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Colibacillosis
F5+ group of E.coliPili serogroups K99, K88, F41, 987P, F18. ST and LT enterotoxinsInadequate colostrumSow agalactiaViruses, coccidia
Clinical signs colibacillosisNursing attempts by littermatesDiarrhea- non odorous, non bloodyShivering, coldPiling upDehydrationDifferentiate:
Septicemia Clostridium perfringens type C Coccidiosis Edema disease
Treatment of colibacillosis
Intraperitoneal glucose, fluidsOral gentamicin, neomycinProvide supplemental food
Feeding neonates 10 to 30% of body weight Gavage Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or cream Supplemental solid starter with plasma PROVIDE WATER
Alkaline stool pH (>7.4)
Prevention of colibacillosisCount teats/piglets-cross fosterCull sows with MMA, check sow dietsDietary changesVaccinate
Commercial vaccines Autogenous bacterins Autocthonous vaccination
Warmth, hygeineDelay iron injections
Swine edema disease
Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned pigletsFastest growing pigsSporadic, and then endemic; 5 to 45%
morbidityEtiology - enteric toxemic E. coliBacterium survives in moist crevices, water
nipplesHigh soy protein diet
Swine edema disease
E. coli F18+ secretes verotoxin VT2eAttaches to enterocyte receptorsEnterocyte receptors unexpressed in
sucklersToxin absorbed produces edema 5 to 45% case attack rateBacteria survive disinfection
Edema disease SignsPeracute form
Found Dead Swelling around eyes
Acute form Squealing Circling or pivoting Convulsions Normothermic Facial and subcutaneous edema Diarrhea
Management of Edema Disease 100% mortality- Treatment in ineffective Susceptibility of E. coli needed Food additive- Tetracycline, Spectinomycin, Mecadox Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein 20% oats in feed Autogenous bacterin Water based modified live vaccine Purchase F18+ resistant pigs Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary ammonium,
Clorox in waterers
Transmissible Gastroenteritis(TGE)Acute epizootic disease of swine.Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and
agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 daysPiglets - Severe intractable diarrhea,
dehydration. Acidic stool pH~100% death losses in piglets; 0% losses in
sows
TGE FactsEtiology = Corona virus 1 gene different from the respiratory corona
virus of swineLabile at 72 C, stable at freezingWell managed herdsClinical course = 2 to 3 daysSows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks Infection becomes sporadic after initial
outbreak
More on TGEVillus denuded, and lactose unabsorbedOsmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal villiImmunity due to lactogenic IgAVaccines stimulate IgGBirds, mice, rats, dogs, cats, veterinarians
feed trucks can transmitEliminate with test and eradicate, all in all
out, MEW or SPF pig facility.
TGE Lesions
Normal
• TGE
TGE
Coccidiosis Patency early in
swine (1 to 3 weeks) Isospora suis 4 to 5 day life cycle in
pigs. Oocysts infective by 12 hours in summer
20% mortality, sporadic infections
Check all diarrheas with a fecal flotation
Amprolium treatmentFarrowing crate sanitation critical
Students:
How would you differentiate:Colibacillosis from coccidiosis?Colibacillosis from edema disease?Edema disease from coccidiosis?Edema disease from Clostridium
perfringens type C?
Clostridium perfringens type C
Sharp demarcation
Acute diarrhea and death< 1week of age 5 to 20% morbidity
Infection from dam shortly after birthJejunal proliferation Intestinal necrosisFibrinous bloody diarrheaPeracute death (100%)PeritonitisMass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulinVaccinate sows; antiserum to piglets
good
bad
ugly
Ascaris suum (roundworm) Thick shelled egg long lived in
soil Development and 1 molt L2 in
egg Ingested (native or worm) molts
in small intestine Burrows goes to liver and molts
L3 Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy),
coughed Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults
Sowschwitz
Normal pig
Milk spots Hepatic fibrosis
Lung lesions
Adult Ascarids
Clinical signs ascarids
UnthriftyCoughThumpsAscitesClay colored stoolWorms in stool or vomitusColic, obstipation, Jaundice
Diagnosis and treatment of ascariasis
Fecal egg count (>500 epg)NecropsyTreat L2’s with pyrantelL3’s in liver with fenbendazoleL3’s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazoleL4’s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel,
fenbendazole, dichlorvosAdults with any of the above plus piperazine
Prevention ascarids
Worm and shampoo sows prior to farrowing
Wean piglets at 3 weeks of ageBanminthClean pens and pastures Q3 weeksRotate pastures Q 3 weeks
Trichuris suis
Extremely commonPastured pigs21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent
infections, cramping, bloody scoursMostly asymptomaticDirect life cycleAtgard, fenbendazoleRaise pigs on concrete
Swine salmonellosisCommon among feeder pigsMixed source groups are particularly at risk3 types:
S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours, rectal strictures
S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours secondary to Hog Cholera
S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted granulomatous colitis and pneumonia
Clinical signs of swine salmonellosis
Fever, purplish lividityBloody scours Acute deathRectal stricturePyogranulomatous
colitis
Treatment/management salmonellosis
Treat with Ceftiofur or NuflorSegregate or euthanize affected pigs All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect
premises with bleachAutogenous bacterinPot bellied pigs may be treated with
amikacin, timentin.
Lawsonia intracellularis
Common small intestinal disease (96% herds positive)
Swine, horses, late feeder periodSyn = Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic
enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative ileitis, proliferative enteritis
Gram negative, obligate intracellular desulfovibrio family
Lawsonia infection Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed, growers adults
affected, stress relatedClinical forms
“Johne’s like” form of chronic wasting, hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool
Acute fevers scours, with or without hematochezia. Mortality >10%.
Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine
Pathologic lesion = thickened intestine; PCR test diagnostic
Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin
“Hosepipe gut”
Swine dysentery
Highly contagiousFeeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adultsPrevalent in CaliforniaLarge bowel infection by Serpulina
(Brachyspira) hyodysenteriaeIntestinal anaerobes enhance disease
Swine dysenterySerpulina survives in manure 6 to 8 wks
@<30F, and for 1 to 2 hr >98F In dogs for months, birds, mice, and humansIn pigs for yearsClinical signs
Acute, fever, bloody scours Fibrinous casts Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears Exsanguination (15 to 50% mortality)
Diagnosis swine dysenteryCecal scrapings
darkfield - spiral shaped bacteria
Victoria Blue R stains of intestinal sections
Differentiate from Serpulina pilosocoli and S. innocens
6 Strains of S. hyos.Hemolysin and
enterotoxin
Pathologic lesions restricted to colon
Treatment of Swine Dysentery
TiamulinMecadoxLincomycinVirginiamycinNOT dimetridazoleInjection of lincocin for sick pigsDrug delayed-enhanced forms of disease
Control of swine dysentery
Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control essential
Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 daysShampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5%
CloroxMove to new penFumigate or quaternary ammonium
disinfectants
Gastric ulcersPallor
Stool
Feeder pigs and boarsCause unknown“Coffee grounds” vomitusScant “road ashpalt” stoolPallor, and depressionCharacteristic blood loss
hemogram
Peach pitsSkewersSofa cushionTar paperChristmas wrappingDead babies
Intestinal Obstructions
Signs of obstructions
ColicLethargyObstipationVomitionAnorexiaTachycardia