COLONIAL AMERICACOLONIAL AMERICA

Unit IBUnit IB

AP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History

EnglandEngland

►Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval powermakes England a superior naval power

►Population increasesPopulation increases► Joint-stock companies developJoint-stock companies develop►Religious conflicts divide the nationReligious conflicts divide the nation►Weak monarchs, civil wars, and Weak monarchs, civil wars, and

revolutionsrevolutions

English ColoniesEnglish Colonies►ChartersCharters►Corporate ColonyCorporate Colony

Granted a charter to stockholdersGranted a charter to stockholders Ex. VirginiaEx. Virginia

►Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony Granted a charter to individual or groupGranted a charter to individual or group Ex. Maryland, PennsylvaniaEx. Maryland, Pennsylvania

►Royal ColonyRoyal Colony Under direct control of the monarchUnder direct control of the monarch Ex. New HampshireEx. New Hampshire Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal

colonies, including Virginia and Massachusettscolonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts

The First English ColoniesThe First English Colonies►First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585►First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607

John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat”John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat” John Rolfe - tobaccoJohn Rolfe - tobacco

Who is this?Who is this?

Oh yeah…PocahontasOh yeah…Pocahontas

Disney’s John SmithDisney’s John Smith

Hollywood’s John SmithHollywood’s John Smith

This is John Smith.This is John Smith.

PilgrimsPilgrims► Separatists to Separatists to

Holland then head Holland then head for Virginiafor Virginia

►Mayflower takes Mayflower takes Separatists and Separatists and others to others to Jamestown but Jamestown but weather weather complicates matterscomplicates matters

► Settlers decide to Settlers decide to remain and remain and establish Plymouth establish Plymouth (1620)(1620)

The Mayflower (II)The Mayflower (II)

Look, a big rock.Look, a big rock.

Wampanoag DwellingWampanoag Dwelling

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies

New EnglandNew England► Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay

Colony and Puritans Colony and Puritans (1630)(1630) John WinthropJohn Winthrop ““city upon a hill”city upon a hill”

► Rhode Island Rhode Island Providence (1636)Providence (1636)

► Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Portsmouth (1638)Portsmouth (1638)

► Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

► ConnecticutConnecticut Hartford (1637)Hartford (1637)

► Thomas HookerThomas Hooker New Haven (1638)New Haven (1638)

► New Hampshire (1679)New Hampshire (1679)

New England and ReligionNew England and Religion► Puritanical lifestyle in Puritanical lifestyle in

MassachusettsMassachusetts► Religious toleration and Religious toleration and

dissent Rhode Islanddissent Rhode Island Roger Williams and “wall of Roger Williams and “wall of

separation”separation” Anne Hutchinson and Anne Hutchinson and

AntinomianismAntinomianism

► Halfway Covenant (1662)Halfway Covenant (1662) Attempt to increase membersAttempt to increase members

► Salem Witch Trials (1692-Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)1693) 185 accused185 accused

► 141 women; 44 men141 women; 44 men 19 executed19 executed

► 14 women; 5 men14 women; 5 men

New England PoliticsNew England Politics► Fundamental Orders of Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut (1639)Connecticut (1639) First written constitution First written constitution

in Americain America

► Relations with NativesRelations with Natives New England New England

Confederation (1643-Confederation (1643-1684)1684)► Defense alliance among Defense alliance among

Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New HavenConnecticut, New Haven

► King Philip’s (Metacom) King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676)War (1675-1676)

New England New England Confederation defeats Confederation defeats Wampanoag allianceWampanoag alliance

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies► DevelopmentDevelopment

New YorkNew York► New Amsterdam New Amsterdam

transferred to Duke of transferred to Duke of York in 1664York in 1664

New Jersey (1702)New Jersey (1702) Pennsylvania settled by Pennsylvania settled by

QuakersQuakers Delaware (1702)Delaware (1702)

► EconomicsEconomics Develop wheat and Develop wheat and

corn farmscorn farms► ““Bread basket” of the Bread basket” of the

coloniescolonies Eventually into Eventually into

manufacturing and manufacturing and tradetrade

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

►William Penn (1681)William Penn (1681)► Religious Society of Religious Society of

Friends aka QuakersFriends aka Quakers►Holy ExperimentHoly Experiment

Religious refugeReligious refuge Liberal political idealsLiberal political ideals Economic successEconomic success Frame of Government Frame of Government

and Charter of and Charter of LibertiesLiberties

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

► Maryland (1634)Maryland (1634) Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore Act of Toleration (1649)Act of Toleration (1649)

► Virginia (1607)Virginia (1607)► Carolinas (1663)Carolinas (1663)

North Carolina (1729)North Carolina (1729)►TobaccoTobacco

South Carolina (1729)South Carolina (1729)►Rice and indigoRice and indigo

► Georgia (1732)Georgia (1732) James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe

VirginiaVirginia► Jamestown (1607)Jamestown (1607)► House of Burgesses in 1619House of Burgesses in 1619

First legislative assembly in First legislative assembly in the coloniesthe colonies

► Becomes royal colony in Becomes royal colony in 16241624

► Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Inequities between large Inequities between large

landowners and western landowners and western farmersfarmers

Nathanial Bacon vs. William Nathanial Bacon vs. William BerkeleyBerkeley

► Headright SystemHeadright System 50 acres to each paying 50 acres to each paying

immigrant or plantation immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrantowner who paid for immigrant

"Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.”Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.

GeorgiaGeorgia► James James

Oglethorpe Oglethorpe establishes in establishes in 17321732 Social Social

experimentexperiment

►Defensive buffer Defensive buffer to Spanish to Spanish FloridaFlorida

►Debtors colonyDebtors colony

Colonial ReligionColonial Religion► Diverse among colonies Diverse among colonies

regarding strict adherence and regarding strict adherence and religious tolerationreligious toleration

► Protestant dominantProtestant dominant Anglican ChurchAnglican Church CongregationalistCongregationalist PresbyterianPresbyterian LutheranLutheran CatholicCatholic

► The (First) Great Awakening The (First) Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)(1730s-1740s) Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards

► ““Sinners in the Hands of an Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”Angry God”

George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield EvangelismEvangelism Baptists and MethodistsBaptists and Methodists

Colonial Religion

Colonial Politics► Limited Self-

Government Elected bicameral

legislative assemblies Governors Local governments

►Voting Limited to adult male

educated and/or property owners

► Freedom of Expression John Peter Zenger Case

(1735)

Dominion of New England (1686-1689)

► Established by King James II to consolidate colonies

► Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey

► Governor Edmund Andros► Dissolution

Colonial Society And Colonial Culture

► American Social Structure Wealthy landowners Merchants Small farmers Craftspeople Slaves Regional differences

► Opportunity Less dependent on heredity

► Gender Roles Men

► Patriarchal society, landowners, workers

Women► Submissive to men but

respected, domestic responsibilities, limited to no political rights

►Becoming American Pragmatism

►Dominance of English culture

► Folkways Regional

differences

Colonial Culture - The Arts►Architecture

Early colonies centered around a church

Urban structures typical of English structures

Frontier log cabins►Literature

Newspapers Religious sermons,

political essays, non-fiction books

Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin

Colonial Culture - Education► Limited to wealthy males; females learned

domestic chores►Higher Education

Most established for ministry/theological studies►New England Colonies

Education by mothersEducation by mothers Towns with over 50 families required primary Towns with over 50 families required primary

schools; over 100 families, required grammar schools; over 100 families, required grammar schoolsschools

►Middle Colonies Private and church education

►Southern Colonies Limited education due to agricultural lifestyle

Settlement and MigrationSettlement and Migration

► 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775million in 1775

► Europeans and Africans Europeans and Africans along with a high birth ratealong with a high birth rate

► Reasons: religion; Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoileconomics; political turmoil

► English, Germans English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish Swedish OLD OLD IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS

► Africans forced to America; Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and suffered discrimination and slave laborslave labor

Colonial SlaveryColonial Slavery► Indentured servitudeIndentured servitude►Why Slaves?Why Slaves?

Increased wages in Increased wages in EnglandEngland

Labor shortages lead Labor shortages lead to importing slavesto importing slaves

Cheap laborCheap labor Dependable work Dependable work

forceforce► Slave Rebellions and Slave Rebellions and

ReactionsReactions Stono Rebellion/Cato Stono Rebellion/Cato

Rebellion (1739)Rebellion (1739) New York New York

“Conspiracy” (1741)“Conspiracy” (1741) Slave lawsSlave laws

Slave DemographicsSlave Demographics

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics► MercantilismMercantilism

Colonies for the Colonies for the “Mother Country”“Mother Country”

► Acts of NavigationActs of Navigation Trade on English Trade on English

shipsships Imports pass English Imports pass English

portsports Exports to EnglandExports to England

► Molasses Act Molasses Act (1733)(1733)

► Triangular TradeTriangular Trade Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics► MoneyMoney

Commodity money (gold/silver)Commodity money (gold/silver) Fiat money (paper currency)Fiat money (paper currency)

► TransportationTransportation Rivers and coastsRivers and coasts Horse and carriageHorse and carriage Taverns and postal servicesTaverns and postal services

► New EnglandNew England Shipbuilding and manufacturingShipbuilding and manufacturing LumberLumber Fishing and whalingFishing and whaling Merchants/TradeMerchants/Trade

► Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Wheat and cornWheat and corn LumberLumber ManufacturingManufacturing Merchants/TradeMerchants/Trade

► Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Plantation systemsPlantation systems

► Tobacco, rice, indigoTobacco, rice, indigo Forced laborForced labor

► Indentured servants and slavesIndentured servants and slaves

PUROPOSE DATE FOUNDER MAJOR EXPORT

VIRGINIA commercial 1607 Virginia CompanyJohn Smith

Tobacco

PLYMOUTH/MASSACHUSETTS

Religious refuge/commercial

1620/1628

William Bradford/Massachusetts Bay CompanyJohn Winthrop

Grain, timber

NEW YORK commercial 1613 (1664) Peter Stuveysant(Duke of York)

Furs, grain

NEW HAMPSHIRE commercial 1623 John Mason Timber, naval stores

RHODE ISLAND Religious refuge 1636 Roger Williams Grain

CONNECTICUT expansion 1635 Thomas Hooker Grain

PENNSYLVANIA Religious refuge 1681 William Penn - Quakers

Grain

DELAWARE commercial 1638 (1681) Peter Minuit/William Penn

Grain

MARYLAND Religious refuge 1634 Lord Baltimore - Catholics

Tobacco

NORTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Tobacco, timber, naval stores

SOUTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Rice, indigo, naval stores

GEORGIA Buffer, experiment 1733 James Oglethorpe Rice, timber, naval stores

() - Becomes an English colony