COLLECTION SPUTUM AFB

SPUTUM AFB?

WHAT: SPUTUM ACID FAST BACILUS

INDICATION:1.To detect mycobacterial infection.2.To diagnose TB (mycobacterium TB)3.Monitor effectiveness of treatment.

TYPE OF TB

1.TB of the abdomen2. TB Meningitis 3.TB Pulmonary 4. TB of the Spine 5.TB of the Lymph Glands

SYMPTOM

• SYMPTOM LUNG INFECTION:• 1.Chronic cough• 2.Weight loss• 3.Fever• 4.Chills• 5.Weakness

WHEN?

• The best time, but not the only time, to collect a sputum specimen is upon awakening in the morning. When more than one specimen is required they will be collected on different days. Any specimens collected in one day will count as one specimen.

PRECAUTION

Precautions to keep the specimen out of sunlight at all times will be taken because ultraviolet light kills the TB bacteria and exposure to sunlight could alter the test result. After specimen collection the container should be shielded from sunlight during transport into the facility.

PREPARATION:

1.Bottle for sputum collection2. Blue colour form 3.Gloves *Label innermost tube with patient name and

date of birth before obtaining specimens and before giving container to patient.

IMPLEMENTATION

1.Wash hand.2.Greet client and explain procedure.3.Provide privacy.4.Identify client by checking ID band.5.Give bottle for sputum collection.

HOW?

• .. The client will take several deep breaths in a row and after the last deep breath the client should cough as hard as possible into the container. The specimen should not contain saliva or nasal secretions.

PROCEDURE

Instruct patient to: 1.Specimen collection should be done without

the client rinsing the mouth or brushing teeth.2.The client should be instructed to sit or stand

and open the specimen container3.Inhale deeply 2-3 times, breathe out hard each

time. 4.Cough deeply from the chest.

CON’T…

• Place the open container close to the mouth to collect the specimen.

• Avoid contaminating the inside of the container and lid.

• If the patient is unable to raise early morning sputum, suggest that he/she stand or sit in a steamy environment for 15 minutes first by running hot water in the shower. If that still fails, obtain a physician’s order for sputum induction.

EVALUATION

• 1.Trace lab results ( AFB within 24hours) -to implement appropriate follow up nursing

intervention.• 2.Analyse the result. -to report any abnormalities to the doctor.