Cold WeatherCold Weather

HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA

HypothermiaHypothermia– When the body’s temp drops below 95When the body’s temp drops below 95– Symptoms: shivering, slurred speech, Symptoms: shivering, slurred speech,

confusion, loss of motor control and confusion, loss of motor control and memorymemory

TXTX– Warm up! Get out of wet clothes Warm up! Get out of wet clothes – No improvement in 10 minutes? –No improvement in 10 minutes? –

EMS!EMS!

FrostbiteFrostbite

The freezing of skin and other tissues The freezing of skin and other tissues that results in reduced blood flowthat results in reduced blood flow– Permanent damage to the tissuePermanent damage to the tissue

Symptoms:Symptoms:– Aching, tingling, numbness, Aching, tingling, numbness,

white/grayish skin that is hard and white/grayish skin that is hard and crustycrusty

TXTX– SLOWLY warm the affected body partSLOWLY warm the affected body part

Medical ConditionsMedical Conditions

What is Diabetes?What is Diabetes?

Chronic DiseaseChronic Disease Inability to produce or use insulinInability to produce or use insulin Different Types: Different Types:

– Type IType I– Type IIType II– Insulin

Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms

ThirstThirst UrinationUrination HungerHunger WeightWeight Fatigue & lethargyFatigue & lethargy Blurred vision, headacheBlurred vision, headache Nausea, vomiting, abdominal painNausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

Controlling DiabetesControlling Diabetes

80-120 normal range80-120 normal range Balance food, exercise and insulinBalance food, exercise and insulin Test with glucometerTest with glucometer

– Before meals Before meals – At bedtimeAt bedtime– When symptomaticWhen symptomatic– Before/after exerciseBefore/after exercise

DIABETES TREATMENTDIABETES TREATMENT

Meal planning – counting Meal planning – counting carbohydratescarbohydrates

Insulin administrationInsulin administration– InjectionInjection– PenPen– PumpPump

Too much insulinToo much insulin More exercise than usualMore exercise than usual Not enough foodNot enough food

– Missed snack or mealMissed snack or meal

OnsetOnset– SuddenSudden– Can lead to unconsciousness Can lead to unconsciousness

and/or seizuresand/or seizures

HYPOGLYCEMIAHYPOGLYCEMIA

Symptoms of HypoglycemiaSymptoms of Hypoglycemia

Shakiness and/or tremblingShakiness and/or trembling PalenessPaleness SweatingSweating Rapid pulseRapid pulse HungerHunger Irritability, cryingIrritability, crying

Symptoms of HypoglycemiaSymptoms of Hypoglycemia

Poor coordinationPoor coordination DizzinessDizziness Fatigue, sleepinessFatigue, sleepiness HeadacheHeadache Slurred speechSlurred speech Lack of concentration, Lack of concentration,

daydreamingdaydreaming

Treating HypoglycemiaTreating Hypoglycemia

Follow care planFollow care plan Do not leave child aloneDo not leave child alone Test blood glucoseTest blood glucose Give fast-acting glucoseGive fast-acting glucose

TreatingTreating HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia

Rest 15 minutes under Rest 15 minutes under observationobservation

Recheck blood sugarRecheck blood sugar If BS still If BS still repeat Rxrepeat Rx If BS normal give snack in 30 If BS normal give snack in 30

minutesminutes

TreatmentTreatment for Hypoglycemiafor Hypoglycemia

1 tube glucose gel1 tube glucose gel Cake icing in a Cake icing in a

tubetube 3 glucose tablets 3 glucose tablets Fruit juice: 4-6 ozFruit juice: 4-6 oz Soda (not diet): 4-6 Soda (not diet): 4-6

oz oz 5 Sugar cubes 5 Sugar cubes 1 pack of sugar1 pack of sugar

5 Lifesavers5 Lifesavers 2-3 hard candies2-3 hard candies 1 Fruit Roll-Up 1 Fruit Roll-Up 1 box of raisins 1 box of raisins

(2 oz.) (2 oz.) 2 small cookies 2 small cookies 2 teaspoon 2 teaspoon

honeyhoney

Complex Snacks:Complex Snacks:Slow Acting CarbohydrateSlow Acting Carbohydrate

MilkMilk 1/2 meat/cheese or 1/2 meat/cheese or

peanut butter peanut butter sandwichsandwich

4-5 Crackers with cheese 4-5 Crackers with cheese or peanut butter or peanut butter

What CausesWhat Causes Hyperglycemia? Hyperglycemia?

Too much foodToo much food Too little insulin or oral medicationToo little insulin or oral medication Illness/infectionIllness/infection Stress Stress Expired insulin Expired insulin

OnsetOnset– Gradual Gradual – Can progress into comaCan progress into coma

Symptoms of HyperglycemiaSymptoms of Hyperglycemia

Frequent Frequent urinationurination

Excessive thirstExcessive thirst Fatigue, Fatigue,

weaknessweakness Blurred visionBlurred vision Dry skinDry skin

HungerHunger NauseaNausea Stomach acheStomach ache Poor Poor

concentrationconcentration HeadacheHeadache

Treating Treating HyperglycemiaHyperglycemia

Follow care Follow care planplan

Check blood Check blood sugarsugar

If blood sugar is If blood sugar is over acceptable over acceptable limits notify limits notify parent.parent.

Encourage a lot Encourage a lot of waterof water

Exercise maybe Exercise maybe acceptable if acceptable if ketones are ketones are notnot present (check present (check plan)plan)

REVIEWREVIEW Give water if BS Give water if BS Encourage exercise per care plan Encourage exercise per care plan Never leave child alone & send to ClinicNever leave child alone & send to Clinic Give fast acting CHO if BS Give fast acting CHO if BS

– Recheck blood sugar in 15 minutesRecheck blood sugar in 15 minutes Keep extra fast-acting glucose in Keep extra fast-acting glucose in

area/classroom area/classroom When in doubt, When in doubt, GIVE SUGAR!GIVE SUGAR!

Severe Allergic Severe Allergic Reactions Reactions

What is anaphylactic What is anaphylactic shock?shock? A severe allergic reactionA severe allergic reaction A person is exposed to an allergenA person is exposed to an allergen The allergen enters the The allergen enters the

bloodstreambloodstream It releases chemicals that cause a It releases chemicals that cause a

histamine responsehistamine response Can result in death if not treated Can result in death if not treated

immediatelyimmediately

What are people What are people allergic to?allergic to? Stings: fire Stings: fire

ants, bees, ants, bees, wasps, etc.wasps, etc.

Foods: Foods: peanuts, milk, peanuts, milk, soy, eggs, etc.soy, eggs, etc.

ExerciseExercise

LatexLatex SmokeSmoke Medications: Medications:

penicillin penicillin drugs, sulfa drugs, sulfa drugs, etc.drugs, etc.

How long until we see How long until we see symptoms?symptoms?

May appear within a few seconds May appear within a few seconds or up to two hours after exposureor up to two hours after exposure

Time between exposure and Time between exposure and reactions lessens with each reactions lessens with each exposureexposure

What symptoms do I What symptoms do I look for?look for? Mouth: itching, Mouth: itching,

swelling of swelling of lips,tongue,mouthlips,tongue,mouth

Throat: itching, Throat: itching, tightness, tightness, hoarsenesshoarseness

Skin: hives, Skin: hives, rash,swelling of face, rash,swelling of face, hands, feethands, feet

Emotions: impending Emotions: impending doom.doom.

Lungs: shortness of Lungs: shortness of breath, coughing, breath, coughing, wheezingwheezing

Abdomen: nausea, Abdomen: nausea, cramps, vomitingcramps, vomiting

Heart: “passing Heart: “passing out”, thready pulseout”, thready pulse

Head: headache, Head: headache, loss of loss of consciousnessconsciousness

TreatmentTreatment

Epipen or Epipen Jr.Epipen or Epipen Jr. Works directly on the heart and lungsWorks directly on the heart and lungs Reverses possible fatal effects of an Reverses possible fatal effects of an

allergic reactionallergic reaction Constricts blood vessels, relaxes musclesConstricts blood vessels, relaxes muscles Reverses swelling and stimulates the Reverses swelling and stimulates the

heartbeat.heartbeat. Opens the airway, speeds the flow of Opens the airway, speeds the flow of

oxygen to the bodyoxygen to the body

EpipenEpipen

Preloaded single dose of Preloaded single dose of epinephrineepinephrine

Can be self administeredCan be self administered Auto-injectedAuto-injected Needle is concealed, and will Needle is concealed, and will

pierce through clothespierce through clothes If accidentally given, will not harm If accidentally given, will not harm

anyoneanyone

PreventionPrevention

Have a planHave a plan Be familiar with the care planBe familiar with the care plan Know where the epipen is and how Know where the epipen is and how

to use itto use it Work together as a team Work together as a team

(administrators, teachers, (administrators, teachers, counselors, school nurses, etc.)counselors, school nurses, etc.)

Teachers: Put info in sub folder Teachers: Put info in sub folder

AsthmaAsthma

Asthma.pptx

Seizure Seizure DisordersDisorders

What is Epilepsy?What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological Epilepsy is a neurological condition that produces condition that produces disturbances in disturbances in normal electrical normal electrical function of the brain. function of the brain.

Epilepsy, a word of Greek Epilepsy, a word of Greek origin meaning “to hold or seize”.origin meaning “to hold or seize”.

Causes of EpilepsyCauses of Epilepsy

FamilialFamilial Association with Association with

other other neurological neurological disordersdisorders

Injury, infections Injury, infections or other damage or other damage to the brainto the brain

Other medical Other medical conditions that can conditions that can cause seizurescause seizures High FeverHigh Fever Severe InfectionsSevere Infections DiabetesDiabetes Head InjuryHead Injury Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion PoisoningPoisoning Pregnancy Pregnancy

ComplicationsComplications

Types of SeizuresTypes of Seizures

Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) Generalized absence seizures (petit Generalized absence seizures (petit

mal) mal) Simple partial seizures (focal seizures)Simple partial seizures (focal seizures) Complex Complex

partial seizures partial seizures (psychomotor (psychomotor or temporal or temporal lobe seizures)lobe seizures)

First Aid for SeizuresFirst Aid for Seizures

Loosen tight necktie.Cushion Head

TURN ON SIDE Nothing in Mouth.

Cushion Head

Loosen Tight Necktie

Nothing in Mouth

First Aid for SeizuresFirst Aid for Seizures

Look for I.D. Don’t hold down.

As seizure ends … offer help

Immediate Medical Immediate Medical AttentionAttention

Child has a seizure with no known Child has a seizure with no known history of epilepsyhistory of epilepsy

Seizure lasts more than 5 minutesSeizure lasts more than 5 minutes Child immediately has another Child immediately has another

seizureseizure Consciousness does not Consciousness does not

return after seizure return after seizure endsends

Immediate Medical Immediate Medical AttentionAttention Child hits his head with force Child hits his head with force

during the seizureduring the seizure Pupils of uneven size or dilatedPupils of uneven size or dilated Difficult in rousing after 20 Difficult in rousing after 20

minutesminutes Vision problems afterwardsVision problems afterwards Persistent severe headachePersistent severe headache

What other things you What other things you can do to helpcan do to help Stay calmStay calm Provide privacy/coverProvide privacy/cover Note:Note:

– events leading up to seizureevents leading up to seizure– how the person acted during how the person acted during

seizureseizure– length of seizurelength of seizure– person’s response after seizureperson’s response after seizure

What to expect after a What to expect after a seizureseizure ConfusedConfused HeadacheHeadache Drowsy Drowsy TiredTired Memory LossMemory Loss EmbarrassedEmbarrassed

Medication Side Medication Side EffectsEffects

sleepinesssleepiness distractibilitydistractibility learning difficultieslearning difficulties nausea, no appetitenausea, no appetite dizzinessdizziness tremorstremors slurred speechslurred speech blurred visionblurred vision

TriggersTriggers

Lack of or disrupted sleepLack of or disrupted sleep Test takingTest taking Family DisruptionsFamily Disruptions Other IllnessesOther Illnesses