Colonization and Indepence of Usa New

8/4/2019 Colonization and Indepence of Usa New

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In 1607 a group of English settlers built a tiny hamlet in Jamestown,Virginia. Carriers of a charter of King James I of England, founded the

first colony and the first seven months after his arrival. But over time thecolony grew and prospered. Virginians discovered how to makemoney on the cultivation of snuff, which began shipping to England in1614.

In New England, the northeastern region of what is now the United

States, the English Puritans established several colonies. These settlersbelieved that the Church of England had taken too many practices ofCatholicism, and came to America fleeing persecution in Englandand lands with the intention of founding a colony based on their ownreligious ideals. A group of Puritans, known as the pilgrims crossed theAtlantic in a ship called the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth,

Massachusetts, in 1620. A much larger Puritan colony was establishedin the Boston area in 1630. For 1635, some settlers were alreadyemigrating to the nearby Connecticut.The Puritans believed that governments should enforce morality ofGod. Severely punished drinkers, adulterers, rapists Seventh Day and

heretics. In the Puritan colonies the right to vote was limited to churchmembers and ministers' salaries were paid in taxes.



All colonies shared the tradition of representative government. The Englishmonarch named many of the colonial governors, but they all should ruletogether with an elected assembly. The vote was restricted to white malelandowners, but most white men had property enough to vote. England couldnot exercise direct control over its American colonies. London was too far, and

the colonists had a very independent spirit.

Map of the Thirteen Colonies. In 1733, the British had occupied thirteen coloniesalong the Atlantic coast from New Hampshire in the north to Georgia in thesouth:

New HampshireMassachusettsRhode IslandConnecticutNueva York Nueva Jersey

PensilvaniaDelawareMarylandVirginiaCarolina del NorteCarolina del Sur

Georgia



The French controlled Canada and Louisiana, which included the entire

Mississippi River watershed, a vast empire with few inhabitants. Between1689 and 1815, France and Great Britain held several wars, and NorthAmerica was involved in each. In 1756 France and England wereengaged in the Seven Years War, known in America as the French andIndian War. The British Prime Minister William Pitt, soldiers and moneyinvested in North America and won an empire. British forces took the

Canadian strongholds Louisburg (1758), Quebec (1759) and Montreal(1760). The Peace of Paris, signed in 1763, Britain gave the rights toCanada and thr oughout North America east of the Mississippi River.England's victory led directly to a dispute with its American colonies. TheBritish government began to punish smugglers and imposed new taxes onsugar, coffee, te xtiles and other imported goods. The Quartering Act

forced the colonies to house and feed British soldiers, and with theapproval of the Stamp Act, special tax stamps were to adhere to allnewspapers, pamphlets, legal documents and licenses.

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The American Revolution was a conflict between the thirteen British colonies in NorthAmerica and their homeland: Great BrIitain. De this process would emerge a new nation,as stipulated by the Constitution of the United States of America.

During this period, the colonies united against the British Empire and into the armed conflictknown as the War of Independence of the United States (or the "American War ofIndependence"), between 1775 and 1783. This led to the Declaration of Independence ofthe United States, 1776, and victory in the battlefield October 1781.

The revolutionary era began in 1763 when the French military threat on the British coloniesin North America came to an end. Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay asubstantial part of the costs associated with maintaining the Empire, Britain imposed aseries of taxes to other laws that followed were extremely unpopular. Because the colonies

lacked elected representation in the British Parliament many colonists considered the lawsillegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. Since 1772, patriotic groups beganto create committees of correspondence that would lead to their own Provincial Congressin each of most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies,culminating in 1774 with the unification of the Continental Congress.



We, the representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,usually we go to the supreme court to make the world witness the rectitude ofour intentions. In the name and with the full power of the good people of thesecolonies solemnly we present and declare that these United Colonies are, andright to be free and independent States, that are exempt from any duty ofsubjects to the British Crown it is completely broken all political connection

between them and the State of Great Britain, and that as Free and IndependentStates, they have full Power to levy war, conclude peace, tying trade relationsand all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for strengthening of this statement, committed to the protection of divineProvidence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred Honor.

BY: Tomás Jefferson, Benjamín Franklin, John Adams."



Having achieved independence, it was very difficult to agree to all former colonies if they remained as independent states, or gathered into a single

nation. After several years of negotiations, in 1787, 55 representatives from former colonies in Congress met in Philadelphia to draft a constitution. It thus created asingle federal government with a President of the Republic and two legislativechambers (Congress and Senate) as a compromise. Also drafted the 1787Constitution, and called elections for which George Washington wasinaugurated first President of the United States.

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Colonization and Indepence of Usa New