IE ��
The WORD PRINCIPLE
word �
�
LE � �
...�
LE ��
The ID PRINCIPLE
phrase
COLL �
�
�
HC
�
HA
�
HM
�
HF
�
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.16
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tThe Structure of the PP an Hand von Prolog
���������������������������������
word
PHON
�
an
�
SYNS
���������������������
LOC
���������������������
CAT
���������������
HEAD 3 prep
ARG-ST
1
�
LOC
�
CAT
�
VAL
�
COMPS
2�� �
VAL
�
COMPS
2 , 1
��
���������������
CONT
�
P
�
Q.an’(P)(Q)
���������������������
���������������������
���������������������������������
����������������������������
word
PHON
�
Hand
�
SYNS 1
����������������
LOC
����������������
CAT
����������������
HEAD noun
ARG-ST < 2 >
VAL
�
COMPS
2
��
CONT
�
X.hand’(x )
����������������
����������������
����������������
����������������������������
H C
����������������������������
phrase
PHON
�
an, Hand
�
SYNS
�����������
LOC
�����������
CAT
�����������
HEAD 3
VAL
�
COMPS
2
��
CONT
�
X
�
V.by-means-of’(x )(V)
�����������
�����������
�����������
COLL
�
����������������������������
��������������
phrase
PHON
�
von, Prolog
�
SYNS 2
�
LOC
�
CONT prolog
� �
COLL �
��������������
H C
�����������������������������
phrase
PHON
�
an, Hand, von, Prolog
�
SYNS
�����������
LOC
�����������
CAT
�����
HEAD 3
VAL
�
COMPS
� � ������
CONT
�
V.by-means-of’(prolog)(V)
�����������
�����������
COLL �
�����������������������������
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.17
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tSummary and Outlook
We have presented syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP
combinations and have sketched the HPSG-based raising
analysis for these expressions.
Based on this analysis, we have investigated whether the
semantic representation of these expressions can be derived
combinatorial.
Applying two criteria of regularity, we have specified three
semantic classes of P N P NPs.
We have presented two HPSG-based approaches that can
account for all that data.
The raising analysis for P N P NP sequences, the external
selection approach of [Soehn 03], and the phrasal lexical entry
approach [Sailer 00] should be implemented and their
interaction tested and evaluated.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.18
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ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
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SIT
ÄT
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GE
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emin
arfu
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prac
hwis
sens
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tSummary and Outlook
We have presented syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP
combinations and have sketched the HPSG-based raising
analysis for these expressions.
Based on this analysis, we have investigated whether the
semantic representation of these expressions can be derived
combinatorial.
Applying two criteria of regularity, we have specified three
semantic classes of P N P NPs.
We have presented two HPSG-based approaches that can
account for all that data.
The raising analysis for P N P NP sequences, the external
selection approach of [Soehn 03], and the phrasal lexical entry
approach [Sailer 00] should be implemented and their
interaction tested and evaluated.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.18
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tSummary and Outlook
We have presented syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP
combinations and have sketched the HPSG-based raising
analysis for these expressions.
Based on this analysis, we have investigated whether the
semantic representation of these expressions can be derived
combinatorial.
Applying two criteria of regularity, we have specified three
semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs.
We have presented two HPSG-based approaches that can
account for all that data.
The raising analysis for P N P NP sequences, the external
selection approach of [Soehn 03], and the phrasal lexical entry
approach [Sailer 00] should be implemented and their
interaction tested and evaluated.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.18
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
NS
emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tSummary and Outlook
We have presented syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP
combinations and have sketched the HPSG-based raising
analysis for these expressions.
Based on this analysis, we have investigated whether the
semantic representation of these expressions can be derived
combinatorial.
Applying two criteria of regularity, we have specified three
semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs.
We have presented two HPSG-based approaches that can
account for all that data.
The raising analysis for P N P NP sequences, the external
selection approach of [Soehn 03], and the phrasal lexical entry
approach [Sailer 00] should be implemented and their
interaction tested and evaluated.
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.18
EB
ER
HA
RD
KA
RL
SU
NIV
ER
SIT
ÄT
TÜ
BIN
GE
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emin
arfu
rS
prac
hwis
sens
chaf
tSummary and Outlook
We have presented syntactic properties of P � N � P � NP
combinations and have sketched the HPSG-based raising
analysis for these expressions.
Based on this analysis, we have investigated whether the
semantic representation of these expressions can be derived
combinatorial.
Applying two criteria of regularity, we have specified three
semantic classes of P � N � P � NPs.
We have presented two HPSG-based approaches that can
account for all that data.
The raising analysis for P � N � P � NP sequences, the external
selection approach of [Soehn 03], and the phrasal lexical entry
approach [Sailer 00] should be implemented and their
interaction tested and evaluated.Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.18
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RD
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NIV
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ÄT
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emin
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prac
hwis
sens
chaf
t
Thank you!
Combinatorial Aspects of PPs Headed by Raising Prepositions – p.19
