Igneous rocks are the oldest type of rocks. Deep inside the
earth where it is very hot, there is melted rock called magma. As
the magma comes up to the surface, it starts to cool and turns into
solid igneous rock.
Slide 3
All igneous rocks do not cool the same way, that is why they do
not look all the same. Depending on how the rocks cool, they are
classified as either intrusive or extrusive. Intrusive igneous rock
is formed when the magma cools slowly deep under the earths
surface, causing large crystals Extrusive igneous rock is formed
when the magma comes from the volcano and reaches the earths
surface through big cracks. The lava cools fast cause small
crystals.
Slide 4
Normally contains no fossils Rarely reacts with acid Usually
have no layering Usually made of two or more minerals May be light
or dark colored Usually made of mineral crystals of different sizes
Sometimes have openings or glass fibers May be fine-grained or
glassy (extrusive)
Slide 5
Granite Pumice Obsidian Pegmitatite
Slide 6
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are formed by sediments from
the earth pressed together. This usually occurs underwater.
Sediments are small pieces of rocks.
Slide 7
Sedimentary rocks are formed by broken pieces of rocks that
pile up. When the sediments pile up they form layers. Over a long
period of time, the pieces pile up and get pressed together to for
rocks.
Slide 8
Contain fossils most of the time React with acid Have layers
Made up of pieces cemented of pressed together Contain a variety of
colors Particle sizes are sometimes different
Slide 9
Sandstone CoalShale Limestone Examples of Sedimentary
Rocks
Slide 10
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed. They are
formed deep within the Earth. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous
and sedimentary rocks. They are the least common of the three types
of rocks.
Slide 11
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure are applied
to sedimentary and igneous rocks. The heat and pressure cooks the
rocks and changes their structure. The chemical changes that take
place are what makes the appearance of rocks very different.
Slide 12
To demonstrate how metamorphic rocks are formed, try this:
Squeeze you hands together very hard. You will begin to feel heat
and pressure. When the Earths crust moves, the heat and pressure
cause the rocks to squeeze together so hard that the rocks change
shapes.
Slide 13
There are two types of metamorphic rocks: foliated and
non-foliated. Foliated metamorphic rocks have layers, or banding.
Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks are: Slate Schist
Gneiss
Slide 14
Non-Foliated Rocks are not layered Examples of non-foliated
rocks are: Marble Quartzite
Slide 15
MarbleQuartize MarbleGneiss
Slide 16
Now its time to use what you have learned for an activity!
Slide 17
Today you will explore some rocks. Youll sort the rocks and
discuss them with your partner. See what new things you can
discover!
Slide 18
Science notebook The Observing Rocks Worksheet The Observing
Rocks Worksheet 1 hand lens 1 magnet 1 set of 12 rocks 1 cardboard
tray Yourself
Slide 19
1. Think about your senses. How many senses do you have? What
information do you get from using each one?
Slide 20
2. Explore the 12 rocks in front of you using all of your
senses except taste. Describe to your partner what you
see/feel/smell. Write the answers to the following descriptors in
each of the small boxes about each numbered rock. What is its
color? Is it magnetic? Does it have any fossils?
Slide 21
3. Next, sort the rocks any way you choose. Think about why you
sorted them that way. Share with your partner. Write down the way
you sorted them in Box 2 of your worksheet.
Slide 22
4. Discuss with your partner the reasons you grouped your rocks
how you did. Can they be sorted another way? Put the rocks back in
the middle and find another way to separate them. Write down the
second way you separated the rocks in Box 3 on the worksheet.
Slide 23
5. Review how you separated the rocks. Write down the
properties/ the ways you described and separated the rocks on the
lines at the bottom of your paper.
Slide 24
Here are two links to lessons/activities about rocks
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips
/ages/7_8/rocks_soils.shtml - This website allows you to virtually
test different properties of rocks.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips
/ages/7_8/rocks_soils.shtml http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-
bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=9686 This is a link to a Magic School Bus
episode about rocks and erosion. http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-
bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=9686
Slide 25
Here are two links to lessons/activities about rocks
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips
/ages/7_8/rocks_soils.shtml - This website allows you to virtually
test different properties of rocks.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips
/ages/7_8/rocks_soils.shtml http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-
bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=9686 This is a link to a Magic School Bus
episode about rocks and erosion. http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-
bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=9686