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Cold WarTest ReviewAnswers
1. Explain the role of President Eisenhower during the Cold War
• 1st Republican after 20 years of Democrats in office
• Enforcer of the Truman Doctrine and Containment.
• Helped end McCarthyism
• Proposed Interstate Highway Act of 1956
• Supported U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion
2. Explain the role of President Truman in the
Cold War
• Issued the Truman Doctrine.
• Promoted U.S. participation in NATO
• Sent U.S. support to Western Europe with the Marshall Plan
• Sent troops/military support into South Korea- began Korean War.
3. Explain the role of President Kennedy in the
Cold War
• Did not allow U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion
• President during the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Supported the Space race
4. Explain the role of Joseph Stalin in the Cold
War
• The leader of the Soviet Union at the End of WWII
• Promoted communism and totalitarian government systems in the U.S.S.R and its satellite countries (E. Europe)
• Promotes Molotov Plan and Warsaw Pact
• Shuts down free corridor in Germany
5. Explain the Role of Nikita Khrushchev in the
Cold War
• Soviet Premier following Stalin
• Allied with Fidel Castro and placed ICBMs in Cuba, starting the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• Promoted Space race for the Soviet Union
6. Explain the role of Joseph McCarthy in the
Cold War
• Republican Senator up for re-election
• Increased Red Scare hysteria
• Feared communism and used America’s fear to gain fame with list of 205 state department workers of being communist
• Created the HUAC, who tried suspected communists with bullying and intimidating tactics
7. Define the Korean War
• 1950-53• Korea separated into North and
South- North communist• North invades South• Truman sends in U.S. support• McArthur pushes N.Korea back to
Yalu River- Chinese “volunteers” provide support (communist China)
• Pushed back into South Korea• Armistice at 38th Parallel
8. Define the Cold War
• Called a “constant war of nerves”• 46 year period of tension majorly
between the United States and the Soviet Union (1945-1991)
• Conflict of ideas: Democracy vs. communism
• No actual war between the United States and the Soviet Union, but constant threat of nuclear war
9. What is McCarthyism and the Red Scare?
• Fear, Suspicion and scapegoating
• Tactics used at suspected communists’ hearings
• Fear and hysteria over communism
10. What were the arms race and the space race?
• Arms race- the large scale production of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
• Space race- contest between super powers (US&USSR) to make landmarks in space exploration.
• The Soviet Union beat the United States into space with the launch of Sputnik in 1957
11. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
• After the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, Fidel Castro allows the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles (ICBMs) in Cuba
• A U-2 spy plane discovers these and the Kennedy Administration has to decide how to respond. (airstrike? Invade? Ignore? Emissary? Blockade?)
• Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba and eventually negotiations open with Khrushchev
• They agree to remove missiles if U.S. remove theirs from Turkey
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed- end production of nuclear bombs
12. What was the Truman Doctrine?
• President Truman vowed to provide U.S. support to fight communism anywhere in the world
• Justifies U.S. intervention in Korean and Vietnam Wars
13. What was the Containment Policy?
• The United States’ goal to contain/stop the spread of communism
• Major policy of the Cold War
14. What was the Marshall Plan and the
Molotov Plan?
• Marshall Plan- The United States’ plan of sending economic aid to war-torn Europe. ($17 Billion)
• Countries that accepted aid had to have democratic governments and buy supplies and products from the USA
• Molotov Plan- Soviet Union’s reaction to the Marshall Plan, their economic aid to their Eastern European satellite countries
15. What was the impact of the atomic Bomb?
• 1st nuclear weapon (dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
• Reason for cold war tension (threat of nuclear war)
• Further development lead to the hydrogen bomb (100x stronger)
16. What was NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Alliance/defense system formed between the United States, Great Britain, France and Canada
• Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union alliance system with Eastern European satellite countries after creation of NATO
• Countries choosing sides after WWII
17. What is totalitarianism?
• Government by one or few
• Total control over many aspects of people’s lives
• No freedom of press or speech
18. What was the Interstate Highway Act of
1956?
• Proposed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Wanted to create a highway system to connect cities/states
• Modeled after autoban in Europe (Germany)
• Cut down travel time (62 days x-country to 4 days)
• Promoted the growth of new cities and especially suburban population (towns outside the major cities)
19. What does the division of Germany &
Berlin mean?
• Yalta Conference- Germany divided between US, USSR, Great Britain, and France
• Germany/Berlin Divided into East and West
• USSR installs communist government in E. Germany and E. Berlin
• US, Gr. Britain, and France half becomes democratic W. Germany
20. What types of actions would lead you to believe
that the Cold War was ending?
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
21. What is the correct sequence of eras in
history after Reconstruction?
• After Reconstruction there was the Gilded Age, which was the rise of factories and industry
• That was followed by World War I (1914-1918)
• Then after that was the Great Depression starting in 1929
• World War II brought the United States out of the Great Depression
• Directly after WWII the Cold War began
22. Why did the US suffer little physically during
WWII??
• The location of the United States kept it from suffering much damage- it was far away from the actual war. Most of the war took place in Europe and in the Pacific Islands.