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Collection, taxonomic identification
and cropping methodologies
development for some species of
Capsicum in Bolivia
Teresa Avila1, Margoth Atahuachi1, Ximena Reyes1, Tito Claure1
and Maarten Van Zonneveld2 1 Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogeneticas de Pairumani, Bolivia
2 Bioversity International, Colombia
C. annuum
C. baccatum
C. chinense
C. frutescens
C. pubescens
C. caballeroi
C. cardenasii
C. ceratocalyx
C. chacoense
C. eximium
C. minutiflorum
Bolivia is Center of Origin for the genus Capsicum, having a
wide genetic diversity. The Pairumani Phytoecogenetic
Research Center (CIFP) has a working collection of cultivated
and wild species collected in the whole country.
New collecting missions
In the workframe of the project “Rescue and
promotion of native hot-peppers in their centers
of origin”, financed by the GIZ and being carried
by partners from Bolivia, Peru, Germany and
Bioversity International, there were carried out
four collecting missions in order to enrich the
current collection with new species recently
described and also to cover some areas where
no collects were done before.
There were four collecting missions: 1) the dry valleys of
Chuquisaca and Cochabamba, 2) the valleys of Santa Cruz, 3)
the low-lands of Santa Cruz and 4) in the Yungas of La Paz.
Yungas of La Paz
Dry valleys of Cochabamba
Valleys of Santa Cruz
Fruits and herbarium samples were collected from 109 ecotypes belonging to the cultivated specie Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum and to the wild species: Capsicum eximium, C. caballeroi, C. chacoense, C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. minutiflorum, C. ceratocalyx and C. cardenasii.
Collected samples
The cultivated hot-pepper
samples were obtained from
the farmers’ backyards and
family gardens.
The wild ecotypes were
collected mainly within native
vegetation, although C.
ceratocalyx was found within
coca plantations even tough
not so frequently.
Farmers don’t plant wild
species, they just collect the
fruits for their consumption and
some plants are found
surrounding their houses.
According to the farmers, C. baccatum var. baccatum, C.
eximium and C. cardenasii are appreciated by their special
flavors and the fruits collected are sold on cities, where they
have a growing demand.
Taxonomic identification was done from plants grown in the
field. Herbarium samples were taken, and these together
with the plant samples taken from the field trips, were
studied to confirm their taxonomic identity.
Problems for taxonomic identification.
These samples were deposited on the “Martin Cardenas’
National Herbarium” in Cochabamba City (Bolivia).
Taxonomic identification
There is a wide
variation in shapes
and colors for fruits
Refreshment and multiplication
The new collected accessions as well as the collection
conserved in the CIFP, were both planted for refreshment
and multiplication at three locations, according to their
corresponding native environment:
• Valleys above 2000 m.a.s.l. (Cochabamba)
• Meso-termic valleys between 1000 - 1400 m.a.s.l.
(Mairana)
• Tropical low-lands below 700 m.a.s.l. (Santa Cruz)
.
The accessions were characterized trough morphological
records using Bioversity (IPGRI) descriptors for Capsicum.
Morphological characterization
• The wild types have shown cropping characteristics different
than the cultivated ones e.g. longer germination time, longer
vegetative period and also a longer time up to fruiting, even
tough in some cases the wild types didn’t produced any fruit
even a year after planting.
Cultivating wild species
• Cropping methodologies
were adjusted, including
seedling conditions and
transplant.
First transplant
Field planting
Growing plants
Fruiting plants
Fruit drying
Biochemical analysis
Biochemical profile was done on representative samples of the collection.
Wuppertal University, Germany
There were found some accessions with remarkable biochemical
characteristics as high Fat g/100g as indicator for high vitamin E content.
Also high Vitamin C content and antioxidants, among other characteristics.
• There was developed a modified DNA
extraction method, suitable for the local
materials collected.
• All the 390 accessions were amplified using 20
microsatellites and visualized on polyacrylamide
gels at 4%.
• Results will be used for a diversity study, and
will be compared to morphological
characterization and geographical distribution.
Molecular analysis
Molecular analysis
• Before the project there are 387 accessions
maintained in CIFP´s work collection.
• With the project, 109 new accessions were added
including new species and wild relatives.
• The whole work collection was morphologically
and molecularly characterized.
• There was done a pre-breeding work, selecting 35
accessions, and from those it is expected to
release 5 accessions for farmer’s use.
Conclusions
Thank you