COLLECTIVISATION

New Economic Policy• Proposed by Lenin.• Followed period of ‘War Communism’.

• Mixed economy introduced, allowed individuals to own small enterprises.

• State controlled banks, trade and large industries.

• Encouraged peasants to increase production.

Stalin ascends to power• 1928 Stalin removes the NEP.• Introduction of Collectivization and Industrialization.

Collectivization• Grain Crisis: 1928

• Stalin announced that the USSR were two million tonnes short of grain needed for feeding the workers in the cities.

• Stalin’s solution:• All farms to be collectivized. This means farms were no longer owned by private citizens.

• Kolkhoz: collective farms• Sovkhoz: state farms

Industrialisation• Stalin realised that if Russia were to become a key global player, the country needed to industrialise rapidly.

• To do this, he introduced the 5 year plans.

How they worked:

1. GOSPLAN (State Planning Commission) set overall targets for each industry.

2. Each region was told its targets.3. The region set targets for each mine,

factory, etc.4. The manager of each mine, factory, etc,

set targets for each foreman.5. The foreman set targets for each shift

and even for individual workers.

Task:• Outline the following:

• WHY were these policies introduced?

• WHAT was the impact of them?

• WERE they successful?