THE ROAD TO THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE…Colonial and United States Review

to 1820

a. Identify the reasons for colonization, evaluate its impacts, and analyze the success or failure of settlements in North America

b. Analyze religious development and its significance in colonial America (e.g., religious settlements, the Great Awakening)

c. Describe significant aspects of the variety of social structures of colonial America

d. Compare the economies of the various colonies, and analyze the development and impact of indentured servitude and African slavery in North America (e.g., social, political, and economic)

e. Explain the origins and development of colonial governments

f. Evaluate the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the development of American government as embodied in the Declaration of Independence

COLONIAL AMERICA

Huge population growth from 1700-1775 (300,000-2.5

million)

Most populous colonies – Virginia,

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,

North Carolina, Maryland

Youthful population – average age by 1775 was

16

VA –establishedFor purpose of Economic profit

MA- very religious

COMPOSITION OF COLONIAL AMERICA (BESIDES BRITISH)

Germans – 6%-

Pennsylvania

Scots-Irish (Lowlanders)

– 7%Pennsylvania

Frontier

French Huguenots,

Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scotts, Scots

Highlands – 5%

Africans – 20%

2 important events paved the way for revolutionist ideas

1. 1730’s-1740’s a revival of religion which became known as the

IMPORTANCE The Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national identity to Colonial America.

The major effect of the Awakening – it encouraged people to question authority and think for themselves. Spilled over in political matters.

2. French and Indian War-1754-1763• Conflict between British and French Over land in America Importance• Colonist questioned strengthOf British army• French and Spanish lost lands • Native Americans lost ground • Proclamation of 1763 -prohibited colonists From settling lands west of Appalachian mts. • Colonist ignored this

PARLIAMENTARY ACTS AND EVENTS THAT ENRAGED COLONISTS

1764 Sugar Act – taxes on foreign

sugar

1765 Quartering

Act

1765 Stamp Act(Repealed in

1766)

1766 Declaratory Act – absolute

sovereignty over colonies

1767 Townshend Acts –tax to pay

salaries of governors and judges

March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre

British soldiers fire on citizens (Crispus

Attucks died)

1773 – TeaBoston Tea

Party

1774 Intolerable Acts-Boston Port closed-Troops in Boston

-Restriction of town meetings

April 1775Lexington and Concord

British troops fire on colonial militia

Explain the cartoon .

• Ben Franklin’s drawing is considered to be the first political cartoon inAmerican History

ASSIGNMENT1. Using maps on page 85 and 92, answer

the provided questions. The maps deal with immigrant groups in

1775 and the colonial economy.2. Using the prints of the Boston Massacre

on page 129 and the account of the massacre on pages 129-130, answer the provided questions.

ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

1st Continental Congress•1774 •Wrote letters to the King and Parliament

2nd Continental Congress•1775•Convened right after the Battle of Lexington and Concord•Appointed George Washington leader of a colonial army

1776•Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence•It was approved on July 2, 1776

Washington Crossing the Delaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

TREATY OF PARIS 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783 – formally ended

the war between the Colonists and the British

British surrender at Yorktown - 1781

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

“The World Turned Upside Down!”

WholesalePriceIndex:1770-1789

Articles of Confederation (1781-1787)

Nation’s 1st Government

Loose Confederation of

States

Congress – each state had one vote

NO PRESIDENT

NO JUDICIAL BRANCH

*9 states to pass a law

*all 13 to amend the document

*Congress couldn’t regulate trade or

enforce tax collection

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress!

Statehood achieved in three stages:

1. Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory.

2. When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.

3. When population reached 60,000 elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?

Shays’ Rebellion 1786 – no state would help Massachusetts

May 1787 – Convention to revise Articles of Confederation

Becomes Constitutional Convention (wrote a new document)

Result – calls for a Stronger federal govt

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders.

-- George Washington

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY 1787 – SEPTEMBER 1787

55 men –

lawyers, merchan

t, shippers

James Madison – Father of

Constitution

Held in secret in

Philadelphia

Absent : Thomas

Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry

ASSIGNMENT You will receive a packet with readings and

assignments on the following topics: 1. timeline of the American Revolution and activity 2. The Stamp Act 3. The Boston Tea Party 4. The Intolerable Acts 5. The First Continental Congress 6. Lexington and Concord 7. The Second Continental Congress 8. Signers of the Declaration 9. The Articles of Confederation 10. The Treaty of Paris

*This assignment is due on Wednesday

DEBATE OVER REPRESENTATION

Virginia PlanRepresentation based

on Population

New Jersey Plan

Representation based on equality

Great Compromise

Based on Equal Representation (2

per state)

Senate

Based on Population

House of Representatives

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*Presidents are elected by the Electoral College by majority vote *(if no majority, it is decided in the House of Representatives)

*3/5 Compromise – slaves counts as 3/5 of a person for representation of a state*Slave trade to end in 20 years (1807)

Key points of the

Constitution

Three Branches of Government

JudicialInterprets Laws

Executive

Carries out laws

Legislative

Makes Laws

For Constitution

The Federalist Papers were written to encourage people to support the Constitution

Federalists

Against Constitution

Wanted a Bill of Rights

Antifederalis

ts

A NEW BEGINNING

George Washington was inaugurated President on April 30, 1989 (unanimous)

Bill of Rights were approved in 1791. They were written by James Madison.

Judiciary Act 1789Set up the Supreme Court and lower Federal Courts

You will receive a copy of George Washington’s farewell in 1796.

Read the Farewell Address and annotate.

Be prepared to discuss its importance in 1796, as well as for the future.

EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

(John Adams/Thomas Jefferson)

George Washington

stepped down after his 2nd

term

1797-1801 John Adams

1801-1809Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809

Jeffersonian Era

Father of the Declaration of Independence

Began the Democratic-Republican Party 2nd Vice President of the US (Jon Adams) 1st Secretary of State under Washington Minister to France Governor of Virginia Founded University of Virginia 3rd president of the USA

How does this qualify as a primary document? What do we know about Sandy from this advertisement?

What does this advertisement tell us about Thomas Jefferson?

ASSIGNMENT1. Read Opportunity Knocks: Jefferson

Responds and answer the accompanying questions.

This document deals with the Louisiana Purchase.

2. Read The Lewis and Clark Expedition and complete the Lewis and Clark quiz.

JAMES MADISON (1809-1817)

Highlights of his presidency

War of 1812 – against Britain (burned DC) Battle of Orleans –

led by Andrew Jackson defeated British troops

Ended the Federalist Party

Encouraged growth of industry

Confirmed US a free nation

JAMES MONROE

1817-1825 Era of Good feelings

(1 political party dr) Panic of 1819- banks

fail 1819- Florida ceded

to the US from Spain Monroe Doctrine

MONROE DOCTRINE After reading about the Monroe

Doctrine, answer the following questions in your notes:

1. What was the original reason for developing the Monroe Doctrine?

2. Explain the Monroe Doctrine.

3. What was an immediate effect of the Monroe Doctrine?

SLAVERY Originally, colonies used labor known as

indentured servitude. White servants were “employed” with

passage paid to the colonies from England. There was a surplus of people needing work.

The Head right system developed. For every person provided passage to the colonies, 50 acres of land would be given to the master.

However, indentured servants weren’t ideal because eventually they were to receive freedom after years of work.

COLONIAL SLAVERY1492-1792

400,000 Africans to

North America

Captured on western

portion of Africa

Triangular trade/middle passage

By 1662, slave codes were

established in Virginia

North – trade/fishing

South – agriculture/plant

ations

SECTIONALISM IN AMERICA

South slave based agriculture

North commerce