Upload
joshigauta
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
1/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
2/71
CHARACTERSTIC OF COLD WATERCHARACTERSTIC OF COLD WATER
Highly condenseHighly condense
High oxygen concentrationHigh oxygen concentration
More inorganic soilMore inorganic soil
Low concentration of carbon di oxideLow concentration of carbon di oxide
Sparse vegetationSparse vegetation
Sparse foodSparse food
Low fertilityLow fertility
High transparencyHigh transparency
Rocky to pebble bottomRocky to pebble bottomHigh gradientHigh gradient
Fast water flowFast water flow
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
3/71
REQUISITE FOR COLD WATER FISH FARMREQUISITE FOR COLD WATER FISH FARM
SOURCE OF WATERSOURCE OF WATER
RiverRiver
StreamStream
LakeLake
springspring
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
4/71
The water from river and stream posses aThe water from river and stream posses a
problem of wide ranging fluctuation inproblem of wide ranging fluctuation in
temperature (0temperature (0--2525OOC) and also carried siltC) and also carried siltloadload..
In the lake water of middle depth isIn the lake water of middle depth is
suitable but it requires a mechanicalsuitable but it requires a mechanicaldevice to lift the water.device to lift the water.
Water from the spring is considered moreWater from the spring is considered more
suitable with little fluctuation insuitable with little fluctuation intemperature (8.0temperature (8.0--15.015.0OOC) all the yearC) all the year
around.around.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
5/71
WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY
PARAMETERSPARAMETERS TROUTTROUT MAHSEERMAHSEER
Temperature (Temperature (OOC)C) 66--1818 2020--2525
Suspended solidsSuspended solids
(ppm)(ppm)
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
6/71
DESIGN OF COLD WATER FISHDESIGN OF COLD WATER FISH
FARMFARM
Based on flow through or running water system.Based on flow through or running water system.Tanks are generally brick line, cemented with RCCTanks are generally brick line, cemented with RCCflooring.flooring.
Tanks may be rectangular, hexagonal and evenTanks may be rectangular, hexagonal and evencircular in shape.circular in shape.
Depth of tanks should be
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
7/71
CULTURE OPERATIONCULTURE OPERATION
The most important steps involved in culture ofThe most important steps involved in culture of
cold water fishes arecold water fishes are--
Care of broodersCare of brooders
Induced breedingInduced breeding
FertilizationFertilization
Incubation and hatchingIncubation and hatching
Rearing of fry and fingerlings in nursery pondsRearing of fry and fingerlings in nursery ponds
Rearing of one year old fish in growing pondsRearing of one year old fish in growing ponds
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
8/71
CARE OF BROOD STOCKCARE OF BROOD STOCK
Success of farming will depends on the quality ofSuccess of farming will depends on the quality ofbrood fish stock available.brood fish stock available.
Brood stock should be maintain by giving theBrood stock should be maintain by giving the
nutritive diet consisting wet & dry ingredients.nutritive diet consisting wet & dry ingredients.
Pellets are made with binder so that they do notPellets are made with binder so that they do notdisintegrate quickly in water.disintegrate quickly in water.
The rate of feeding will be strictly govern byThe rate of feeding will be strictly govern byprevailing temperature.prevailing temperature.
The rate of feed given to the brood stock perThe rate of feed given to the brood stock perday will decrease with the fall in temperature.day will decrease with the fall in temperature.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
9/71
INDUCED BREEDING/STRIPPINGINDUCED BREEDING/STRIPPING
It is carried out when fish is mature & fullyIt is carried out when fish is mature & fully
ripe.ripe.
The artificial act of obtaining the eggs fromT
he artificial act of obtaining the eggs fromfemale and sperm from male is calledfemale and sperm from male is called
stripping.stripping.
For stripping tub, mug, bucket, eggsFor stripping tub, mug, bucket, eggs
receptacles, 3% common salt solution (usedreceptacles, 3% common salt solution (used
as prophylactic) are required.as prophylactic) are required.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
10/71
Method of strippingMethod of stripping
OneOne--man methodman method
Two men methodTwo men method
Incision methodIncision methodAustralian methodAustralian method
Among themAmong them two men methodtwo men method isis
most convenient.most convenient.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
11/71
Two men method of strippingTwo men method of stripping In this method one man holds the mature fish & other performs the eggIn this method one man holds the mature fish & other performs the egg--
taking operation.taking operation.
The holder wears gloves in both hands and grasps the fish by the caudalThe holder wears gloves in both hands and grasps the fish by the caudalpeduncle with one hand and pectoral fin with the other hand.peduncle with one hand and pectoral fin with the other hand.
The holder then moves the fish over the dry eggThe holder then moves the fish over the dry egg--taking pan.taking pan.
With the fish held tail end down, so that the ripe eggs flow by gravity towardsWith the fish held tail end down, so that the ripe eggs flow by gravity towardsthe vent, the spawn taker , who sits at the opposite end, gently presses outthe vent, the spawn taker , who sits at the opposite end, gently presses outthe eggs with the help of his thumb and forethe eggs with the help of his thumb and fore--finger beginning to apply gentlefinger beginning to apply gentlepressure, a little anterior to the vent.pressure, a little anterior to the vent.
The spawn taker's hand is then moved further anterior and gentle pressureThe spawn taker's hand is then moved further anterior and gentle pressureis continued to be applied as necessary to assist the natural release of eggs,is continued to be applied as necessary to assist the natural release of eggs,till all that oozes freely from the fish, is obtained.till all that oozes freely from the fish, is obtained.
Pressure should not be applied anterior to the ventral fins, lest it injures thePressure should not be applied anterior to the ventral fins, lest it injures theheart & the liver of the fishheart & the liver of the fish
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
12/71
continuedcontinued
Immediately after stripping the female, theImmediately after stripping the female, themale is stripped of milt which is spreadmale is stripped of milt which is spreadover the eggs with the bird feather toover the eggs with the bird feather toensure sent% fertilization.ensure sent% fertilization.
After 5After 5--10 minutes the excess of milt and10 minutes the excess of milt andforeign particles are removed by repeatedforeign particles are removed by repeated
washing with clean water.washing with clean water.After cleaning operation eggs are allowedAfter cleaning operation eggs are allowed
to stand in small quantity of water till theyto stand in small quantity of water till theybecome hard to estimate the rate ofbecome hard to estimate the rate of
fertilization.fertilization.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
13/71
TWO MEN METHOD OFTWO MEN METHOD OF
STRIPPINGSTRIPPING
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
14/71
Estimation of fertilization rateEstimation of fertilization rate
After hardening, the eggs are taken & keptAfter hardening, the eggs are taken & kept
in 5% glacial acetic acid for about 24 hrs.in 5% glacial acetic acid for about 24 hrs.
In this treatment nonviable eggs becomeIn this treatment nonviable eggs become
transparent and viable eggs becometransparent and viable eggs become
translucent.translucent.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
15/71
Transfer of eggsTransfer of eggs
After fertilization eggs are ready to transfer inAfter fertilization eggs are ready to transfer inhatching trough & trays.hatching trough & trays.
Hatching trough &Hatching trough & traystrays--These are made up ofThese are made up of
wood, cement, GI sheet, rein force plastic.wood, cement, GI sheet, rein force plastic.
The dimension of hatching troughs ranges betweenThe dimension of hatching troughs ranges between200x33x10 cm and 400x90x60 cm in hatcheries of200x33x10 cm and 400x90x60 cm in hatcheries of
Kashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, UP, Tamilnadu, andKashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, UP, Tamilnadu, andKerala.Kerala.
The size of hatching trays are adjusted according toThe size of hatching trays are adjusted according tothe size of trough.the size of trough.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
16/71
MAHASEER HATCHERYMAHASEER HATCHERY
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
17/71
Site selectionSite selection Should be at higher elevation to ensure sufficient flow of water.Should be at higher elevation to ensure sufficient flow of water.
Safe from high flood zone.Safe from high flood zone.
Water source should be of good quality and adequate inWater source should be of good quality and adequate inquantity.quantity.
Water supply should haveWater supply should have--
--moderate gradientmoderate gradient
--uniform temperatureuniform temperature
--gravity water supplygravity water supply
Hatchery should be protected from direct sun light.Hatchery should be protected from direct sun light.
Should have adequate neat & clean working place.Should have adequate neat & clean working place.
Least human activities along its catchments area.Least human activities along its catchments area.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
18/71
WATER SOURCEWATER SOURCE
Source of water may be Brook or streamSource of water may be Brook or streamhaving low silt content and organichaving low silt content and organicnutrient.nutrient.
Water should be free from pollutant andWater should be free from pollutant andother toxic substances.other toxic substances.
Spring water is the ideal.Spring water is the ideal.
Oxygen contentOxygen content-- 77--9 mg/l9 mg/l TemperatureTemperature--2020--2525OO CC
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
19/71
continuedcontinued
Water is passed through a desilting device beforeWater is passed through a desilting device before
fed to the hatchery.fed to the hatchery.
Distribution of water should be so regulated thatDistribution of water should be so regulated thateach unit (hatching trough, nursery tanks etc.)each unit (hatching trough, nursery tanks etc.)
have separate inlet to receive the requiredhave separate inlet to receive the required
quantity of fresh oxygenated water.quantity of fresh oxygenated water.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
20/71
FLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF NRCCWFFLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF NRCCWF
A flow through hatchery design and fabricated by NationalA flow through hatchery design and fabricated by NationalResearch Centre of Cold Water Fisheries (NRCCWF) rearingResearch Centre of Cold Water Fisheries (NRCCWF) rearing
ofof--0.25million eggs,0.25million eggs,
0.2million swim up,0.2million swim up,
0.120.12--0.15million advanced fry0.15million advanced fry..
Capacity can increased with installation of more trough, traysCapacity can increased with installation of more trough, trays& nursery facility with substantial increase in the water& nursery facility with substantial increase in the waterquantity through overhead tank.quantity through overhead tank.
This hatchery is very useful to producing stocking materials ofThis hatchery is very useful to producing stocking materials ofgolden Mahseer on large scale for ranching in natural water &golden Mahseer on large scale for ranching in natural water &
for raising under aquaculture program.for raising under aquaculture program.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
21/71
MAHSEER HATCHERY ATMAHSEER HATCHERY AT
BHIMTALBHIMTAL
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
22/71
FLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF MAHSEERFLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF MAHSEER
HATCHERY COMPONENTHATCHERY COMPONENT-- Trough,Trough,
Trays ,Trays ,
Nursery tanks,Nursery tanks,
Fry tank,Fry tank,
Other supporting facility.Other supporting facility.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
23/71
a) TROUGHa) TROUGH--
for rearing thefor rearing the eggs, larvae, & early fry.eggs, larvae, & early fry.
It may be different shape & size.It may be different shape & size.
Generally rectangular trough ofGenerally rectangular trough of220cmx50cmx40cm220cmx50cmx40cm sizesizeare used.are used.
Each trough should have capacity to hold sufficientEach trough should have capacity to hold sufficientwater.water.
Each trough should have separate inlet & outlet system.Each trough should have separate inlet & outlet system.
b) TRAYSb) TRAYS--
Made up of fibre glass or wood.Made up of fibre glass or wood.
May be rectangular or square shape.May be rectangular or square shape.
Size is so adjusted that 4Size is so adjusted that 4--5 trays can be placed in each5 trays can be placed in each
trough.trough. Bottom of each hatching tray is fitted with the syntheticBottom of each hatching tray is fitted with the synthetic
netting cloth ( mesh size 2mm) to ensure regular waternetting cloth ( mesh size 2mm) to ensure regular watermovement.movement.
Height of each trays ranges from 3Height of each trays ranges from 3--4 inches.4 inches.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
24/71
The outside dimension of each trays are such that they can beThe outside dimension of each trays are such that they can beaccommodated in series along the length of each trough.accommodated in series along the length of each trough.
The size of each trayThe size of each tray (50x30x10cm)(50x30x10cm) has capacity to holdhas capacity to hold
40004000--5000 fertilized eggs.5000 fertilized eggs.c) NURSERY TANKSc) NURSERY TANKS--
Used for rearing theUsed for rearing the early fry to advanced fryearly fry to advanced fry of mahseer.of mahseer.
Varies in shape and size.Varies in shape and size.
Should not be very deep.Should not be very deep. Suggested size of rectangular nursery tank canSuggested size of rectangular nursery tank can
be(2.0x0.75x0.60m) and circular tank (dia 2.2x0.75).be(2.0x0.75x0.60m) and circular tank (dia 2.2x0.75).
d) FRY PONDd) FRY POND--
Used for rearingUsed for rearing advanced fry to fingerlingsadvanced fry to fingerlings of mahseer.of mahseer.
It is generally earthen ponds of (5.0x1.5x0.7m) size.It is generally earthen ponds of (5.0x1.5x0.7m) size.
Can also be constructed using stone, cement or fibre glass.Can also be constructed using stone, cement or fibre glass.
Should have continuous water supply.Should have continuous water supply.
Fry can be stock @1000nos./mFry can be stock @1000nos./m22..
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
25/71
PONDPOND
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
26/71
e) OTHER SUPPORTING FACILITYe) OTHER SUPPORTING FACILITY--
Laboratory for monitoring & analysis of hatcheLaboratory for monitoring & analysis of hatche
operation.operation. Store room for hatchery equipment etc.Store room for hatchery equipment etc.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
27/71
INTRODUCTION OF GOLDEN MAHSEERINTRODUCTION OF GOLDEN MAHSEER
It is a indigenous fish, available in the uplands of IndianIt is a indigenous fish, available in the uplands of Indiansubcontinent all along the Himalayan belt.subcontinent all along the Himalayan belt.
It is commonly known asIt is commonly known as golden putitorgolden putitorororHimalayanHimalayanmahseer.mahseer.
It is known as a migratory fish running upstream in theIt is known as a migratory fish running upstream in themain river for spawning.main river for spawning.
The fish is seem to avoid very cold water (7The fish is seem to avoid very cold water (700c).c).
Himalayan mahseer basically herbivorous preferring toHimalayan mahseer basically herbivorous preferring tofeed on small organisms. The juveniles being voraciousfeed on small organisms. The juveniles being voraciousfeeder mainly feed on planktonic algae, crustaceans &feeder mainly feed on planktonic algae, crustaceans &insect.insect.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
28/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
29/71
Based on the study of gonads ofBased on the study of gonads ofTorTor
putitoraputitora, Khan (1939) came to conclusion, Khan (1939) came to conclusion
that, this species breeds in the norththat, this species breeds in the north--western Himalayas three timeswestern Himalayas three times--
In the winter months of Jan and FebIn the winter months of Jan and Feb
In the summer months of May and JuneIn the summer months of May and June In the monsoon months of July to OctIn the monsoon months of July to Oct
In Kumaon lakes, mahseer was observedIn Kumaon lakes, mahseer was observed
to breed at the commencement ofto breed at the commencement ofmonsoons.monsoons.
Male attain maturity at 2+year (250mmMale attain maturity at 2+year (250mm
size), while female at 3+year (300mmsize), while female at 3+year (300mm
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
30/71
IDENTIFICATION OF MATUREIDENTIFICATION OF MATURE
MALE AND FEMALE OFMALE AND FEMALE OF
GOLDEN MAHSEERGOLDEN MAHSEERMATURE FEMALEMATURE FEMALE
Dull coloration.Dull coloration.
Bulging belly.Bulging belly.
Feeling the softness of abdomen.Feeling the softness of abdomen.
Pink coloration of vent.Pink coloration of vent.
Gravidness (by applying a slight pressure on the belly toGravidness (by applying a slight pressure on the belly toconfirm free release of eggs.)confirm free release of eggs.)
MATURE MALEMATURE MALE
Bright color.Bright color.
Thicker and protruded lips.Thicker and protruded lips.
Jet flow of milt when gentle pressure is applied near the vent.Jet flow of milt when gentle pressure is applied near the vent.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
31/71
COLLECTION OF SPAWNERS/BROOD STOCKCOLLECTION OF SPAWNERS/BROOD STOCK
From stream, lakes, reservoirs.From stream, lakes, reservoirs.
Gill nets are fixed in the deep lake andGill nets are fixed in the deep lake and
reservoirs during the spawning season.reservoirs during the spawning season.
Released carefully to avoid any damage.Released carefully to avoid any damage.Male and female are kept in separate containerMale and female are kept in separate container
or tanks before spawning.or tanks before spawning.
After stripping spawners should be releasedAfter stripping spawners should be releasedback into pond after giving prophylacticback into pond after giving prophylactic
treatment of KMnOtreatment of KMnO44 @ 5%.@ 5%.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
32/71
STRIPPING OPERATIONSTRIPPING OPERATION
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
33/71
FERTILIZATION OF EGGSFERTILIZATION OF EGGS
One tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilized large quantityOne tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilized large quantityof eggs squeezed from 2of eggs squeezed from 2--3 female.3 female.
Mixing of small quantity of water with two sex productsMixing of small quantity of water with two sex productsensure complete fertilization.ensure complete fertilization.
Do not allow the direct sun light.Do not allow the direct sun light.
Eggs should not be disturbed.Eggs should not be disturbed. After sometime through repeated washing excessive miltAfter sometime through repeated washing excessive milt
& extra numerous materials are wash out.& extra numerous materials are wash out.
Then eggs are kept in water for hardening process forThen eggs are kept in water for hardening process for
about 30about 30-- 45 minutes.45 minutes. Size of fertilized eggsSize of fertilized eggs ----3.53.5 -- 4.0mm4.0mm
Rate of fertilization is estimated by acetic acid method.Rate of fertilization is estimated by acetic acid method.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
34/71
EGGS OF MAHSEEREGGS OF MAHSEER
ColourColour-- pale yellow to bright orangepale yellow to bright orange
DiameterDiameter--2.52.5--3.5 mm3.5 mm
NatureNature--Adhesive (newly stripped eggs)Adhesive (newly stripped eggs)
FecundityFecundity (nos. of eggs/kg body wt)(nos. of eggs/kg body wt)--30003000--
6000 eggs/burst6000 eggs/burst
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
35/71
QUANTIFICATION OF EGGSQUANTIFICATION OF EGGS
To maintain a proper record of total number of eggs stripped,To maintain a proper record of total number of eggs stripped,
fertilized in a hatchery.fertilized in a hatchery. For assessment of overall survival at different developmentalFor assessment of overall survival at different developmentalstages.stages.
Method of quantificationMethod of quantification--1.1. VolumetricVolumetric
--Measure by volume in eggs/ml.Measure by volume in eggs/ml.
--Ranges between 30Ranges between 30--35 eggs/ ml by volume.35 eggs/ ml by volume.
2.2. GravimetricGravimetric
-- measure by weight in eggs/g.measure by weight in eggs/g.--Ranges between 60Ranges between 60--100 eggs/g by wt.100 eggs/g by wt.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
36/71
INCUBATION OF EGGSINCUBATION OF EGGS
The fertilized eggs are incubated in a systemThe fertilized eggs are incubated in a systemhavinghaving
--continuous supply of fresh & clean water.continuous supply of fresh & clean water.
--sufficient Osufficient O22 content (7.5content (7.5--9.0 mg/l).9.0 mg/l).
--free from silt and other materials.free from silt and other materials.--water temperature (20water temperature (20--2525OOC).C).
Incubation periodIncubation period--
--8080--96 hrs or 4 days at 2096 hrs or 4 days at 20--2525OO C temperature.C temperature.
--1010--12 days for complete absorption of yolk sac.12 days for complete absorption of yolk sac.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
37/71
TableTable--quantity Of Water Required Duringquantity Of Water Required During
Different Phase Of MahseerDifferent Phase Of Mahseer
FISHFISH
STAGESSTAGES
WATERWATER
FLOW(L/min)FLOW(L/min)
STOCKINGSTOCKING
DENSITYDENSITY
TEMP.(TEMP.(00C)C)
Incubation ofIncubation of
FertilizedFertilizedeggseggs
1.51.5--2.02.0 50005000--
10,00010,000
2020--2525
Swim up fry &Swim up fry &
early fryearly fry
2.02.0--3.03.0 30003000--50005000 2525--2727
Fry &Fry &
advanced fryadvanced fry
3.03.0--5.05.0 10001000--30003000 2525--3030
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
38/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
39/71
INTRODUCTION OF TROUT IN INDIINTRODUCTION OF TROUT IN INDI
BROWN TROUTBROWN TROUT
STATESTATE YEARYEAR SOURCESOURCE PRESENTPRESENT
STATUSSTATUS
HPHP 19111911--19121912 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
UKUK 19111911--19121912 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
TNTN 18631863--18731873 ENGLANDENGLAND FAILUREFAILURE
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
40/71
RAIN BOW TROUTRAIN BOW TROUT
STATESTATE YEARYEAR SOURCESOURCE PRESENTPRESENT
STATUSSTATUS
HPHP 19191919 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
HPHP 19221922 NORWAYNORWAY ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
KASHMIRKASHMIR 19041904 ENGLANDENGLAND ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
UKUK 19761976 HPHP ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
41/71
BROOK TROUTBROOK TROUT
STATESTATE YEARYEAR SOURCESOURCE PRESENTPRESENT
STATUSSTATUS
KASHMIRKASHMIR 19691969 CANADACANADA FAILUREFAILURE
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
42/71
TROUT FARM IN INDIATROUT FARM IN INDIA
Arunanchal PradeshArunanchal Pradesh-- Nurnahg, Shergaon,Nurnahg, Shergaon,Himanchal PradeshHimanchal Pradesh-- Barot, Chirgaon, Sangla,Barot, Chirgaon, Sangla,
Mahili, PatlicuhlMahili, Patlicuhl
Jammu & KashmirJammu & Kashmir--Achhabal, HarwanAchhabal, Harwan,,
Kokernag, Laribal, Papchan, TrickerKokernag, Laribal, Papchan, Tricker
KeralaKerala-- Raja Mallay, IrabikolamRaja Mallay, Irabikolam
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
43/71
TROUT FARM IN INDIATROUT FARM IN INDIA
MeghalayMeghalay-- ShillongShillongNagalandNagaland-- KohimaKohima
SikkimSikkim-- GangtokGangtok
TamilnaduTamilnadu-- AvalancheAvalancheUttarakhandUttarakhand-- Bairangna ,Chirapani, KaldhyaniBairangna ,Chirapani, Kaldhyani,,
TalwariTalwari
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
44/71
Biological featureBiological feature
Brown trout & Rain Bow trout are carnivorous,Brown trout & Rain Bow trout are carnivorous,site feeder & voracious feeder.site feeder & voracious feeder.
FecundityFecundity-- 2000 eggs/kg body wt.2000 eggs/kg body wt.
Breeding seasonBreeding season---- early winter or Novearly winter or Nov--Jan (Brown trout )Jan (Brown trout )
-- Late winter or FebLate winter or Feb--March (Rain bow trout)March (Rain bow trout)
The rainbow trout haveThe rainbow trout have-- wider thermal tolerance,wider thermal tolerance,shorter incubation period, more resistance toshorter incubation period, more resistance todisease, grow faster in comparison to browndisease, grow faster in comparison to browntrout.trout.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
45/71
TROUT CULTURETROUT CULTURE
For sport fishingFor sport fishing
For foodFor food
Culture involves following stepsCulture involves following steps-- EggEgg--taking from healthy brood fishtaking from healthy brood fish
Incubation of the eggsIncubation of the eggs
Rearing of young fry in nursery pondsRearing of young fry in nursery ponds
Raising of fingerlings in growing pondsRaising of fingerlings in growing ponds Producing yearlings in raceways, circular pondsProducing yearlings in raceways, circular ponds
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
46/71
Site selection & watersupplySite selection & watersupply
Moderate rain fall.Moderate rain fall.
Moderate gradient.Moderate gradient.
Moderate foliage cover.Moderate foliage cover.
Moderate but uniform temperature.Moderate but uniform temperature.
Adequate limestone and other minerals deposits.Adequate limestone and other minerals deposits. Absence of grazing, logging, mining similar activity onAbsence of grazing, logging, mining similar activity on
water shed.water shed.
Provision of under ground pipe line in the hatchery toProvision of under ground pipe line in the hatchery tominimize temperature change.minimize temperature change.
Covering of water supply channels to prevent surfaceCovering of water supply channels to prevent surfacecontamination.contamination.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
47/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
48/71
WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY
TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE
Normally optimum rangeNormally optimum range-- 66--1818OOCC
For developing eggs & swimFor developing eggs & swim--up fryup fry-- 1010OOCC
For fingerlings & big fishesFor fingerlings & big fishes--
1515--171700C (optimum)C (optimum)1010--2121OOC (tolerable)C (tolerable)
SUSPENDED SOLIDSSUSPENDED SOLIDS
Should be
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
49/71
pHpH Normal rangeNormal range-- 6.7 to 8.26.7 to 8.2
At >9.0 Ph, found that mortality among eggs andAt >9.0 Ph, found that mortality among eggs and
alevins of trout.alevins of trout.
Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen Optimum rangeOptimum range -- 88--12 ppm12 ppm
Lethal rangeLethal range -- 3ppm3ppm Lowest safe levelLowest safe level -- 5 ppm5 ppm
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
50/71
FREE CARBON DI OXIDEFREE CARBON DI OXIDE Optimum levelOptimum level--2ppm2ppm
Stream fed waterStream fed water--0.70.7--1.8 ppm1.8 ppm
Spring waterSpring water-- 2.32.3--2.8 ppm2.8 ppm
TOTAL ALKALINITYTOTAL ALKALINITY
In stream fed trout farmIn stream fed trout farm-- 7979--90 ppm90 ppm
In spring fed hatcheriesIn spring fed hatcheries--8686--112 ppm112 ppm
Above 100 ppmAbove 100 ppm-- high biological productivityhigh biological productivity
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
51/71
CARE OF BROOD STOCKCARE OF BROOD STOCK
Before 2Before 2--3 months of breeding season3 months of breeding season
male & female fish are kept in separatemale & female fish are kept in separate
pools.pools.
Give nutritious diet e.g.. fish meal orGive nutritious diet e.g.. fish meal or
partially boiled meat & barley flour in thepartially boiled meat & barley flour in the
ratio of 1:20.ratio of 1:20.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
52/71
IDENTIFICATION OF MALE & FEMALEIDENTIFICATION OF MALE & FEMALE
characterscharacters Brown troutBrown trout Rainbow troutRainbow trout
malemale femalefemale malemale femalefemale
Body shapeBody shape Laterally compressedLaterally compressedduring breedingduring breeding
seasonseason
Rounded &Rounded &
distended in ripedistended in ripe
specimenspecimen
normalnormal NormalNormal
Snout &Snout &
lower jawlower jaw
Lower jaw hooked,Lower jaw hooked,
hook more prominenthook more prominent
in mature fishin mature fish
Lower jaw notLower jaw not
hookedhooked
Lower jaw hookedLower jaw hooked Lower jaw notLower jaw not
hookedhooked
BodyBody
colourationcolouration
White strips at theWhite strips at the
outer margin of analouter margin of anal
finfin
White strip absentWhite strip absent Red strips onRed strips on
lateral sidelateral side
increase in numberincrease in number
during breedingduring breeding
seasonseason
Red strips do notRed strips do not
show any increaseshow any increase
in numberin number
GenitalGenitala illaa illa
absentabsent presentpresent absentabsent presentpresent
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
53/71
SPAWNING PERIODSPAWNING PERIOD
Name of hatcheryName of hatchery Period of spawningPeriod ofspawning
Brown troutBrown trout Rainbow troutRainbow trout
Chirgaon (HP)Chirgaon (HP) Mid NovMid Nov--Mid DecMid Dec End FebEnd Feb Mid MarchMid March
Sangla(HP)Sangla(HP) Mid NovMid Nov-- Mid DecMid Dec ------------------
Barot(HP)Barot(HP) End DecEnd Dec--mid Janmid Jan Mid FebMid Feb End FebEnd Feb
Laribal(J & K)Laribal(J & K) DecDec JanJan JanJan-- FebFeb
Achhabal(J & K)Achhabal(J & K) DecDec JanJan ----------------------
Kaldhyani(UK)Kaldhyani(UK) DecDec JanJan ----------------------
Avalanch(TN)Avalanch(TN) ------------------------ SeptSept -- FebFeb
Rajamalay(Kerala)Rajamalay(Kerala) -------------------------- SeptSept
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
54/71
EGG TAKING OR STRIPPINGEGG TAKING OR STRIPPING Operation should be quicker.Operation should be quicker.
The egg taking operation can be greatly speeded ifThe egg taking operation can be greatly speeded if
the working condition are reasonably comfortable &the working condition are reasonably comfortable &
facilities for stripping are prearranged.facilities for stripping are prearranged. Brood fish should available at the spot of stripping.Brood fish should available at the spot of stripping.
Tubs, buckets, mugs etc. are kept ready forTubs, buckets, mugs etc. are kept ready for
temporary holding the brood fish.temporary holding the brood fish.
The egg receptacles, bird feather (quill), cover forThe egg receptacles, bird feather (quill), cover for
receptacles and 3% salt solution to serve asreceptacles and 3% salt solution to serve as
prophylactic for stripped fish are kept readyprophylactic for stripped fish are kept ready
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
55/71
A female rainbow trout ready forA female rainbow trout ready for
strippingstripping
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
56/71
Fertilization of eggsFertilization of eggs
After taking the eggs & milt in the spawning pan, sexAfter taking the eggs & milt in the spawning pan, sexproducts are mixed with the help of quill.products are mixed with the help of quill.
Because of the sensitivity of trout eggs to light, it isBecause of the sensitivity of trout eggs to light, it isadvisable to use dark & black colored spawning pan.advisable to use dark & black colored spawning pan.
Egg taking pans of earthen, enamel & plastic materialEgg taking pans of earthen, enamel & plastic materialare used.are used.
To ensure a high rate of fertilization, sufficient quantityTo ensure a high rate of fertilization, sufficient quantityof milt has to be spread over the eggs in the pan.of milt has to be spread over the eggs in the pan.
One tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilize eggs from twoOne tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilize eggs from twofemale (450 g) yielding about 1,300 eggs.female (450 g) yielding about 1,300 eggs.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
57/71
Newly taken eggs areNewly taken eggs areslightly adhesive.slightly adhesive.
About 5About 5--10 minutes after10 minutes aftermixing the two sexmixing the two sexproduct, foreign particles ifproduct, foreign particles ifpresent are removed andpresent are removed andexcess milt poured off byexcess milt poured off by
repeated washingrepeated washing.. A small quantity of waterA small quantity of wateris added to the pan tois added to the pan tokeep the eggs submergedkeep the eggs submergedfor hardening.for hardening.
Harden eggs appear toHarden eggs appear tohave a greenish tinge.have a greenish tinge.
Green eggs are ready toGreen eggs are ready tobe put in hatching boxes.be put in hatching boxes.
To estimate the rate ofTo estimate the rate offertilization, acetic acidfertilization, acetic acid
method is used.method is used.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
58/71
Quantification of eggsQuantification of eggs
Volumetric methodVolumetric method
Gravimetric methodGravimetric method
Borrows displacement methodBorrows displacement method Van Bayer methodVan Bayer method
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
59/71
INCUBATION OF EGGSINCUBATION OF EGGS
After the trout eggs are water hardened andAfter the trout eggs are water hardened andcounted, they are transferred to a hatchery forcounted, they are transferred to a hatchery forincubation.incubation.
There are several methods of incubating troutThere are several methods of incubating trouteggs.eggs.
For incubation we useFor incubation we use--
-- Flat trays and troughFlat trays and trough
-- Trout eggs incubatorsTrout eggs incubators-- The vibert systemThe vibert system
-- The jar systemThe jar system
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
60/71
Development Of Trout EggsDevelopment Of Trout Eggs
The rate of development depend s onThe rate of development depend s onwater temperature.water temperature.
There are four major stages up to swim upThere are four major stages up to swim up
fry.fry.Green eggGreen egg
Eyed eggEyed egg
Sac fry or alevinSac fry or alevin SwimSwim--up fryup fry
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
61/71
INCUBATION PERIOD IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGEINCUBATION PERIOD IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGE
Species and theirSpecies and their
developmental stagedevelopmental stage
W.T (range)W.T (range) 3.03.0 -- 7.07.0 OO CC 7.07.0 -- 11.011.0 OO CC 11.011.0 --13.013.0OO CC
I.P. (range)I.P. (range) DaysDays DaysDays DaysDays
BROWN TROUTBROWN TROUT
GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs 4141--5050 2121--3030 1515--2020
Eyed alevinEyed alevin 3131--4040 1515--2323 1111--1515
AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry 3232--4040 1010--1212 1010--1212
TotaldurationTotalduration 104104--140140 4646--6565 3636--4646
ESTERN BROOK TROUTESTERN BROOK TROUT
GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs 2929--3535 -- --
Eyed alevinEyed alevin 2626--3737 -- --
AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry 3030--3232 -- --
TotaldurationTotalduration 8585--104104 -- --
RAIN BOW TROUTRAIN BOW TROUT
GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs -- 2121--2929 1010--1515
Eyed alevinEyed alevin -- 2020--2727 88--1212
AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry -- 1010--1515 1010--1212
TotaldurationTotalduration -- 5151--7171 2828--3939
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
62/71
COMPONENTS OF TROUT HATCHERYCOMPONENTS OF TROUT HATCHERY
Trough & traysTrough & trays
Nursery pondsNursery ponds
Growing ponds & racewaysGrowing ponds & raceways
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
63/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
64/71
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
65/71
Flat trays and troughFlat trays and trough For the incubation of eggs.For the incubation of eggs.
Made up of wood( painted with asphalt), PVCMade up of wood( painted with asphalt), PVC(light blue colored), concrete, aluminum.(light blue colored), concrete, aluminum.
Number of hatching trough varies according toNumber of hatching trough varies according tocapacity of rearing.capacity of rearing.
Size ranges between 200x33x10 cm andSize ranges between 200x33x10 cm and400x90x60 cm.400x90x60 cm.
Size of hatching trays are adjusted according toSize of hatching trays are adjusted according tothe size of the trough.the size of the trough.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
66/71
NURSERY PONDSNURSERY PONDS
For the rearing of fry.For the rearing of fry.
SizeSize 3.0x1.0x0.75m to 10.0x1.0x0.75m.3.0x1.0x0.75m to 10.0x1.0x0.75m.
Inflow of water ranges between 20 and 30Inflow of water ranges between 20 and 30gallons per minute.gallons per minute.
Materials of nurseries range from RCC toMaterials of nurseries range from RCC to
stone walled ponds.stone walled ponds.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
67/71
GROWING PONDS or RACEWAYSGROWING PONDS or RACEWAYS
For rearing fingerlings.For rearing fingerlings.
RACE WAYSRACE WAYS--,,
1.RECTANGULAR RACEWAY1.RECTANGULAR RACEWAY
A raceway is usually an artificial water body of elongate shape.A raceway is usually an artificial water body of elongate shape.
A raceway can be connected to a series of other raceways, the latter are theA raceway can be connected to a series of other raceways, the latter are the
drop level below the formerdrop level below the former An artificial raceway may be either entirely earthen or fully concrete orAn artificial raceway may be either entirely earthen or fully concrete or
partially, earthen pond may be covered with pebbles.partially, earthen pond may be covered with pebbles.
Size rangeSize range-- 10.0x1.0x1.0m and 15.0x1.0x1.0m10.0x1.0x1.0m and 15.0x1.0x1.0m
Inflow of water ranges from 300Inflow of water ranges from 300--400 litres/minutes.400 litres/minutes.
2.CIRCULAR RACEWAY2.CIRCULAR RACEWAY Concrete structureConcrete structure
A circular raceway ranges in diameter from 4.0A circular raceway ranges in diameter from 4.0-- 11.0m and water depth of11.0m and water depth of0.75 to 1.0 m.0.75 to 1.0 m.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
68/71
CIRCULAR RACEWAYCIRCULAR RACEWAY
INLET
I
N
L
E
T
INLET
OUT FLOW PIPE
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
69/71
RECTANGULAR RACEWAYRECTANGULAR RACEWAY
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
70/71
HATCHERY SANITATIONHATCHERY SANITATION
Trout egg during incubation, are prone toTrout egg during incubation, are prone toseveral infections.several infections.
Most common disease are white spot soft egg,Most common disease are white spot soft egg,blue sac &blue sac & SaprolegniaSaprolegnia infection.infection.
Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitationMalachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitationof nursery ponds.of nursery ponds.
Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment forMalachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment forswimswim--up fry for 30 minutes.up fry for 30 minutes.
To avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must beTo avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must beremoved from the trays every morning.removed from the trays every morning.
8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery
71/71