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Mercantilism
• Colonies had a lucrative trade with England; it all revolved around a theory called mercantilism.
• Mercantilism is based on 2 ideas:
1. Obtain as much gold/silver as possible 2. Establish a favorable “balance of trade” (export or sell more than you import or buy).
The Southern Colonies
In the south, most people are turning to farming-cash crops like tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo).
The South has a distinct culture & is very rural.
Indentured servants were used as field hands. They were subject to cruel treatment & many never got their freedom.
Slavery in the Southern Colonies
• Due to a labor shortage in the south, they began to use slaves from Africa (by 1750 there were 200,000).
• Slaves were brought here on ships (thru the Triangular Trade Route) and endured the Middle Passage (long, hard journey on ships across the Atlantic).
The Northern Colonies
• The northern colonies had a diverse economy: shipping, industry, and farming.
• Most people lived in cities that were overcrowded, dirty, poor, full of diseases.
• Some did own slaves. Women were beginning to work outside the home.
Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692
• Several young girls accused a slave of witchcraft, that led to a trial in which the girls received a lot of attention.
• When it was all over 150 had been imprisoned, 19 hanged, & 6 other
deaths.
• The religious hysteria spread to
other colonies
New Ideas
• Enlightenment brought new ideas about the world. Obtain truth through experimentation & reasoning.
• Great Awakening was a religious movement in the 1730s & 40s led by Jon Edwards
• New movements in religion & science result in people questioning Britain’s control!
English rule challenged
French & Indian War • war between France & England for control of
North America. • French wanted the fur trade & allied themselves
with the Indians. • War ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris,
that said England gets all of North America east of the
Mississippi River, Spain got the western land, & France go the land in Canada.