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Week 4
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Assignment Review
GoalsLearn the nature and principles of verbal messages
Learn to use verbal messages more effectively
Learn to avoid sexist, heterosexist, racist and ageist language
Use nonverbal messages to communicate in a variety of ways
Use appropriate and effective types of nonverbal communication
Communicate appropriately based on gender and culture
Review: Active Listening
Paraphrase
Ask questions
Avoid interrupting
Give supportive cues
Show empathy
Maintain eye contact
Give positive feedback
Listening Differences: Culture
Language and accents may be different
The meaning of nonverbal displays vary among cultures
Tone and content of feedback varies according to person/situations
Different norms of verbals and nonverbals
Different feedback styles exist
Listening and Gender:A difference of socialization
Men
Lecture
Seek facts
Desire respect
Interrupt more often
Change topics more often
Women
Talk, not lecture
Build relationships
Want to be liked
More patient
More sensitive to emotions
Verbal Communication Skills
Words, words, and more words … how do they work?
Explain why it is that two people, having chosen the same word, will likely have two different connotative meanings for the same word.
Language and Meaning
DenotativeConnotative
Concrete Abstract
Language and Meaning
ArbitraryCulture-boundContext-boundVary in directness
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Messages are Influenced by Culture and Gender
CultureMessages are culturally influencedThe principles of:
cooperationpeaceful relationsself-denigrationdirectness
GenderVerbal messages reflect considerable gender influencesExample: Politeness
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Messages are Influenced by Culture and Gender
CultureMessages are culturally influencedThe principles of:
cooperationpeaceful relationsself-denigrationdirectness
GenderVerbal messages reflect considerable gender influencesExample: Politeness
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disconfirmation and Confirmation
Disconfirmation
Ignoring the other person’s presence and communication
Confirmation
Acknowledging the other person’s presence and attending to his/her communication
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disconfirmation and Confirmation cont…
Confirmation
Acknowledge presence and contribution of other
Make nonverbal contact
Demonstrate understanding of words and feelings
Ask questions
Encourage expression of thoughts and feelings
Disconfirmation
Ignore presence and indifferent to messages
Make no nonverbal contact
Jump to interpret and evaluate messages
Talk about self
Interrupts; make it hard for other’s expression
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Racism
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Heterosexism
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Sexism
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Sexual Harassment
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Ageism
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Ageism
How is offensive language disconfirmation?
Ableism
What are preferred cultural identifiers?How do they change based on context, situation, interactants, etc.?
Principles for Using Verbal Messages Effectively
Avoid intensional orientationAvoid allnessAvoid indiscriminationAvoid polarizationAvoid static evaluationDistinguish between facts and inferences
Word Barriers
AllnessLack of precisionBypassing
Word Barriers
AllnessLack of precisionBypassing
Word Barriers
BypassingLack of precisionAllnessStatic evaluationPolarizationIndiscrimination
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is the difference between statements of fact and inference? Why is it important to know?
