College of Management and Technology

Developing a pipework scanner system using EDXRD

Jamieson LockNatural Science (Physics and Chemistry)

Undergraduate

College of Management and Technology

Overview

• X-ray diffraction and its application• Defects in pipework• Previous work on project• Project aims• Initial work done towards project• Problems and steps taken to overcome

them• Where the project is going next

College of Management and Technology

X-ray diffraction

nλ = 2d sin(θ/2)

College of Management and Technology

Applications

• Inter-planar spacing of a microstructure– Phase transformations– Stresses – with high intensity X-rays

• Amorphous structure still gives result– Security – explosives in luggage– Health – cancerous tissue

• Locating possible defects in pipework

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Phases of steel

• Ferrite– Body centred cubic

• Austenite– Face centred cubic

• Martensite– Body centred tetragonal

• Chromium carbides– Simple orthorhombic

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Previous work

• Research into ADXRD and EDXRD

• EDXRD chosen – calculation heavy, but uses single detector and does not require monochromatic X-ray source

• Tungsten collimator• Brittle fracture

College of Management and Technology

Source: Development of a prototype pipework scanning system using Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction

- Bradley, Garrity, Jenneson, Vincent

College of Management and Technology

Previous error

• Vertical ribbon beams• Large angular error possible• Systematic error – calculated to be 11.5º rather

than 6.25º

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Initial state of project

• New collimator• Had not been tested

– Crack visible

• Clamp system required

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Initial work

• Clamp designs• EDM

– Electrical discharge machining

• Clamp fabrication• Operator training

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Set up

• Holder and framework set up

• Better than expected– Easily adjustable– No clips

• Errors in previous work analysed

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Initial spectra

• Spectra taken before calibration

• Heavy noise• Detector found to be

broken• CdTe → CZT• Tungsten K lines• Still no diffraction

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Detector Channel

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Future work

• Alignment problem

• Solve other problems

• Possible new collimator design

• Gain spectra for known samples

• Weld decay

• Martensitic structure

• Other phases/microstructures

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Summary

• X-ray diffraction and uses

• Defects and associated phases

• Previous work – proof of concept

• Project details

• Work so far

• Current situation

• Future aims

College of Management and Technology

Any questions?

Dr David Garrity – SupervisorDr Paul Chard-Tuckey – Group ManagerClare Scudder – Head of Nuclear Dept.Dr Ian Giles – DE&S UDS Project ManagerLewis Kiely – Fellow placement StudentSamantha Morris – Placement Co-ordinatorDr Steve Andrews – Placement TutorPaola Hayes – Health PhysicistTerry McCarthy – Lab Assistant

Thank you

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Extra slides

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Apparatus

• Varian 225 kV source

• Gulmay 3.2 kW supply

• Gulmay MP1 controller

• AmpTek XR-100T CdTe Detector– PX4 digital pulse processor

• AmpTek XR-100T CdZnTe Detector– Pocket MCA

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First design

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Alignment problem: solutions

A. Check horizontal alignment

B. Use old collimator with new holder

C. Try original aluminium collimator

Still no peaks & Collimator broke

Barely fits & Minimal flux

To be arranged

College of Management and Technology

Spectra

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College of Management and Technology

Desired peaks (austenite)

• D111 – 2.06 Å – 38.36 keV

• D200 – 1.78 Å – 44.39 keV

• D220 – 1.26 Å – 62.71 keV

• D113 – 1.07 Å – 73.90 keV

• D222 – 1.03 Å – 76.72 keV

College of Management and Technology

X-ray linearity test

X-ray tube linearity test

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